Sports Equipment -To carry out tests on different types of grip.

METHOD

1. Get out the Running track and the trolleys.
2. Then take out the surfaces and all the equipment needed.
3. Then try your first surface with your first grip.
4. Then put the surface down on the running track and make sure it’s secure.
5. Then put down the trolley with the grip on the wheels.
6. There should be a hook in which your Newton measurer will by hooked in.
7. Make sure the running Track is on a tilt.
8. Then pull the Newton measurer and get the result what is on the Newton measurer.
9. Then write the results down in your book then do the same for the next one.

I did this test on four grips and four surfaces my surfaces areas followed:

1. Cello – tape
2. Sand paper
3. Plastic
4. Wood

These are my grips on my trolleys.

1. Carpet
2. Bubble rap
3. Rubber
4. Wood

These are my four surfaces.

I used the same method as the one above and these are my results.

To make sure these results were right I tested each one of the grips three times on each surface.

Then I did the same for the trainer (shoe) but in the place of the trolley and the running track it was the trainer (shoe) and all types of surfaces used in everyday life. My trainer (shoe) was a NIKE trainer (shoe).

The surfaces are as followed:

1. Wood
2. Floor
3. Gym
4. Concrete
5. Grass
6. Steel floor (lift)
7. Carpet
8. Brick floor
9. Rubber Matt
10. Sports Hall floor
11. English areas floor
12. Grit floor
13. Soil
14. Door Matt

These were the surfaces we measured the trainer (shoe) on.

METHOD

1. Get your trainer (shoe) and the Newton measurer out
2. Hook your Newton measurer to your trainer (shoe)
3. Then slide your trainer (shoe) against the surface and record the results you get from the Newton measurer
4. Then write the results down in your book and do the same for the next surface

My results were very simple and accurate to prove that I did the test three times on each surface. These are the results of my NIKE trainer (shoe)

My results are as followed:

Wood = 4

Science floor = 0

Gym = 1.5

Concrete = 2

Grass = 2.5

Steel floor (lift) = 2.5

Carpet = 2.5

Brick floor = 3

Rubber Matt = 2

Sports Hall floor = 1.5

English areas floor = 2.3

Grit floor = 2.6

Soil = 1.7

Door Matt = 2

I wasn’t very pleased with the results I got like the science floor had no Newton’s measured on the measurer so I decided to compare my results with my friend’s results.

My friend had a FILA trainer (shoe) but he didn’t check his trainer (shoe) on many surfaces but I still took them of him for a comparison.

These are his results and his surfaces.

Wood = 2.1

Lino = 3.5

Corridor = 2.5

Yard = 2.5

Gym = 1.3

 Them were his results I was pretty pleased with them but then I thought that if I’m not sure I always do my test three time so I got some results of my other friend.

He had a NIKE Total 90 Astroturf trainer (shoe) he had the same surfaces as my other friend but I didn’t mind I got his results.

His results we as followed:

 

Wood = 0.6

Lino = 2.1

Corridor = 1.0

Yard = 1.1

Gym = 1.6

His results weren’t so bad either. I was disappointed with my results but at the end of the day they weren’t so bad.

I think that wood isn’t so good for trainers (shoes) after all I think that plastic is good for a trainer (shoe).

If I had to improve this test I would improve it by having more advanced equipment to test the trainer (shoe).

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INTRODUCTION

During the last couple of lessons we have been looking at tensile strength. We are going to check the tensile strength off a lace of a trainer (shoe). We are going to do this by adding weights at the bottom of the lace and see how much weight it can take till it brakes apart.

TENSILE STRENGTH

When a material is pulled apart by forces, it is in tension. When a material is squashed by force, it is in compression. When a force stretches a material, it will increase length, this is called extension. The extension is directly proportional to the stretching force. This is called hooker’s law.

Tensile force    

                                                                                       Tensile        

This steel wire will be stretched on removal of the tensile force the steel wire will go back to its original length.

YOUNGS MODULUS

Young’s modulus gives an indication of how easily a material can be stretched or compressed. A low value material can be easily stretched or compressed. A high value material cannot be easily stretched or compressed.

       (N) Force

    (E) = F I / A e                            value of EXTENSION

       Initial length

    Of sample (mm)

STRESS = force/area

Strain = change in length

              Original length

Strength = of sports equipment

Tensile strength = maximum tensile forces

                              Original cross-sectional

                                          AREA

MATERIALS USED

1. Steel rod
2. Brass rod
3. Copper rod
4. Gold rod
5. G clamp
6. Wood
7. Weights

METHOD

1. First collect all the equipment needed
2. Get the piece of metal you are testing and put it under a piece of wood and then clamp it using a G clamp
3. Then put a number of weights on it till it bends
4. When it bends write down the number of weights it took you to get the rod bend in kg’s or g’s
5. Then do the same for the rest.

