GCSE Unit 3 - Types of Health & Designing a Healthcare Plan.

blood doesn’t clot. A male with this disease would have to ensure he doesn’t cut himself, because he could bleed to death. As a result, he may decide to avoid tackling do-it-yourself jobs at home, taking part in contactsports or having a job that involves sharp objects, such as knives and spades.Disability and illness:When an individual has a disease, they become ill, some people can even become disabled because of their disease. People with disabilities have to find ways to cope with their everyday situation, while people who have no disability will be able to do so easily. Some people with disabilities need a lot of help to do things as they are dependent on their career this is because they cannot do the things independently so their careers have to help them to adapt to their lifestyles.Diet:Each individuals needs to have a balanced diet to stay healthy. A balanced diet should contain the right nutrients to keep our bodies healthy. We should provide our bodies with fats, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, water and proteins.The food an individual eats affects how they look and feel it is important to their health. If an individual takes in more food than they actually need, their bodies will store it as fat which will lead to many problems such as: obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, strokes, tooth decay and cancer. However, under-eating could lead to a number of problems such as: heart failure depression and scurvy. Over-eating and under-eating can both lead to death.My client, Claire has very less money therefore she is not receiving the right nutrients. Claire often diets but then gives up in a couple of days. Eating unhealthy is affecting Claire’s health negatively; however, if she begins to eat healthy it will affect her health positively as she is reducing the risks of her developing any disease or illness. Claire also drinks alcohol every day; this will cause Claire many problems such as she may become addicted it alcohol or may get into depression, which can make her do terrible things, so I would advise Claire to stop drinking, even though it’s difficult.Exercise:Exercise is very important, it improves our strength, stamina and supplement, and it also tones the body. It relaxes an individual, relieving stress and it can also make the individual feel good about them giving them a high self-esteem. Not enough exercise can result to obesity, strokes, heart attacks and many other conditions.My client Claire does not undertake any kind of exercise as she works alone. This will have a negative impact on Claire health as she isn’t toning up her muscles which leads to her putting on weight on, this can lead to obesity and Claire not feeling comfortable in her own body.Alcohol:Alcohol is an addictive substance which people dink on special occasions; it relieves stress, helps people to relax or even to accompany a meal. However, drinking too much alcohol causes illnesses and problems, problems that include: less self-control, become aggressive, makes an individual’s reaction much slower, it can also include depression, cancer, high blood pressure, increased risks and many more problems.My client Claire does drink alcohol every day, this can have a negative effect on her health, it will make her put on extra weight as alcohol contains many calories, so she will fell more depression which will have a negative effect on her health. Drinking too much can lead to slurred speech vision and losing balance. If she continues to carry on drinking like this the symptoms could lead to really serious problems like brain damage, risks of strokes and even high blood pressure.Smoking tobacco:Smoking tobacco is legal, although it has recently been banned in public places. Smoking is addictive, but it can also cause major problems, such as: increased blood pressure, increased heart attacks, narrow the arteries, poor growth, and extra work for the heart, cancer, and gum disease and many more problems.My client Claire does smoke heavily, which has a negative impact on her health. If Claire stops smoking then her blood pressure returns to normal, breathing will be improved, loss of smokers coughs; hair, skin and breath do not smell of smoke, more money available for other use, sense of achievement and many more. However I know smoking is not easy to do and a person should really want to stop. Emotional factors:Community Involvement:Community involvement in a project - for example, raising funds to repair church roof, planning a community use a piece of land, or planning a street party to celebrate some local or national landmark- can improve health and wellbeing of all those who take part. Even the local authority building, for example, new sports facilities can lead to more involvement of many of the local community in something that brings them together. Such projects stimulate the brain (intellectual). Being a useful part of a community can generate a feeling of happiness and wellbeing (emotional) and allow you to make new friends and relationships (social). On the other hand, someone who is not involved in a community can become socially isolated, and their health and wellbeing will decline. One example is homeless people, who may have a little choice about what they eat or what care they take of themselves because they do not have regular access to resources that meet their basic needs. Other people who can become socially isolated include older