Child care unit 2 level 2 - child development 0 to 5 years old.

6 months

Rolls over

9 months

Sitting up without any support

12 months

Crawling and walking may start taking few steps

15 months

Walking and may start throwing a ball

18 months

Running

2 years

Climbing up and down stairs

3 years

Catching objects and stars jumping

4 years

Riding a tricycle

5 yeas

Dancing rhythmically, climbs , skips and hops

Newborn babies have little control over their bodies. As they get older, theses reflexes disappear and babies begin to develop voluntary skills. To gain complete control children will need to master two different types of skills

. Gross motor skills

2. Fine motor skills and hand – eye coordination

Physical development also includes sensory development

Children need to learn to control the muscles used for balance and large movements, such as walking, climbing and large movements, such as walking, climbing and throwing and kicking a ball. These are known as gross motor skills. Control of theses muscles develops from the head down to the shoulders and arms, and finally to the legs. At birth babies hardly move at all, but they soon wriggle and move their legs and arms almost nonstop as they gradually start to learn how to control their movements.

By the time they are three months old they will have begun to control their neck muscles. They will be able to lift their head and turn it from side to side if lying on their stomachs, and should be able to push up on their arms. By the time they are six months they will be kicking strongly and can usually roll over from their back to front. They will also be able to sit for a reasonably long time if supported by cushions. By the time babies are 12 months not only they can sit without support for a long period, they can also move around quickly by crawling or bottom shuffling. They also begin to become cruise about things around them. They also use furniture to support the get up while they learning to walk. At 15 months they should be walking independently but they may need to use their arms to balance. They should also be able to throw large items for example a ball but may lose their balance. At 18 months their gross motor skills will be quite well developed – they will be able to walk without using their arms to balance and may even run although they will often bump into things as they are not yet skilful enough to avoid them. From this stage develop very quickly. At 2 years they can run, jump, kick a ball and walk up and down stairs with two feet to a step while at 3 years old they are even more skilful and are able to hop and jump, walk on tiptoe, throw a ball overarm. At 4 years they are able to push themselves along a tricycle and also balance and control themselves. Finally at 5 years they become more experts on things they can climb and skip. They will also have good awareness of things around them and will be able to run around without bumping into things also they will able to show good coordination, they will enjoy running around playing chase. They will be able to play ball games such as football and dance rthymically to music they will enjoy playing on equipment such as swings, slides and climbing frames