I used the same method as the method above.

 I got the following results.

Steel rod = 1.5kg

Brass rod = 1kg

Gold rod = 5.7kg

Copper rod = 900g

I did these tests each three times to make sure that they were accurate. What I think was that if there is a lot of the rod sticking out it holds less weights but if there is not a lot of the rod sticking out it holds a lot more weight. According to my test I did all the tests the same I made sure they were accurate. And that they were all done the same.

Then I did the same to check the lace of a trainer (Shoe) I used the same method as I used to do the rods. But the lace was to hard to brake down so I took a strand out of it and these were the results of a single strand of a lace.

 My results were:

NIKE – 678 N/mm2 that was the strength so to make sure I asked my friend for his results.

His trainer (Shoe) is a FILA trainer (Shoe).

FILA – 117.3 N/mm2 

His results stunned me because I was thinking that it will be around about the same but I had a big difference. So then I asked my other friend for his results he has got a NIKE Total 90 Astroturf trainer (Shoe).

Total 90 – 67.3 N/mm2 

I wasn’t so surprised looking at his results then looking at mine because they were pretty much the same so that was alright but I still think that the FILA trainer (Shoe) has an awful lot of strength.

I think the material that is used for the lace is absolutely right because it has a lot of power for you to pull from it has good grip so your hand doesn’t slip of. I think this is the best material that could have been used for the lace. If they used a different material like plastic or rubber it would not work to good because plastic is hard and it will only stay in one place and it will be hard for you to pull on. So the material they have used is the best material they possibly could have use.

             

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INTRODUSTION

During the last couple of lessons we have been looking at resistance to wear. We will be taking four points of the trainer (shoe) to test. The first one will be the soul the second one will be the inside of the heal the third will be the inner sole and the fourth one will be the toe protector. We will sand them done for one minute to see which one wears down the quickest.

RESISTANCE TO WEAR

Resistance to wear is an experiment to check how fast something wears away. So we are going to do this test on the trainer (shoe) to find out which is the better quality one. Before carrying out this test I am predicting that my NIKE trainer (Shoe) will be the best out of all of them because I have personally worn NIKE, REEBOK and ADDIDAS trainers (Shoes) and the longer lasting ones are the NIKE and ADDIDAS ones but out of them both it’s the NIKE that are the ones which have lasted my a lot. Therefore it means that the NIKE trainers (shoes) are longer lasting meaning that the better material is used for NIKE and I think that, that is why they are the most expensive one out of the trainers. I think that the FILA trainers (shoes) are the ones that will ear away the quickest because they are the cheapest out of them all and meaning that the materials will be cheaper.

PLANNING THE TEST

I order to make this test fair I will sand all the four points of each trainer (shoe) for one minute. And then I will measure them in that way if I sand the four points at the same time limit they will be fair.

MATERIALS USED

1. Wooden Cube
2. Sanding paper
3. Point of the trainer (Shoe)
4. Measuring clamp

METHOD

1. Collect all the equipment and the four points
2. Wrap the sanding paper around the wooden cube
3. Measure one of the points using the measuring clamp
4. Then look at the time and start to sand the point for one whole minute
5. After a minute measure the point again after sanding
6. Then record the results in your exercise book
7. Then do the same for the next one

I followed the method just above and I got the following results

NIKE trainer (Shoe)

HEAL – 0.13 mm

SOLE – 0.39 mm

INNER SOLE – 0.25 mm

TOE PROTECTION - 0.38 mm 

The heal has worn down 0.13 mm

The sole has worn down 0.39 mm

The inner sole has worn down 0.25 mm

The toe protection has worn down 0.38 mm

To make the test accurate I measured it three times.

Then I asked my friend with the FILA trainers (Shoes) for his results and my prediction was getting write so far by the looks of it. because his trainers (shoes) four points had worn down more than my NIKE trainers (Shoes) four points.

His results were:

HEAL – 3.35

SOLE – 0.26

INNER SOL – 2.0

TOE PROTECTION – 2.73

 

As I told you that the materials of this shoe would be cheap and nasty. Apart from the sole all the rest of the material was cheap and nasty

Then I asked my other friend for his results

NIKE TOTAL 90 ATROTURF

HEAL – 0.31

SOLE – 0.0 4

INNER SOLE – 1.34

TOE PROTECTION – 0.40

All my predictions came out to be right as I explained before.

