Investigating the forces acting on a trolley on a ramp
Physics coursework Investigating the forces acting on a trolley on a ramp Contents Page 3 -> Method Page 4 -> Theory Page 7 -> Results Page 9 -> Error Page 18 -> Appendixes Method The aim of the investigation was to investigate the forces acting on a trolley as it rolled down a ramp, and also to investigate the factors which may contribute to the results. To do this, a trolley and a ramp set at a variety of angles of incline were used, and then, using a light gate, the speed at which the trolley was moving when it passed through the light gate was calculated. The variables were the starting distance of the trolley in relation to the light gate and the angle of the ramp. Firstly, the equipment was set up as in fig. 1. The trolley was then run down the ramp with a piece of card attached to the side. This card was of a known length and could hence be used to calculate the velocity at which the trolley was moving. While the light gate did actually calculate the velocity, it only gave the answer to 2 decimal places, whereas it gave the time to 2 decimal places. Furthermore, the light gate calculated the velocity with the assumption that the card was exactly 100mm, whereas when the card was actually measured, this was a value closer to 102mm (±0.5mm). Next, after the trolley had passed through the light gate, the information from that 'run' appeared
Simulating Asteroid Impact
Mechanics Coursework Simulating Asteroid Impact In this experiment the ball bearings will be the free falling objects which will simulate a meteorite or asteroid impact. Any object which is allowed to free fall in the Earth's gravitational field will experience an acceleration (g) equal to 9.8 m/s2. In order to determine the velocity of the ball bearing at the moment of impact, two equations are needed. The equation, (1) vf = vi - gt states that the final velocity, vf, is equal to the initial velocity, vi, minus the acceleration due to gravity, g, multiplied by the amount of time, t, it takes the object to fall. During this experiment you will be unable to accurately measure the fall time. Because of this, another equation is needed to determine the final velocity. (2) d = vit - 0.5gt2 Equation (2) allows you to calculate the distance, d, an object will fall within the Earth's gravitational field, if the amount of fall time is known. It should be noted that d is negative (-) for objects moving towards the Earth. In other words a falling object has a negative displacement. For objects moving away from the Earth, d will be positive (+). Notice that time, t, is still a part of equation (2). By substitution, we can eliminate t and can then calculate vf based solely on the distance the object falls. The initial velocity in these experiments is equal to zero, since the
Electromagnet Interference.
Report: Electromagnet Interference In this report I will look into the basis of electromagnet interferences! What is it may you think? Well never the matter because further on in this report, there would be more in-depth explanation on this topic! There will be annotated pictures which illustrate what is happening in some parts of this report so you the reader can understand it much better! What is Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)? First of all what is electromagnet might you ask? Well to put it in simple terms it is basically a live current going through an electrical wire that produces what we call a magnetic field! The term "electromagnetic" comes from the relationship between electricity and magnetism. The two forces always accompany each another. Where you have magnetism you have electricity and vice versa. Either cannot work nor exist without the other! Another occasion is when you are next to your television set and you mobile phone goes off! You should notice a noise that interferes with the sound which is what we call electromagnet interference. What Causes EMI? There are three types of causes EMI. They are inherent, natural and man made! I will now talk through how each one of these work! * Inherit: This produces noise but with any electronic equipment! A good example would be your television set making funny sounds when say a mobile phone is ring! The
To change the angle of a ramp and place a trolley 70 cm away from its edge and release it and see how far the trolley travels off of the ramp.
(Nabila Salim 10CKg) How high, how far? The aim: The aim of this experiment is to change the angle of a ramp and place a trolley 70 cm away from its edge and release it and see how far the trolley travels off of the ramp. Prediction: I predict that the smaller the angle between the ramp and the desk (the less steep) the less the trolley will travel off of the ramp and the larger the angle between the ramp and the desk (the more steep) the more the trolley will travel off of the ramp. I think this because if the ramp is steeper the trolley will accelerate more as it goes down it and it will travel further and if the ramp isn't very steep then the trolley will not accelerate very much as it goes down it and it wont travel very far. Equipment needed: Equipment set-up: Desk/floor Ramp Trolley Metre Sticks Calculator Textbooks Fairness: To make this experiment fair I have to make sure that: * I put the textbooks under the ramp at the same place each time * I make sure that the front of the trolley starts at the 70cm mark * I make sure that I let the trolley go rather then push it down the ramp * I do each test three times and average out the result * Our trolley isn't biased to one side when it rolls Measuring: To find out the distance travelled by the trolley from the end of the ramp I will use a metre stick and will
Motion notes
MOTION SUMMARY Kinematics Distance is how far an object has travelled without worrying about direction. Position is the distance and direction from an arbitrary zero - a convenient place to start measuring. Displacement is the final position minus the initial position. Average speed equals total distance travelled divided by the time taken to move. Av. speed is the constant speed needed to cover the given distance in the same time. To convert kilometers per hour to metres per second, multiply by 1000 and divide by 3600. To convert kilometers per hour to metres per second, divide by 3.6. To convert metres per second to kilometers per hour, multiply by 3.6. Instantaneous speed is the speed at one instant in time. The instantaneous speed is the gradient of a distance versus time graph. Velocity is the speed plus the direction of motion of the object. The instantaneous velocity is the gradient of a position or displacement versus time graph. When acceleration is constant, the average velocity is equal to the initial velocity plus the final velocity divided by 2. When the acceleration is constant, the average speed and the instantaneous speed are the same at the mid point in time. Average acceleration is the constant rate of change in velocity that will cause the same change in velocity to occur in the given time. Average acceleration equals the final velocity
Centripetal Motion
