Investigating the relation between wave speed and tension in a slinky spring
Investigating the relation between wave speed and tension in a slinky spring How does the speed of the wave change with tension in a slinky spring? Plan In this experiment I am going to see how the speed of a wave changes with the tension in a slinky spring. The apparatus that I will need are: * Slinky spring * Timer * Measuring tape * Newton Metre I will measure the distance of the slinky spring at different lengths and also measure the time it takes for a transverse wave to oscillate twice through the spring. I will then calculate the speed of the wave using the formula: Speed (m/s) = Distance (m) / Time (s) The lengths of the spring that I will measure depends on the tension. I will measure the lengths and calculate the speed of the wave at these lengths when the tension is 0.5N, 1.0N, 1.5N, 2.0N, 2.5N, 3.0N, 3.5N, 4.0N, 4.5N, 5.0N. In this experiment, my partner will be holding the slinky at one end which is attached to the Newton metre. I will then introduce a wave into my end of the slinky and the wave will travel through and eventually reach the other end of the slinky and the presence of my partner's hand. The wave will then undergo 'reflection'. The wave will remain within the medium (slinky) but just reverse the direction of travel. A slinky wave which travels to the end of a slinky and back has doubled its distance. That is, by reflecting back to the
Investigation of the relationship between extension of a spiral spring material per unit of load applied on it.
Investigation of the relationship between extension of a spiral spring material per unit of load applied on it. Introduction The objective of this investigation is to find out the relationship between the extension of a spiral spring per unit mass of load applied. I believe that the following are two main factors or variables that affect in a big way the extension of a spring Variables * Firstly the force put on the spring which is the weights. I believe that the weights that are put on the spring will have the biggest affect on how the extents. * Secondly the other variable is the extension. This is because the extension of the spiral spring changes with the load applied on it. * Stiffness of the spring, an very stiff spring will extend lesser than a lesser stiff spring. This is because the particles are closer together so more load will need to be applied to weaken the bonds. Apparatus The following equipment will be required in order to do this experiment: * Firstly a clamp stand this will be used to this will be used to connect other apparatus in to one place. This will put the spring a good distanced up to prevent the spring from coming in to contact with the table which it will be on. The spring will be suspended from the stand to allow it enough space to stretch. * Secondly two bosses will be used, one to hold the spiral spring in place and the other to
An experiment to investigate and determine how rubber behaves when tension forces are applied to it.
Physics AT1 An experiment to investigate and determine how rubber behaves when tension forces are applied to it By Jess McFarlane 11WM Aim The initial aim of my experiment is to investigate how rubber behaves when tension forces are applied to it. I also intend to figure out why this happens so that the data that I am provided with will help me to analyse what I plan to write about during this set coursework. For the actual experiment I will be using a rubber band, as this is an easier and less complex way of carrying out the investigation. Introduction When a sample of material in the form of rubber, such as in this case, is pulled so as to apply a tension force, the sample would become longer in size. And the difference between the new length of the sample and its existing length, when there was no tension applied to it, this is called the extension of the particular sample. Tension is a force that is applied to an object of material that is able to change in size, for example, these types of materials could be used, rope, springs, rods, wires and in this particular case rubber. Tension is the name given to a force, which acts through a stretched sample or object e.g. when a pulling force is applied at each end of the rope, it is said to be under tension. Extension occurs in this experiment as well. A definition of extension is when an object such as rubber is
My aim for this experiment is to verify Hooke's law, which is F = MX.
Proving Hooke's law Aim My aim for this experiment is to verify Hooke's law, which is F = MX. Prediction I predict that the length will increase in relationship with the increase in mass. F = MX M = 1.5 X (cm) 2 4 6 8 10 F (n) 3 6 9 12 15 See prediction graph. Method The apparatus was set up as shown. We measured the length of the spring, using a ruler, every time we added mass to it and recorded the results. Safety Normal laboratory safety conditions apply. We wore goggles throughout this experiment to protect our eyes from snapping elastic bands. Results Spring We measured the spring before we started to add mass and it was 4.7cm in length. I calculated what 'm' would be for each result. X (cm) 0 0.5 0.8 1.3 1.8 2.3 2.8 4.8 6.6 F (n) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.5 M 0.2 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.2 0.2 0.23 See spring graph. Elastic band We measured the elastic band before we started to add mass and it was 8.5cm long. I calculated what 'm' would be for each result. X (cm) 0 0.5 0.8 1.2 1.9 2.7 3.2 4.1 4.9 6.2 F (n) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 M 2 2.5 2.5 2.1 1.85 1.875 1.7 1.6 1.45 X (cm) 16.5 19.7 23.5 28.5 31 F (n) 10 15 20 25 30 M 0.6 0.75 0.85 0.88 0.98 See elastic band graph. Conclusion Spring I hung a spring from a retort stand and measured its length, which was 4.7cm. I then proceeded to hang a mass from the spring, starting
Investigating Hooke's Law
Investigating Hooke's Law Aim The aim of my coursework is to investigate and achieve a clear understanding into whether Hooke's law is true and to what extend in which it works and why. Prophecy Hooke's law states that if we add the same sized mass on to a spring its length should increase by a regular amount. For example when you double mass the extension should double. This should work until a spring reaches its elastic limit. The elastic limit of a spring is when the weight (stress) is too much and causes the spring to be permanently deformed and it does not return to its original length .The amount of deformation, as a fraction of the original size, is called strain. Elasticity is the property and the name given to a material that resumes its original size and shape after having been compressed or stretched by an external force. The elastic limit of a spring is determined by the molecular structure of the material of the actual spring. When a force is applied to the spring creating stress within the material, the molecular distances change and the material becomes deformed. Below the elastic limit, when the applied force is removed, the molecules return to their balanced position, and the elastic material goes back to its original shape. Beyond the elastic limit, the applied force separates the molecules to such an extent that they are unable to return to their
An investigation into the effects of a force applied to a spring and the time for it to complete a set number of oscillations
An investigation into the effects of a force applied to a spring and the time for it to complete a set number of oscillations Plan Intro: I am going to investigate the effects of a force applied to a spring and its relationship to the time it takes for the spring to complete a set number of oscillations, when the displacement is constant. While conducting this investigation, I will always bear in mind, that I would like my results to be as accurate and reliable as possible. I have also previously conducted an investigation into the elasticity of a spring, which showed me that the force applied to a spring and its extension as a result of the force applied is directly proportional or constant. Could this imply that the frequency or the oscillations per second have a constant relationship to the force applied also? Safety Safety is paramount in all scientific investigations and this will be no exception. All masses and weights will be handled with care. Masses will not exceed the spring's maximum tolerance so there is no danger of the springs wire breaking. Food will not be consumed in the laboratory nor will drinks be drunk. People will not run in the laboratory. Safety spectacles will be worn so that if, by some unforeseen reason, the spring were to break, eyes will be kept safe. Fair test This will be a fair test by all other variables, within my control, being
What determines the period of a mass-spring system?