people who are physically or mentally ill, or live alone after death of their partner. Lack of company can lead to loneliness and depression. Similarly, people become socially insulated by illness, language or cultural difficulties, through loss of status and role in life or through having to live alone in high-rise flats or bed-sits. My client Claire lives on an outskirt of town, in a four-bedroom house. She has access to a swimming pool, fitness center and a multi-use games area nearby. Claire could go to the fitness center which would keep her fit (physically), this way she will be more happier and would accept herself more (emotionally). she will learn new things and learn why it is important to keep fit and exercise in her daily bases (intellectual), this way she would meet new people and may socialize more (socially).This would affect her positively towards healthand wellbeing. Educational Experiences:Learning is something you do from birth. The amount and quality of education you receive will affect your health and wellbeing, as it will determine your choice of jobs and employment prospects and so your income and standard of living. A good education will increase your status in society, making you feel good about yourself and give you a sense of security. For this reason, education is high up to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Culture and religion:The health and wellbeing of a person is influenced by the values, traditions, and way of life and beliefs of the society or group into which that person is born. It is important for you to have opportunities to keep up your cultural and religious needs if you are to have positive wellbeing.Economic Factors:Income:People who can afford to buy a range of healthy foods are more likely to be ill, and so are more able to exercise more (physical). They will also be able to afford to go to a variety of places and take part in a variety of places and take part in a variety of activities, so they would be less bored , and have more opportunities to learn (intellectually), to meet new people and to have good friends (socially). These factors therefore not only affect our health and wellbeing because they allow many of our needs to be met, but also affect our lifestyle. My client Claire works part time job and has to take care of her husband who is retired and is at poor health. This will affect her negatively because she doesn’t get much money due to the fact she works in part time job and would get into depression of money. Occupation:An occupation or job allows us to use enterprise you already have and develop new skills and knowledge, which is intellectually stimulating. It not only provides your income but also gives you an opportunity to socialize and gives your days a routine, so giving you confidence and self-esteem. The type of job affects our health and wellbeing. If you are in a high-powered job, you will usually receive a salary that reflects the pressure you areunder. You might become very wealthy. You might, however, find that you have a lovely home and never have enough time to spend in it; the pressure may affect you badly and cause stress. If you are paid low, even live in poverty, you may feel a kind of pressure, because trying to make ends meet on a limit income is extremely stressful. Physical environmental factors:The environment is everything that is around you, be it your bedroom, home, house, school or the area you live in, from the air you breathe to the noises you hear. Your environment has a major impact on your health and wellbeing. Pollution:We all need clean air and water and proper waste disposal facilities but in many cases these aren’t available because of our modern way of living. Air pollution can cause and aggravate respiratory conditions and can irritate your eyes, nose and throat. Other sources of pollution are pesticides and Hebrides on food, noise (such as aircrafts taking off and drills) that can damage hearing, and even light. In the countryside at night you see the stars; in the city, the lights can stop you seeing the star. A healthy environment can enhance your feeling of wellbeing, whereas a polluted atmosphere can make you feel ill (physical), stopping you going to school to learn (intellectual), making you feel low (emotional) and stopping you going out with your friends (social). Housing:Our housing is where we spend our most of time. If a home is damp, overcrowded, cold and in a middle of a town (urban), you are more likely to become ill, with conditions such as arthritis. Overcrowding can cause infections and diseases to spread and can lead to accidents, sleeplessness and stress. Also your health and wellbeing may suffer it, for example, you live in a high-rise apartment, with no garden space and a broken lift, so the children have nowhere to play. On the other hand if you live in a detached house with a garden in suburbs or the countryside (rural), you will be able to get fresh air and exercise in the garden and sleep well (physical), so that your brain is more alert (intellectual), you feel more happier (emotional) and you are less likely to fall ill, and so able to enjoy an active social life (social) Urban/rural lifestylesAlthough living in an urban environment can accuse problems, some people prefer to live in town. For example, if you are young, single and well pay, you might live in a high-quality apartment, with every modern convince. With double or triple glazing to cut out the noise and no overcrowding, such a