If a business grows to a certain size then it splits into
many departments. The different departments concentrate, employing
people who specialise in these areas.
The main departments in a business might be:
Department Role
Accounts Provides a detailed record of the money coming in and going
out of the business and prepares accounts as a basis for financial
decisions
Human Resources or Personnel Deals with all the recruitment,
training, health and safety and pay negotiations with unions/workers
Production Makes sure that the production plans are met on time and
products of the right quality are produced
Purchasing Buys all the raw materials and goods required for
production
Sales and marketing Sales function deals with all aspects of selling
to customers; the marketing function carries out marketing research,
organists advertising and product promotion
There are many tasks every business needs to do if it is going to
succeed. Each of these tasks is described as being a function of a
business. The following is a brief introduction to each of these
functions:
• human resources - ensures the business has the best staff for the
job and that they are able to work effectively in a safe environment;
• Finance - will keep a record of all money coming in and going out of
the business. They have responsibility for securing finances for future
expansion and paying staff and suppliers;
• Administration and ICT support - ensure the smooth running of the
business on a day-to-day basis. They have responsibility for clerical
duties, cleaning, computer and software support, security and health
and safety;
• Operations - have the task of producing the goods or service in the
most efficient way. This is done by making best use of the business's
staff, machinery, building and raw materials;
• marketing and sales - will try and maximize the level of sales by
carrying out market research and promoting the goods or service through
a motivated sales team;
• customer service - will help the customer before and after a sale
has been made by providing information, giving advice, providing credit
facilities, delivering goods and providing after-sales support;
• research and development - will help the business remain competitive
by developing new goods and services and updating the existing ones;
• Use of ICT - ICT will be used in each of these functional areas and
it should assist the business in achieving its aims and objectives.
Tesco`s are Cadburys biggest customers. The order comes in from Tesco to the sales department at Cadbury then the sales department send the order details and the sales order details to finance department and to the warehouse (stock control) who make the request for new stock from the purchasing department, then they send details about ...
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by developing new goods and services and updating the existing ones;
• Use of ICT - ICT will be used in each of these functional areas and
it should assist the business in achieving its aims and objectives.
Tesco`s are Cadburys biggest customers. The order comes in from Tesco to the sales department at Cadbury then the sales department send the order details and the sales order details to finance department and to the warehouse (stock control) who make the request for new stock from the purchasing department, then they send details about the purchase order to the financing department also the purchasing department give the orders to the suppliers
Name of Department or Area
What ICT is used
Manufacturing
Software
Cam-computer aided manufacturing
Hardware
Sensors: Metal Detector
Weight sensor
Control: Chocolate depositor
Caramel Depositor
Metal/weight detector
What do they use it for?
The process whereby parts of products are manufactured by equipment which is controlled by a computer.
-Recipe
-Flow wrap
-Packing
How does ICT help?
The computer helps by controlling the way things are done so people don't have to and so then there will be not many mistakes.
What sort of cables, ports and sockets are used?
Input
* Keyboard
* Mouse
* Temperature sensor
* Motion sensor
* Metal detection sensors
* Pressure sensors
* Weight sensors
* Flow rate sensors
* CCTV cameras
* Card reader
Output
* Monitor
* Siren
* Actuator valves
Processors
* Switch processors
Ports cables
* USB
Storage devices
*
Name of Department or Area
What ICT is used
Security
Software
Hardware
• Card access system for employees
What do they use it for?
To keep things in the factory safe
How does ICT help?
It detects who's allowed in and not allowed in what areas.
What sort of cables, ports and sockets are used?
Input
* keyboard
* mouse
* Microphone
* Barcode scanner
* CCTV cameras
* Card reader
Output
* Monitor
* printers
Processors
* switch processors
* main frame
ports and cables
* parallel
Name of Department or Area
What ICT is used
Booking office
Software
• Wincas
-Timed booking system
-80 visitors per 10 mins
-Database visitors information
Hardware
A computer
What do they use it for?
Storeing information on costomers paying and their details.
How does ICT help?
Store information instead of files on paper
What sort of cables, ports, sockets are used?
Input
* Keyboard
* Mouse
* Flow rate sensors
Output
* Monitor
* Printers
Name of Department or Area
What ICT is used
retail
Software
Analyse sales for the day
Hardware
EPOS till systems
Analyse sales for the day
What do they use it for?
They use it to keep track of stock and prices
How does ICT help?
So they don't have to remember the price for the items, it is all kept in the computer
What sort of input devices, output devices, processors, cables, ports, sockets are used?
Input
* Keyboard
* Mouse
* Barcode scanner
* CCTV cameras
* Card reader
* RFID reader
Output
* RFID tags
* Monitors
*
Name of Department or Area
What ICT is used
retail
Software
Analyse sales for the day
Hardware
Epos till systems
Analyse sales for the day
What do they use it for?
How does ICT help?
They use it to keep track of stock and prices
What sort of cables, ports, sockets are used?