Centripetal motion The aim of the experiment was to test the formula F= (mv2))/r to see if it works. During this experiment results will be collected and analysed to answer the aim. Method In this experiment a bung was attached to the end of a string and the string threaded through a hollow glass cylinder with a weight that can be incremented or decremented attached at the other end. The person carrying out the experiment would then hold onto the glass cylinder and swing the bung around making sure that the radius, or length of string that is in rotation with the bung, is constant thus requiring a specific force. As part of this experiment the weight was varied, which would in turn vary the force needed to keep the bung in circulation and at a constant speed while keeping the radius the same. In the other part of this experiment the radius was varied while keeping the weight the same. Measurements of the period were calculated by measuring the time taken for ten rotations, and this proved easier to measure than one rotation, and then divided by ten. Glass was chosen as a material for the cylinder to reduce the energy lost due to friction between the top of the cylinder and the string; this will help increase the reliability of the final results. In this experiment it proved quite difficult to be consistent though out all the experiment so therefore if there were any
Physics of scuba diving
The effects of Pressure whilst Scuba diving Scuba diving is a sport that many people enjoy but very few understand the physics behind. Physics is vital for divers, whether recreational or professional, as without an understanding of physical principles, diving would become unimaginably dangerous. Lots of interesting physics is involved in diving, the effects of buoyancy must be taken into account by divers to ensure that they have control of their bodies during a dive. The phenomena of light and sound under the sea are also very different to those at the surface, Light is gradually filtered out as a diver descends, starting with red light each colour of the visible spectrum is lost, the last colour to be filtered out by the water column is blue (hence why many underwater pictures appear to be blue) until at around 70m all visible light has gone. Sound travels much faster and further in the sea, this confuses the brain and means that sounds can appear to be all around a diver as the brain can only detect distance and direction of sounds by the time difference that they are detected in each ear, as the sounds travel much faster, the brain thinks that the sound must be all around, sounds also travel much further in water that in air, so quiet sounds are amplified and can lead to disorientation. (this is also why it is important for submarines to be quiet to avoid
Slowly trudging through the swampy field silhouetted by the moon, was the fifth victim of the Buttermilk Bluebeard
The Silo Strangler Slowly trudging through the swampy field silhouetted by the moon, was the fifth victim of the Silo Strangler. He was 15 years old, 5ft 6 and was the usual teenager who thought that the world revolved around him and that nothing could hurt him. His father laid down the rules in his house and the one he, made a point of most was that Andy should not sneak out of his bedroom and night to go and drink with his friends. Not only was it illegal for him to be drinking, the Silo Strangler was lurking around and had already killed four people in the vicinity of the village. It was violating this rule that got Andy killed. It started as soon as he climbed out of his bedroom window at 10:30PM. He shuffled down the cast iron drainpipe down the side of his house to the ground, he sneaked around the house in total stealth making sure nobody saw him. He crossed the well-lit main road, which spoiled the serenity of the village, bringing more people to the village who bought houses for obscene amounts of money and the Buttermilk Bluebeard. Then he climbed awkwardly through the barbed wire fence trying his best not to damage himself or his clothing as his parents would know he had been out if he did. Now he was in the field he could not run through it, he had to slowly walk, down the edge of the field, as there was corn on the cob growing in it so he had to take care not
Investigation to find out what affects the size of a shadow.
Liam Haggerty 11Wd Investigation to find out what affects the size of a shadow. Aim To see what happens to the size of the shadow when certain factors are changed. Variables There are many variables in which I could change. For our experiment it will be sufficient for us only to change one variable the rest we will keep constant. Here is a list of variable from this I will choose on variable to which I think will have the mast effect on the size of the shadow. * Positioning of screen in co-ordination with the lamp * Size of the screen and the lamp * Size of the object used. * Shape of the object used * Angle of the screen * Shape of the screen * Distance between light and object. The variable highlighted in red is the one I will change, as this I believe is the factor that affects the size of a shadow the most. Hypothesis I predict that the closer the object is to the light source the larger the shadow will be. Therefore the further away the objects from the light source mean the shadow will be smaller. This is due to many factors regarding how light travels and the distance to object lies from the source light. We know that light travels in straight lines so when an object is place in front of a light the light cannot travel around the object or through it so the object blocks out the light. This means that if the objects are closer to light the light source
The origins of mathematics come from the classical Greeks and then those scholars prior to Augustus in Rome.
CAREER REPORT MATHEMATICIAN ERIC WALK The origins of mathematics come from the classical Greeks and then those scholars prior to Augustus in Rome. Also the Arabs and Egyptians along side the Hebrews and Babylonians were making many advances. Amongst all of them they invented the decimal point, pi, the place holder and our current numerals. During the Renaissance in Europe mathematicians stepped up the pace but in the scientific revolution of the 1600's the field exploded with Newton and his calculus; Descartes and his analytical geometry; also, the great Da Vinci and Galileo. Through out the time to follow algebra and most other forms of math evolved. Eventually there was Einstein with his mathematic equations that solved some of the mysteries of space, time and light. As the years have progressed and computers and calculators become easier and cheaper to make, math has been made simpler and expeditiously done. While the age old idea of writing out math step after step will always be preferable to quick computer computations with the intent that you might later need to trace how the answer derived from the problem and why. Math is a science in which you are not solving; but rather proving that something is always true under certain circumstances and, that there is only one set of true solutions to an equation, which extraordinarily resembles basic criteria. The job of a