lifestyle might increase your feeling of wellbeing. You would be near to libraries, museums and theatres, which would enhance your intellectual life, and close to your friends, so you would always have someone to go out with. You would also be closer to work, so you would waste less time travelling, and near to all services you might need to access. Psychological Factors:Psychological factors can be broken down into two main points. It is to do with the mind and how an individual copes with certain situations. Stress:Stress occurs when you have with certain situations which could either be physical or mental. For example, someone who has an exam will feel mentally stressed, and it could lead also affect their health physically as they stop looking after themselves as they are too focused on studying, this will affect them positively and negatively. Stress can also cause depression which can lead to many other mental illnesses. However, not all stress is bad for us; a little stress can be good for a person. It can make a person feel more focused so they know they have to try to achieve the best in whatever they are doing; this can lead to the person having a high self-esteem and a high self-confidence, as they know they have achieved their target. Claire might be under a lot of stress which can affect her health negatively. Claire works at a part time job, so she doesn’t get enough money as she needs. Her husband is retired so all of the duty of running the house is at her hands. She may not have enough money to buy quality food so this could affect her health and wellbeing as a person. Relationships:Relationships can affect an individual’s health and wellbeing positively and negatively. When a child is young they depend on their families to do lot for them. During childhood is when the child learns how to form a relationships, this will help them as they grow older as they will use the sane social skills. In adolescence, the person begins to rely on friendsemotionally and socially: they will begin to encourage and support each other. They may join clubs which can help them intellectually, physically or even socially and emotionally. They may join sports club which can help them physically, they may join tuition which can help them intellectually and socially, as they are learning new things and also meeting new friends., and these kind of clubs can help them emotionally as they will support and encourage the individuals to do their best and aim high. When they become an adult they will learn to be more responsible, they will become a partner, parent, a neighbor and an employer. They will find it easier to make new friends as they have much more experience and most of the fiends and may be there for the rest of their lives.Health monitoring:A important thing about health monitoring is to make sure everything is the way it should be and it can find out any problems that might cause many other problems, so it is important that the doctor or whoever else finds out the problem at an early stage so the problem can be treated, and also as the professional will be advice the patient and support them to make them feel much better about themselves. It can help the person physically, emotionally, intellectually and socially (PIES). They will learn about the problem which helps intellectually, they support from professionals this helps them emotionally and socially as they are meeting new people and it can also help them physically as they are learning how to cope with the problem. Illness prevention service:Illness prevention services are services which aim to prevent people from becoming ill. An example of this is the national healthy schools programmed, which encourages schools to inform children and young people with the skills and knowledge to make informed health and life choices. It includes delivering a high standard to personal, social and health eating, taking an active part in physical activities and enhancing emotional wellbeing through.Screening:Health screening is a way of checking that certain parts of our bodies are working well. An example of a health screening programmed is the Ashton,Leigh and weigan PCT's find and treat, which aims are to find people between 55 to 74 years old with high blood pressure and then to treat these conditions early. Those who are picked by the scheme will also have the opportunity to discuss lifestyle issues and be referred to service that promote healthy lifestyles, including medication. Other examples include a dental check-up and screening for breast and testicular cancers. Blood pressure:The blood in the body provides all organs in the body with materials that help stay healthy. Blood pressure is the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of your arteries. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters, the pressure changes from person to person, but normal blood pressure at rest is up to 140/90, the top number is the systolic pressure which means it’s the maximum pressure in the arteries and the bottom number is the diastolic pressure which is maximum blood pressure as the heart relaxes between beats.Claire’s has a just high blood pressure which means she is hypertensive so she should be concerned. It is a major problem that needs reducing quickly, either by removing the source of the stress causing it, or by treating either the conditions causing it or the blood pressure itself with medication. If left untreated hypertensive can lead to heart and kidney disease, strokes and even blindness. This will have a negative effect on her health and wellbeing because it can lead to health problems. Peak flow:The peak flow is a measure of the maximum rate, the expiratory flow rate- in liters per minute at which air is expelled from the lungs when you breathe out as hard as you can. Why measure body fat?It is important to measure people’s body fat, some people are obese, which means they are at more risk to high blood pressure, diabetes, arthritis, being underweight can also lead to problems such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Body mass index:Body mass index shows how much fat a person has in their body compared totheir height. This is worked out by dividing an individual’s weight by their height squared. It is important to measure this because having too much can lead to obesity which leads to major health problems like heart disease.Hip/waist ratio measurement:Those who carry their fat around their waist and abdomen are more likely to suffer from the consequences of being overweight. To work out your hip/waist ratio, you divide you hip measurement by your waist measurement. This measure is a much better indicator of risk of cardiovascular disease in people over 75 than BMI, although BMI is a good indicator for younger adults. Body fat composition:The amount of fat you carry is called your body fat percentage and affects your shape because muscles tissue is more compact than fat. If you exercise regularly, you will have smaller body fat percentage and look slimmer than someone of the same height who doesn’t exercise and so has a higher ratio of body fat. The two most common ways of measuring it are by standing on a body fat monitor or by using a skin fold caliper to pinch at certain parts of the body- a gauge measures the thickness of the pitch. This latter method is better carried out by a professional. The average man has 15 per cent to 17 per cent body fat, while the average woman is between 18 per cent and 22 per cent. Blood test:A variety of tests can be carried out on your blood to see that you have the correct levels of certain substances in your body, such as cholesterol, glucose (sugars) and minerals such as sodium. Blood tests can also show whether organs such as your liver are functioning properly.Cholesterol levels:Cholesterol is one of the body’s fat and is used to produce energy hormones and build body cells. It is made in you liver. A fasting blood sample is taken and cholesterol level is measured in millimoles per liter of blood, ormmol/l for short. There are two sorts of cholesterol: a good sort referred to as HDL, and a bad sort, called LDL. The more HDL you have in comparison with LDL the lower the cardiovascular risk.It is possible to have high cholesterol level and a low cardiovascular risk if you don’t smoke, have diabetes or high blood pressure, and have a high proportion of good cholesterol.High cholesterol levels can occur because it runs in your family, your diet is high in saturated fats (such as full-fat dairy products, red meat, prawns) causing your liver to produce more back cholesterol, lack of exercise, being overweight, age, kidney and nerve disease and cardiovascular risk.My client Claire has 4.7mmol/l which means her cholesterol level is desirable, but if she exercises then the cholesterol will decrease making her feel healthier. If she doesn’t then she may become a mildly high which wouldn’t be good for health and wellbeing.Blood glucose levels:The amount of sugar in the blood is also measured in mmol/l and is normally between 4 and 8. It is higher straight after a meal and lowest in the morning. Having a high blood-sugar level can result in diabetes, eye, kidney and nerve disease and cardiovascular risk.Liver function levels:Liver function tests measure amounts of various chemicals in the blood made by the liver. An abnormal result indicates a problem with the liver, so further tests may be needed to find the cause of the liver problem. This could include hepatitis, liver injury, and so long-term alcohol abuse. Pulse rate:Every time your heart beats, it pumps blood into your circulatory system. These beats cause a pulse, or shock wave, that travels along the walls of the arteries. Your pulse rate is the rate (how fast) your heart is beating. It can be felt and so measured wherever an artery crosses a bone, more easily in the carotid arteries in the neck and the radial arteries in the wrist.Pulse rate is measured by putting the tips of two fingers on the radial pulse and counting how many beats there are in 10 seconds, and then multiplying by six to get the number of beats in minutes. This is then the pulse rate in beats per minute.Resting Pulse rate:The average resting heart rate for an adult is between 60 and 100 beats per minute, and for a well-conditioned athlete it can be between 40 and 60 beats per minute. Babies and children have faster pulse rates.It is best to measure your resting pulse rate when you are calm and have been sitting don quietly for at least five minutes. Take at least three readings and work out the average by adding them together and dividing by three.Recovery pulse rate after exercise:Pulse rate increases during exercise and then returns to normal. If you watch an athlete running a race on television, you will notice that they can speak well enough to be interviewed straight after the race. A less fir person would find this very hard, because they would still be out of breath and panting and their pulse rate would still be high