Sheltered Rocky Shore

inhabited in this zone must withstand the extreme climate

> e.g. periwinkle

Characteristic:

. Have radula to scrape algae on the rock

2. Also feed on small invertebrates

2. Littoral Zone

> This zone is subjected to strong wave, varying environment and great

temperature range, only organisms that can withstand strong wave action

can inhabit in this zone

> e.g. Stalked Barnacle

Characteristic:

.Posses byssus(a tuff of strong filaments)

2.Grow inside the rock crevices

> e.g. hermit crabs

Characteristic:

.have a tail hook to hold fix itself into the snail

2.have claws to hold itself into the snail

> e.g. Small Shore Crab

Characteristic:

.flatten body to facilitate it to stay in narrow

rock crevices.

2.protective colour to conceal itself

> Rock Oyster

Characteristic:

.they combine with the rock to prevent them

form being washed away by strong waves

2.hard shell

> Sea-anemone

Characteristic:

.

3. Sub-littoral zone

> Organisms inhabited in this zone always immerse in sea water, they cannot survive when exposed to air for a long time

* Microhabitat

Crevice

Rock Surface

Rock Pool

Sea water immersion

so-so

no

highly

Number of Organism

so-so

no

many

Temperature

average

High

Cool

Humidity

45%

25%

00%

>

The microhabitat influent the distribution of organisms

> Number and variety of organisms depend on temperature, Humidity etc.

abiotic factors.

> Crevice:

Shaded area have limited light intensity, there is relative low temperature.

Gentle waves provide nutrients to the organisms.

Both factors prevent organisms from desiccation.

But the crevice is too narrow and the surface area is small.

?few organism can survive.

> Rock Surface:

Exposed to sunlight, the animals need to withstand extreme conditions

(eg. high temp and low humidity).

organism face the challenges of desiccation.

?almost no organism can survive

> Rock Pool:

When high tide, food (micro organisms) was brought from the sea water.

The most abundant of nutrient few varieties of species

Organisms need to withstand the fluctuation in temperature and salinity.

?More organism can survive.

Error

. The rainfall in the morning lowered the salinity of the rock pools and seawater.

2. Also, oxygen content and pH value of the rock pools and seawater were affected by the rainfall.

-Improvement: Don't record data just after raining.

3. During collecting water samples, the bottles containing air and hence, the value of dissolved oxygen was overvalued.

-Improvement: Use a bucket tied with a rope to fill up the bottles until all the air bubbles escape.