Serving Newton
CHAPTER FOURTEEN SERVING NEWTON At the start of the year's University Physics 1 degree course, the Physics Professor looked at the motley crew filling the lecture theatre. He knew some students were destined to survive, while others would drop-out. In a rather callous way, the professor wrote-off the previous twelve years of the students' scientific education before introducing the course. Writing on the board just four symbols, he continued saying "The single most important equation in the Universe is," " F = m a " The experience could be likened to watching the rector at church, singing the praises of the most exalted one. "From this equation" he said, "everything else, all other forces are derived, forces including motion, gravity, electrostatics and magnetism. This can be experimentally proven over-and-over again as a Law of Nature, as a Universal truth. " But this was no rector, this was the bishop, the professor himself outlining Newton's laws of motion, showing the magic relationships that exist in the sciences. The Universe seemed to make sense at that moment, but then his reverent attitude turned. He introduced into this overview scheme of things, three body gravitational systems. At this point, he stated that Newton's laws failed, for "this is where Einstein's approximations come into their own, for only they can accurately predict and solve the forces that
Multi-bladed Pumps. Does the number of propellor blades affect the efficiency of a water pump?
Pumps & Physics Research and Rationale What's new? When I was thinking about which aspect of physics to investigate for my investigation, I knew it was a good idea to choose something that really interested me. At the time I was becoming more and more fascinated by subatomic particles. I liked the fact that much of it was new and not understood properly, unlike the classical physics that everyone associates the subject with. Unfortunately, high energy physics does not translate into good practical coursework. However, while reading Six Easy Pieces, a book adapted from Richard Feynman's famous textbook The Feynman Lectures on Physics, I noticed that a very common everyday phenomenon is still not properly understood by physicists. Encouraged by the prospect of discovering something new, I read on. Chaotic ideas Feynman wrote (on page 66) "There is a physical problem that is common to many fields, that is very old, and that has not been solved...It is the analysis of circulating or turbulent fluids...No-one can analyse it from first principles" "Wow - something science can't explain" I thought. I looked on the internet for further details and I found a poster from World Maths Year 2000 (http://www.newton.cam.ac.uk/wmy2kposters/march/), showing just the type of unpredictable fluid motion that Feynman was writing about. It's a new and exciting branch of maths called
Use of technology in a hospital radiology department. The department of imaging is one of the best equipped in the UK and provides a very full range of diagnostic and interventional services which include: X ray, Computer Tomography(CT), Magnetic Resonanc
IVA LEARNER INSTRUCTIONS TASK 1 A University College London Hospital (UCLH) is a teaching hospital in London, part of the University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. It was founded in 1834, eight years after UCL (then known as the University College London as the North London Hospital in order to provide clinical training for the medical doctors. UCLH was officially opened in October 2005. It is the biggest and most ambitious hospital building project in the history of the NHS. UCLH provides many services. This includes: Accident and Emergency, clinic for cardiology outpatients, cancer care, critical care, endocrinology, general surgery, Ophthalmology, Dermatology, General medicine, Gynaecology, Rheumatology, Orthopaedics, Paediatrics and Urology. [ 1] This project mainly focuses on what they offer in the radiology department. The department of imaging is one of the best equipped in the UK and provides a very full range of diagnostic and interventional services which include: X ray, Computer Tomography(CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI),Ultrasound (US), Intervention radiology, Fluoroscopy and plain film X ray. UCLH provides a comprehensive clinical service, offering a full range of procedures to both the trust and other hospitals throughout the UK. 12,000 patient studies are performed per year, using the UK's first Positron Emission Tomography (PET),
Investigating the factors affecting tensile strength of human hair.
Investigating the factors affecting tensile strength of human hair Planning: (Skill A) Hypothesis There will be a difference in tensile strength in blonde hair and black hair of similar thickness. Blonde hair will have a higher tensile strength than black hair when at similar thickness. Blonde hair has more sulphur-sulphur covalent bonds than black hair. Hair contains the protein keratin, which contains a large proportion of cysteine with S-S bonds. The disulphide bond is one of the strongest bonds known anywhere in nature. The cross-linking by disulphide linkages between the keratin chains accounts for much of the strength of hair. Blonde hair has more of these bonds therefore blonde hair will have a higher tensile strength and elasticity levels. Null Hypothesis There will be no difference in tensile strength between black hair and blonde hair of similar thickness. Blonde hair having more sulphide bridges will not mean that blonde hair has a higher tensile strength than black hair. Background Knowledge Hair has a very high tensile strength. It can hold up 60kg of weight before breaking. This high strength is due to its structure. Hair is made of the fibrous protein keratin. Figure 1 shows keratin molecules are made up of three helices. They are held together by strong covalent bonds called sulphur bonds. Eleven of these molecules group together to form a micro
Young's Modulus of Nylon
Young's Modulus Investigation AS Physics Coursework J. Lee Introduction This investigation aims to find the value of Young's Modulus for a specific material, in this case nylon fishing line. Young's Modulus (E) is a measure of a material's stiffness, determined by the formula: The standard unit of measure for Young's Modulus is the pascal (Pa). 1 pascal is the same measure as 1 Nm-2 (Nm being Newton Metre). A material always retains the same Young's Modulus value regardless of how much it is stretched or strained, and this should be revealed in this investigation by gathering a definite value of the modulus for nylon. Hypothesis Through research that I conducted before starting the investigation, I have determined that the correct Young's Modulus value of Nylon lies in the range 1-7GPa (the large range being due to different make-ups of Nylon with it being a compound). I should therefore be looking at achieving a final result within or very close to this range. Since stress is proportionate to strain in the Young's Modulus formula, and the modulus value remains the same, I would expect the value of stress and strain to proportionally increase with each other. Experiment Plan In order to carry out this investigation into the value of Young's Modulus of nylon, I will conduct an experiment to gather the values of stress and strain when increasing force is added to the
Is Helmut Newton's photography artistic or pornographic?