Measuring the pulse rate before and after exercise and seeing how many minutes it takes to return to normal is therefore another good way of measuring how fit you are. A fit person will have a shorter recovery after exercise than a less fit person. The predicted maximum pulse rate is 220 minus your age, and the target for a healthy pulse rate during, or just after, exercise, is 60-80per cent of this. For example, for a 22-year-old person, the predicted pulse rate is 220-22= 198, 60% is 119 and 80% of 198 is 158, so his expected pulse rate after exercise is between 119 and 158 bpm. This tells you that, if you are 22, you will become fit when you reach a target pulse rate of between 119 and 158 bpm.Care plans:In this part of my work I am going to write out a care plan for targets that I have given Claire to tackle in order to help her health and wellbeing. Claire targets are:* To improve her diet * To do moderate amount of exercise but keeping consistent * Cut down smoking and drinkingTo improve her diet:The reason why I have made this one of my targets because she has noticed that she has started to put on a lot of weight. I have also chosen this as a target for Claire because she consumes a lot of fast food meal deals, which are very unhealthy. By making this one of Claire’s target it might hopefully tackle her problem with weight and get her used to staying away from unhealthy foods that can cause harm to the human body especially fatty oily foods which can clog up arteries and lead to heart failure.Short term: Short term plan| Break | Lunch| Snack| Dinner| Other| Monday| Toast and a cup of tea| | Fruits salad| | Usual smoking and drinking habits | Tuesday| | Cheese and salad sandwich | Apple/orange| | Usual smoking and drinking habits|Wednesday| Weetabix Fruit/yoghurt| | | Homemade lasagna with salad and water | Usual smoking and drinking habits| Thursday| | Steamed fish with new potatoes and vegetables | Healthy bars| | Usual smoking and drinking habits| Friday| | | |  boiled Pasta salad | Usual smoking anddrinking habits| Weekends| Fruits and vegetables need to consume on both days.| | | | Usual smoking and drinking habits| Note: Only on the meals /snacks with ‘choice’ are the days fizzy drinks can be consumed.The reason why I have kept my short term like this is because there should only be minor changes to Claire’s diet care plan because it would be hard for Claire to all of a sudden eat a large amount of healthy foods, so that is why I have given Claire just a few things she has to change about her diet. I have given Claire the weekends where she can eat what she likes but would have to make sure she consumed fruits and vegetables because this is letting her slowly get used to eating healthy but not putting pressure on her. After two months slight changes are likely to occur with her weight if she uses here care plan because of improvements made to her diet.I have started off on Monday with a lot of fruit. I did this so she could get used to consuming fruits and her vitamins, I made sure I didn’t suggest a lot of fruit on Tuesday because Claire may get fed up of eating so much fruit because it’s too much of a change and then decide to not stick to the care plan I did suggest healthy snack bars, this way a Claire can have her sweet foods but are healthy at the same time. On Thursday and Friday I have decided to go for boiled foods which will help her get used to eating tasty not fatty foods like carbohydrates which provides energy and vegetables for vitamins and minerals.I have chosen foods that she doesn’t have to give up too much time to on making the foods she wants to eat. If I did start the care plan like this she shouldn’t follow the care plan because it is taking up too much of her time and it might get hard for to get used to get used to giving too much time cooking or buying food, so that is why it is important to give her easy cooking foods.I have made sure that she consumes a lot of fruit because then she will be prepared to eat fruit on Monday she will get slightly used to it after a week or so. It is important for me to have given Claire the choice to eatwhat she likes for the weekend because this is a short term diet plan and we cannot make vast changes because it will be hard for her to mentally be okay with sticking to an extremely controlled diet.Medium term plan:The reason why I have made a medium plan is because I feel that if Claire makes a jump from short term to long it will be very hard for her to go eating most of the food she prefers in a large amount of foods that I have decided she should eat. It will be difficult for her because she won’t be psychologically prepared to do this and might avoid using the plan. So the medium term plan will help consume more healthy food, leading to more amounts. The medium term plan is like a bridge which helps Claire gets from the short to the long term plan.Medium Plan: Medium plan| Break | Lunch| Snack| Dinner| Other| Monday| Toast and a cup of tea| Spaghetti Bolognese | Fruits salad| Baked potatoes and vegetables| Usual smoking and drinking habits| Tuesday | | Cheese and salad sandwich | Apple/orange| | Use nicotine patches and smoke 2 cigarettes less than normal| Wednesday| Weetabix Fruit/yoghurt| Chicken with pepper with tortilla wraps| | Homemade lasagna with salad and water | Use nicotine patches and smoke 2 cigarettes less than normal| Thursday| Scrambled eggs and brown bread toast with no butter| | Bowl of salad no extra sauces added.