Comparing differnt types of batteries
Power Scalectrix Lap Counter Project Analyse The scalectrix lap counter requires constant low voltage power, for it to work. We cannot use the mains power, as its dangerous and can be fatal if not used correctly. As the scalectrix user age is around 5 to 14. Using direct mains power will be even more dangerous; however we can use transformers to lower the voltage and current. Also we can use batteries to power the project. The many types of batteries out there in the market, these include AA, AAA, C, D, 9v. Also lantern and car can used, however there are less portable and heavier. One major advantage using batteries over mains power is, the counter can be used anywhere. Batteries Zinc Carbon – One of the most basic batteries also it’s a cheaper alternative to the alkaline. This batteries isn’t suitable for projects that require high output also the voltage drops during use. Alkaline – The most commonly used battery and longer life than the zinc carbon batteries. However it will cost you more to buy alkaline batteries than the zinc. Another advantage of the alkaline battery, its voltage level doesn’t fall as quickly as the zinc carbon battery also has much higher capacity which means it’ll provides more amps per hour. Silver Oxide – Very small 1.5V button cell commonly used in watches, clocks, calculators, cameras, and many miniaturised electronics
Page 2 - Specification for my nightlight.
Product Analysis What I will create a night light, where each light will come on at night and automatically switch off in the morning. Who The automatic night light will be made for the use of little children (of both genders) aged between 4-9 years old. When The child’s night light will be used whenever light is needed to brighten up a dark area, this is likely to be during night-time before a child is going to sleep or when a child wakes up during the middle of the night needing to go to the toilet. Why * For night time trips to the bathroom as there will be no need for the child to fumble around for the light switch and no longer will the child feel scared to go to the bathroom in the middle of the night. * For children who need a light to help them sleep or children who prefer to sleep with the lights on to make them feel relaxed. Where The child’s night light will be placed on a bed side table and so must be freestanding and aesthetically pleasing as the child will look at it frequently. Purpose The night light casing must fulfil the following functions: * contain and hold the electronic system * protect the electronic system from damage * make it convenient to carry, use and store the product The PCB and wires are fragile so need to be encased and protected by a hard shell. Also to prevent the child form messing with the circuit. Function To
Page 1 - Target Market for my nightlight.
The target market is for both children and parents/guardians of the child. The child’s automatic night light will be made for the use of little children (of both genders) aged between 2-5 years olds, which therefore must appeal to them and be a product which is both enjoyable for them and safe. However, the night light must also attract the attention of parents/guardians, as they will be buying the product, and so costs must also be moderately low as the product will be aimed and brought by middle-class citizens, earning around £25,000 in a household yearly and so they will have disposable income and will be able to spend £5-£10 on a night light for their child. These parents/guardians will be working either full-time or part-time and will also be family orientated. The child’s night will also be portable and so the parents may enjoy going on holiday with the children. The child’s night light will be used whenever light is needed to brighten up a dark area, this is likely to be during night-time before a child is going to sleep or when a child wakes up during the middle of the night needing to go to the toilet. Therefore, the product, will be beneficial for night time trips to the bathroom as there will be no need for the child to fumble around for the light switch and no longer will the child feel scared to go to the bathroom in the middle of the night. The night
The aim of this investigation is to build and test a sensor, and explaining the characteristic of a sensor and then designing and assembling a measurement system, and using the sensor to make a measurement.
Sensor Investigation: Aim: The aim of this investigation is to build and test a sensor, and explaining the characteristic of a sensor and then designing and assembling a measurement system, and using the sensor to make a measurement. The practical side of this was the most crucial section, to produce an idea that can be implemented into an experiment to gain measurements. I had to show initiative and independence in carrying out the experiment and investigation; this involved producing a plan deciding on resistor value and then using this idea. Also to use knowledge and understanding of physics to devise and plan experimental activities, selecting appropriate experimental techniques. This is to deduce the apparatus to use and in what way to arrange the circuit. It was also essential to demonstrate safe and skillful practical techniques; this was performed by analysing the plan then highlighting and risk assessing the situation. Moreover, I had to make observations and measurements with appropriate precision and record these methodically; hence, the method of measuring was considered such as using a voltmeter and ammeter but also the conditions on the sensor. The final part was to communicate the results of experimental activities using knowledge and understanding of physics. This will be performed and implemented in the report in the form of tables and graphs. Design
Specifications for the Ultra Sonic Proximity Detector
Electronics AS coursework Aim To design and build a proximity detector for the rear of a car that is used when it is parking. The sensor's main objective is to decrease stress for the driver and make the task of parking easier and quicker. The sensor will use ultra sound to detect close objects. Initially the project will produce a simple mechanism to portray the idea, which then can be developed. For example the feedback to the driver could just be a buzzer that comes on when the car is too close. Research I chose to use ultra sound in my sensor, because I have had no experience with the components so it would be a good research topic and hopefully prove to be interesting. The transmitter sends out the high frequency pulses, which reflect off of objects and are detected by a receiver. The longer the time between the emission and detection the more the amplitude of the wave decreases. Also the waves are transmitted in a 20? arc, I was able to find these facts from Rapid electronics company whom sent the ultra sound part I requested. I have also found out that the waves received will still have a low amplitude so therefore a low voltage so a form of amplification is needed. The next slight hitch I found was that the vibrations from the transmitter were also being received along with the pressure waves, to limit this I mounted the ultra sound devices in a piece of
Short story - Speed Demon.