Name of Department or Area
What ICT is used
administration
Software
• Microsoft Word (Letters, memos)
• Outlook (Diary, Contacts Email)
• PowerPoint (Presentations)
Hardware
• Compaq, Intel, Pentium 4, 2.53 GHz
• Windows XP
• 37GB of HD memory
• 324 GB of memory via server
• 15" Flat screen monitor
What do they use it for?
Use it for administration purpose instead of writing letters use e-mail.
A lot more memory in them
How does ICT help?
It helps because you don't have to print files just save them.
What sort of cables, ports, sockets are used?
Input
* Keyboard
* Mouse
* CCTV cameras
* Card reader
Name of Department or Area
What ICT is used
retail
Software
Analyse sales for the day
Hardware
EPOS till systems
Analyse sales for the day
What do they use it for?
They use it to keep track of stock and prices
How does ICT help?
So they don't have to remember the price for the items, it is all kept in the computer
What sort of input devices, output devices, processors, cables, ports, sockets are used?
Input
* Keyboard
* Mouse
* Barcode scanner
* CCTV cameras
* Card reader
* RFID reader
Output
* RFID tags
* Monitors
* loudspeaker
Processors
* mainframe CPU
*
Name of Department or Area
What ICT is used
Finance
Software
Excel
SAP
Outlook
Windows XP
Hardware
DESKTOP COMPUTERS
• Compaq, Intel, Pentium 4, 2.53 GHz
• Windows XP
• 37GB of HD memory
• 324 GB of memory via server
• 15" Flat screen monitor
• Networked printers
• Fax machine
All machine on a network
What do they use it for?
Budgeting, Forecasting, Stock Control management, purchasing, ordering.
How does ICT help?
Far less time needed to do all the necessary tasks.
Integrates all the different systems so that they can 'talk' to each other so the people in the finance office can get a picture of all the money that is going out and coming in.
This helps to make sure that the maximum profit is made with the minimum expenditure. Allowing all the system to work together helps to stop any duplication of effort which wastes time and money. The SAP system was bought in especially to help to do this
What sort of cables, ports, sockets are used?
Fibre Optic Cables between sites, Ethernet, USB, Printer servers with Parallel printer ports
Name of Department or Area
What ICT is used
Manufacturing
Software
Cam-computer aided manufacturing
Hardware
Sensors: Metal Detector
Weight sensor
Control: Chocolate depositor
Caramel Depositor
Metal/weight detector
What do they use it for?
The process whereby parts of products are manufactured by equipment which is controlled by a computer.
-Recipe
-Flow wrap
-Packing
How does ICT help?
The computer helps by controlling the way things are done so people don't have to and so then there will be not many mistakes.
What sort of cables, ports and sockets are used?
Input
* Keyboard
* Mouse
* Temperature sensor
* Motion sensor
* Metal detection sensors
* Pressure sensors
* Weight sensors
* Flow rate sensors
* CCTV cameras
* Card reader
Output
* Monitor
* Siren
* Actuator valves
Processors
* Switch processors
Ports cables
* USB
Storage devices
* PC Hard drives
* Tape drives
This is a metal detector and they use it in Cadburys These are cocoa vats, they monitor the cocoa butters
Because they don't want any of their products having temperature and the rise and fall of the cocoa
Bits of the machinery in the chocolate, this is part of butters
Health and safety laws.
ICT used by All Areas of Cadbury
Use
Details
LAN/Ethernet
• 1,200 users throughout UK
• Access central server, share information and facilities
• Sites linked by MPLS (multi-protocol label switching) - fast access
• Small sites linked by VPN (Virtual Private Network) - remote access
Communications
• Video conferencing
• E-mail
• Telephone conferencing
• VOIP
Backups
• Daily
• Some done automatically to another site
• Some backups to tape and physically taken off site.
• Business critical applications (SAP) set up in "cross site" clusters, so if one location was to go down, it would still run.
Customer Ordering
• Small orders inputted by hand
• Large orders eg Tesco inputted via EDI
(Electronic Data Interface)
This will help eliminate human error.
How does ICT help to bring all the parts of the system together?
Cadburys have used ict for over 30 years in their factories and offices. It brings it together because it is all connected within the Cadbury area. If one of the machines breaks down or has something wrong with it the other ones slow down so after it is fixed it can catch up easily.
Cadbury summary
The Cadbury factory uses technology, for example computer systems and robots that run the business in the best and most efficient ways that make as much profit as they can. Automatic technology is used to make the product which reduces waste and always makes high quality goods. When the product has finally been made Cadburys uses robots and other technology's to help keep it and then take it to the customers. Video conferencing reduces travel and so that reduces pollution that is being caused. The use of SAP system is that all the information from the different departments in Cadburys brought together so the company can have the right information and the up to date information on the computer to help plan in advance. By using the networks they can make communications better and it also helps prevent wasted or duplicated efforts as well as making sure that every part of the system works together.