 

I think that the materials used for NIKE were good and the materials used for FILA Cheap

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INTRODUCTION

During these last couple of lessons we have been looking at stiffness meaning to see how much wait the trainer (Shoe) can take. So to test this we are going to do something similar to tensile strength. We are going to cut four parts of a trainer (Shoe) and then add some weights to the end of the trainer (shoe) and keep adding weights till it bends. And when it bends I will note the results down.

STIFFNESS

Stiffness is to see how much weight something can bear before breaking down.

 MATERIALS

1. HEAL
2. SOLE
3. INNER SOLE
4. TOE PROTECTION
5. G CLAMP
6. WOOD
7. WEIGHTS

METHOD

      1)        First collect all the equipment needed

      2)        Get the piece of trainer (Shoe) you are testing and put it under a piece of wood and then clamp it using a G clamp

      3)        Then put a number of weights on it till it bends

      4)  When it bends write down the number of weights it took you to get the trainer (Shoe) bend in kg’s or g’s

5. Then do the same for the rest.

RESULTS

NIKE trainers (Shoes)

HEAL – it took 2kgs but nothing happened  

SOLE – it took 4kgs but nothing happened  

INNER SOLE – it took 3kgs but nothing happened  

TOE PROTECTION – it took 1kgs but nothing happened  

These were my results but my friend’s results much so different

FILA trainers (Shoes)

HEAL – it took 3kgs but nothing happened  

SOLE – it took 3kgs but nothing happened  

INNER SOLE – it took 4kgs but nothing happened  

TOE PROTECTION – it took 2kgs but nothing happened  

NIKE Total 90 Astroturf trainers (Shoes)

HEAL – it took 1kgs but nothing happened  

SOLE – it took 3kgs but nothing happened  

INNER SOLE – it took 4kgs but nothing happened  

TOE PROTECTION – it took 5kgs but nothing happened  

Looking at the results this tells you which ever one was cut longer took more weights but still none of them moved.

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INTRODUCTION

During the last couple of lesson we have been looking at density and floatation.

During these lessons we put objects into water and put a measuring cylinder in front of the metal beaker. As we put the object in there was like a little pipe which let water out into the measuring cylinder and then we would just record the amount of water that fell into the cylinder.

WHAT IS MEANT BY DENSITY?

The density of an object is its mass per unit volume. A piece of lead the same volume as a piece of iron is much heavier because it is denser. So what I am trying to say is the mass is the density. The density of a material is the ratio of the materials mass to its volume (if a materials atoms are closely packed together then density is going to be higher).

UNITS OF DENSITY

If mass is measured in kilograms and the volume in cubic metres then density is measured in kg/m3. if mass is measured in grams and volumes in cubic centimetres then density is measured in g/cm3.

METHOD

1. First of all gather all the equipment needed
2. Then put one point of the trainer (Shoe)for example the heal under the piece of wood
3. Then add weights to the point until it bends down
4. When it bends record how many weights it took for it to bend down
5. Then do the same for the next one

I followed the method above and I got the following results;

By looking at these results it tells me that the more the mass the higher the density.

So then I decided that I do the same for my trainers (Shoes) points.

NIKE –

HEAL - mass 42.1

Volume – 20.5

Density – 2.0536585

SOLE – mass 63.7

Volume – 16.3

Density – 3.907975

INNER SOLE –

Mass – 21.6

Volume – 12.2

Density – 1.7749

TOE PROTECTION –

Mass – 17.4

Volume – 32.5

Density – 0.5353846

I was pretty pleased with my result on the mass, volume and density but still to make sure I asked my friends for his results.

FILA

HEAL - mass - 29.1

Volume – 14.5

Density – 2.006

SOLE – mass 63.7

Volume – 16.3

Density – 3.907975

INNER SOLE –

Mass – 21.6

Volume – 12.2

Density – 1.7749

TOE PROTECTION –

Mass – 17.4

Volume – 32.5

Density – 0.5353846

These where my friends results that the I had asked him for I think that these results where not so good.

So then I asked my other friend for his results and there pretty much the same.

NIKE Total 90

HEAL -

Mass – 31.4

Volume – 23.1

Density – 1.36        

SOLE –

Mass – 23. 4

Volume – 31.1

Density – 0.75

INNER SOLE –

Mass – 16.5

Volume – 12.3

Density – 1.341

TOE PROTECTION –

Mass – 24.7

Volume – 11.4

Density – 2.1666666666666666666667

These results where not so pleasing these results where not well so I am pretty upset with them

EVALUATION FOR ALL

I think that if our school had more money the experiments would be better than they are they are not so bad but they would be better with better equipment. Overall I think that all the experiments went good but I think with better equipment they would be better. The work that I did was went very good and hopefully I am looking forward for more experiments in my future career.