Maggie Ming L6Sc (21) Observation: A mass is hanged from one end of a vertical spring. When it is displaced downwards slightly and released, it oscillates vertically. The time (period) for one complete oscillation is always the same. Problem: What determines the period of a mass-spring system? Hypothesis: The period of the oscillation is affected by several factors. The material used to make the spring could affect the period. With an increase in the number of springs used and the weight of mass, there would also be a change in the period of oscillation. Aim: To find out how the above stated factors would affect the period of the oscillation of the mass. Principle: A spring pendulum consists of a mass suspended by a spring from a fixed point. If the bob is drawn aside slightly and released, it oscillates upward and downward in a vertical plane. For this motion of the mass, the period is given by T=time measured/the number of oscillation Equipment and materials: * 10x20g slotted weights * 4 copper springs * 4 iron springs * A retort stand and clamp * A stopwatch * A half-metre ruler Procedure: . Hang the mass on the copper spring and hang the spring on the clamp. 2. Start the oscillation and, at the same time, start the stopwatch to measure 30 oscillations. 3. With the same amount of mass, increase the number of springs used in hanging the mass in
Dark Matter
Dark Matter Introduction Throughout the years, scientists have been looking for the missing mass of the universe; it has yet remained an unsolved mystery. Using different methods, scientists have tried to determine the mass of the universe and surprisingly found a discrepancy suggesting that ninety percent of the mass of the universe is nowhere to be found. Then here comes the term "dark matter", referring to this unfound matter of the universe. It is called dark because it gives off no light and matter because it has to have some mass to be able to explain the effects that they produce. There have been different perspectives about dark matter. Some scientists think that dark matter is in the form of black holes, very massive objects floating around in the universe still unseen. While there are some that believe that dark matter are subatomic particles that never or seldom interact with matter. So how did the matter over dark matter come about? Before we will be able to tackle the issue of the theory of dark matter, when, why, and how it existed, let us first study the evolution of the different studies of the universe. Ptolemy and the Solar System Long time ago, scientists believed that the sun revolved around the earth, they all agreed with the scientist Ptolemy's explanation that the earth was like a stationary globe where other seven planets revolved around it.
Polarisation - what is it and what is it used for?
Polarisation - what is it and what is it used for? Natural sunlight (and most other forms of illumination) transmits light waves whose electric field vectors vibrate in all different planes relating to the direction of transmission. When these electric fields are restricted to a single plane by filtration, the light is said to be polarised as all of the light waves are vibrating in the same plane. When unpolarised light is passed through a Polaroid filter, it emerges with only half the intensity of before, and with all waves travelling in the same plane. This light is now polarised. As unpolarised light strikes the filter, the quantity of waves vibrating in a certain direction are absorbed by the filter. By eye it cannot be seen which direction has been absorbed, but the general rule is that 'the electromagnetic vibrations which are in a direction parallel to the alignment of the molecules within the Polaroid are absorbed.' The alignment of these molecules gives the filter a polarisation axis. The polarisation axis is across the length of the filter and only allows waves that are parallel to the axis to pass through. For instance, a Polaroid filter with its long chain molecules aligned vertically will have a horizontally aligned polarisation axis and will block all vertical vibrations and will only allow the horizontal waves to be transmitted. When an unpolarised
Velocity of a wave in a tank at varying depths of water
Velocity of a wave in a tank at varying depths of water An investigation into how the velocity of a wave is affected by varying the depth of the water it travels through. A tray was filled to a certain depth with water and one end raised to 45mm above floor level. The tray was placed on a folder 45mm high for each experiment so the height from which that end of the tray is dropped remains the same throughout the series of experiments. The sliding out of the folder from under the tray and the starting of the stopwatch was simultaneous so the delay in starting the stopwatch due to human reaction time was approximately cancelled out by the time taken for the tray to fall the 45mm from atop the folder. A folder was selected to hold up the tray because it could be removed, thus allowing the tray the fall, without changing the height of the fall or creating small ripples across the surface of the water which could compromise the reliability of the investigation Once the wave started it was allowed to traverse the length of the tray 4 times before the stopwatch was stopped at the point at which the wave was judged to have reached the same side of the tray from which it had commenced 4 lengths earlier. The wave was allowed to traverse the tray 4 times as opposed to just once because the percentage error was smaller since the error in measurement is fixed and we are measuring over