SHORT STORY. SPEED DEMON. It was early, but he could hack it. People were paying good money for him to do this job and he was going to make damn sure that he did it right. The morning dew glistened on his track, and a hazy evanescence could be seen arising from the cold, hard tarmac. He had just completed a previous lap of this, his, circuit, he owned that circuit, it was his, and he made sure that it was his by beating off any rivals who even dared to try and complete it. Waiting...waiting... He was ready. The huge behemoth that was his combustion engine waited, guzzling up diesel as if there was no such thing as the greenhouse effect. His V-12, twin-turbine engine gave off an almost deafening growl. What it lacked in manoeuvrability it made up for in pure power. His hand twitched, his hand reached coolly for the cold hard shaft that was his gear stick, he was keeping the nervousness he felt inside of him as if he were a world-class poker player. He was ready. The light cycle started - red. He had been waiting for this moment for what had seen to be an age. Amber. Glistening, a droplet of sweat condescended down his forehead, finally resting upon his brow. Green. The wheels tore away, as if circular saws with the way that they ripped apart the road from underneath all eight of them. A split second was all that was needed for him to change from first to second gear. He
An electronics firm wishes to introduce a range burglar alarms. This coursework contains the design and a prototype, which has been made for further development by the firm.
Electronics Coursework Problem An electronics firm wishes to introduce a range burglar alarms. This coursework contains the design and a prototype, which has been made for further development by the firm. Possible Projects Brief I have decided to design and make a prototype of a home burglar alarm. Research into Alarms - I have phoned companies, talked to staff at electrical shops, to find the following information. Analysis of commercial alarms From my research into commercial alarms I have found out the following... * All alarms have more than 1 input. * All alarms sound for a time after they have been triggered. * Most alarms sound for a variable time of between 2 minutes and 20 minutes. * All alarms have a sound output of at least 98dB. * All alarms have either a delay between being switched on and being armed or they can be remotely switched on and off from outside the premises. * The better alarms have a small delay between being triggered and the siren sounding. Research into Burglaries - To Catch a Thief The following research came for the television programme 'To Catch a Thief'. The presenters are ex-burglars, who have decided become good to help people prevent burglaries. First the ex-burglars find a house, burgle them (with the householders permission), and then the BBC pay for extra security to be fitted e.g. Burglar alarm, new locks, windows, and
555 Timer Practical.
555 Timer Practical Scenario: A chef requires an egg timer which sounds a buzzer. The buzzer needs to have an adjustable timer, so that different times can be set for the egg to boil. Method: To make an egg timer I will need to make a 555 timer with a variable resistor to adjust the time set for the egg to boil In order to do this experiment, I will need the following components to make the timer: > 9 volt battery > Battery Snap > Switch (s.p.s.t) > 2x 10k? Resistor > 0.1?F Capacitor > 1m? Potentiometer > 220?F Capacitor > 680? Resistor > Light Emitting Diode > Buzzer > PCB Board (Printed Circuit Board) > Connector Wires � Red and Black > 555 Timer + Holder The tools I will require while making the timer are a soldering iron and solder, a mini-pillar drill, and a sucker while making the Timer. I will also need 2 different sized drill-bits according to the size of the holes that I need to drill for the components to fit in. After I have collected my components, I will follow the following procedure: Making the PCB Board I will firstly remove the protective covering from the PCB Board. I
The aim of this investigation is to make a nightlight.
MAKING A DEVICE INTRODUCTION A nightlight provides light at the change of the light- mostly at night. The definition of light night is so that night passers will be able to see more clearly, drivers will be able to drive safely and accidents will be avoided. Nightlight requires LDR (Light Dependent Resistor). The resistor changes its resistance depending on the amount of light it receives. LDR is also used to monitor light intensity level. A resistor, which reduces the flow of current in circuit, is also needed. 555 microprocessor the brain is also needed to control the flow of energy from the power supply to the components. Battery will be used to supply voltage for the circuit. We detect a light level using a LDR. The LDR then send signal to the LED providing us with the output of light. AIM The aim of this investigation is to make a nightlight. The light will be produce using an LED (Light Emitting Diode), which will provide small bright light. LED Diode provides small bright light, and is mostly used in computer, TVs, remote controls, mobile phones, and on many more electrical appliances. LDR Can be used to monitor light intensity level. It changes its resistance depending on the amount of light. 555 microprocessor Looks like spider with its eight legs. It is a small chip, which controls the flow of energy within the circuit- it acts like the brain of the circuit
I decided to look at an electronic dice. After looking at the option I chose this electronic dice because it sounded like it could be fairly advanced.
Dave George Electronics Coursework Aim We have been told for our As-level coursework, we have to design and make a circuit and were given a few ideas. I decided to look at an electronic dice. After looking at the option I chose this electronic dice because it sounded like it could be fairly advanced. This dice is to be used in board games such as 'monopoly', 'cluedo', 'ludo' and 'snakes and ladders' It has to be easy to use and cheap to build. Research For the research section I started looking on the Internet, using search engines and found very little of what I wanted. I used the 'Yahoo UK and Ireland' search engine and searched for 'electronic dice' and 'electronic dice circuits'. This showed up very little of what I wanted. It can up with results for companies that sell electronic dice kits for you to build at home rather than circuit diagrams. I then searched for 'electronic dice circuit diagrams and found... After doing this I decided to go to the library and look in books there and from home. If searched in books including, 'electronic options by P.Gormley, L.S.Hagan and C.C. Atkinson. This had no information on any relevant circuit diagrams but had lots to do with thyristors and relay diagrams. Next I searched on crocodile physics V1.7 for any relevant ideas and found what I was looking for. I found an electronic dice circuit (below) and an electronic counter