Amelie Küster Extended Essay October 2003 Visual Art Helmut Newton - Work Is Helmut Newton's photography artistic or pornographic? Word count: 3925 Research Question Is Helmut Newton's photography artistic or pornographic? Abstract Photography is a very interesting media to convey messages, feelings and opinions, and leaves a wide range of styles and methods how to do so. The photographer Helmut Newton developed a way to show his own imagination of reality and express his feelings, which is criticised by many people, for as some do not see the art in his work. They rather accuse it to be pornographic. By looking at the development of his work over time and the true meaning of his pictures, the legal side of publishing these pictures and the reproaches of his so called greatest enemy, the feminist Alice Schwarzer, I tried to show how the question whether Helmut Newton's work is artistic or pornographic is related to a created war between sexes, the battle between Newton and Schwarzer. Whilst there are many books about photography, I only could find a few information about Newton's work, mainly taken from his own autobiography, for as public places, such as libraries did not had any material. I guess this is because of the context of his work. Nudity does not seem to be at its right place in a public library. However, I was willing to research Newton's work in
The physics involved with a rollercoaster.
Introduction As part of my physics investigation into the physics involved with a rollercoaster I was given the privilege to see some live rollercoaster's at work in Thorpe Park. Although at the end I chose a ride which was not a strictly a rollercoaster; however it did have some key aspects and physics of a normal rollercoaster. I decided to investigate two rides; these were the 'Detonator' and the 'Tidal wave'. Out of the two I decided to base my investigation on the 'Tidal wave'. This ride had more key aspects of physics involved and seemed more plausible for such an investigation in order to gain a stimulus, development and a detailed/analysed conclusion and evaluation. The physics principles of roller coasters haven't changed much since the original roller coasters. "Most coaster physics comes from Isaac Newton's law of motion. Roller-coaster designs rely on the acceleration caused by forces to make a roller coaster ride both thrilling and safe." (According to the Hyper coaster) The most important factor in designing roller coasters is how to balance out these forces. For example, a large up-force may cause you to faint because your heart can not pump enough blood to your head so balancing the forces is key. Roller-coasters are a small car lifted or driven to the highest point of the track. When set free it starts rolling down under the force of gravity, and then goes
In this report I will start by exploring the history of the Computerised Tomography (CT) scanner and the technological advances which have made this type of medical imaging one of the most successful in its field. In addition, I will give a detailed expla
Content Page Page Title Page Number Aim.................................................................................................2 History.............................................................................................2-3 Principles and Components of CT. Gantry............................................................................................4-5 X-ray tube..........................................................................................5 Three-phase generator.............................................................................6 Gantry. Collimator...........................................................................................7 Filter..............................................................................................7-8 Detector..............................................................................................8 Image formation. Formation..........................................................................................9 CT image..............................................................................................10 Image reconstruction........................................................................10-11 Advances. Advances and Slip
Objectives: To determine the center of gravity of a body of irregular shapes
Experiment 2A: Centre of gravity of a body(irregular shape only) Objectives: To determine the center of gravity of a body of irregular shapes Experimental Design Apparatus: Name of apparatus Number Remarks Irregular shape board 3 pic Optical pin of cork pc Cellulose tape roll Scissors pair A4 sheet 3 pic Meter -rule pic Stand Clamp Experiment Set-up Description of design: In this experiment, we will determine the center of the gravity of the irregularly shaped wooden boards by setting up the apparatus as above. In this experiment, we have to find out the center of gravity of three irregularly shaped boards. On each board, there are three holes for us to hang them on stand and clamp. After marking and drawing the points and lines on the A4 sheet paper which is fixed on the wooden board by the cellulose tape. The intercept point of the lines is the center of the gravity of that irregularly shaped wooden board. Theory: Before finding the center of gravity of the irregularly shaped boards, we should know about the background of the experiment and the center of gravity: The center of gravity is a geometric property of any object. The center of gravity of system is the point where the gravitational force by the earth acts at. The center of gravity is the average location of the weight of an object. We can completely describe the motion of any object
Slide Mechanics Coursework
Slide Mechanics Coursework Introduction An object travels down a slide at distance l down the slide. The object then free-falls through a vertical distance h before hitting the ground. Obviously the greater l, the further the horizontal distance d that it lands away from the slide. The relationship between d and l for a particular angle of inclination q for the slide. Experimental and theoretical data will be compared to see if the relationship in practice is that of the predicted data. The aim of the experiment is to find the relationship between l and d for a given value of q. The Model An experimental model for the diagram shown above would be a slide on a table. A smooth object will travel down the slide and land on the floor with a precise measurable distance d. Before materials are named, certain modelling assumption will be made clear. Modeling Assumptions & Materials Taking into consideration that resistive forces must be minimal, or omitted altogether, in order for experimental and theoretical results to be compared with accuracy, suitable materials have to be used. Materials must have an appropriate arrangement and qualities to avoid such forces to effect results. Object The object that travels down the slide will be modelled as a particle with only one force acting on the object: its weight (mg). Any frictional forces will be ignored in preliminary