| | Use nicotine patches and smoke 3 cigarettes less than normal| Friday| | Cheese and salad sandwich | | Grilled chicken salad and rice| Use nicotine patches and smoke 3 cigarettes less than normal| Saturday| Zero sugar biscuits and hot drink| | Fruit bowl| Pasta salad| Use nicotine patches and smoke 4 cigarettes less than normal| Sunday| Kellogg’s fruit cereal| Pasta salad| Carrots| | Use nicotine patches and smoke 4 cigarettes less than normal|Note: only meals/ snacks with ‘choice’ are the days fizzy drinks can be consumed.I have made sure she has started to eat a lot of healthier foods and have included a lot more carbohydrates. The reason to why I have kept the medium term diet more controlled then the short term because at this point Claire will start to notice change in her weight and notice that her diet is helping her lifestyle positively and would maybe have made a lot of progress when comparing her weight to what it used to be like before using the plan.Giving her less options and choices of her own foods she wants to eat should help her realize that she gotten for 2 months so she can go further helping her from getting serious illnesses And not being moderately obese anymore. I have included things like biscuits and cereals into the breakfast like others as long as she controls how much salt and sugars she consumes.The lunch’s I have decided she should consume contains a lot of carbohydrates which give Claire energy which will help Claire in a target I have given Claire to do with moderately exercising. Carbohydrates can help to put on more weight but the second target can help tackle this problem (moderate exercise). The energy from the carbohydrates will also help her out with day to day activities.Snacks are mainly fruits and vegetables which will help her skin and look healthier which will raise her confidence because the foods she’s eating is helping her look better. Realizing that these foods are helping her look well might encourage her to continue using the care plan.The dinner involves baked and grilled food I have done this to avoid oily foods to help Claire stay away from becoming very unhealthy and severely obese rather than reducing her weight and becoming plump. I have also avoided oily foods to help her from getting serious illnesses. Cutting down the amount of cigarettes a person smokes is difficult so I slowly reduced the number as well as giving her other alternatives to stop the cravings. If Claire occupies herself doing by other things or takes up other hobbies for example, reading, knitting then it will suppress hercarving because she is thinking else. The mid-plan was harder for Claire than the short term as she finds it difficult to stop smocking; however it prepared her for the long term plan. If Claire stops smoking than her blood pressure will decrease and become more regular. Not only will her health pick up but she will be saving herself a lot of money as keeping up a cigarette habit is ever expensive. Long term care Plan: Long Term:| Break | Lunch| Snack| Dinner| Other| Monday| Toast and a cup of tea| Spaghetti Bolognese | Fruits salad| Baked potatoes and vegetables| Nicotine patches and smoke 4 less cigarettes | Tuesday | Cereal| Cheese and salad sandwich | Apple/orange| Boiled potato’s| Nicotine patches and smoke 5 less cigarettes | Wednesday| Weetabix Fruit/yoghurt| Chicken with pepper with tortilla wraps| Fruits or vegetables| Homemade lasagna with salad and water | Nicotine patches and smoke 5 less cigarettes| Thursday| Scrambled eggs and brown bread toast with no butter| Tuna pasta with sweet corn.| Bowl of salad no extra sauces added.| choice| Nicotine patches and smoke 4 less cigarettes| Friday| Choice| Cheese and salad sandwich | Cranberries | Grilled chicken salad and rice| Nicotine patches and smoke 3 less cigarettes| Saturday| Zero sugar biscuits and hot drink| Baguette| Fruit bowl| Pasta salad| Nicotine patches and smoke 3 less cigarettes|Sunday| Kellogg’s fruit cereal| Pasta salad| Carrots| choice| Nicotine patches and smoke 3 less cigarettes|Note: only meals/ snacks with ‘choice’ are the days fizzy drinks can be consumed.This is the long term so I have decided to fill up each meal of the day and have only left 3 meals/snacks to choice for her to choose what she likes to eat. By this point Claire could possibly be feeling extremely confident and independent because she has managed to stick to eating balanced meals and would have hopefully lost a lot of weight rather than putting it on. I have also made sure she has an option on some meals so she has a rough idea ofwhat kinds of foods she should stick to eating, because by this point she would be used to eating healthy foods and would see the difference between the kinds of food she was eating before and realize that she will stick to the healthier option especially because now she has the confidence to make better decisions for her lifestyle.Although the meals I have chosen are healthy they are balanced out which means she has a variety of foods to eat. It is important for Claire to know that she does not have to stick to this care plan in the future, but it is important for her to stick to eating foods like this and sticking to avoiding oily foods and not drinking so much to affect her health. She must also make sure the foods she eats help her to want to reduce her weight from moderately obese. Although she does not have to stick to the plan it is very likely that she will become she might have gotten used to eating so much fruits and carbohydrates for energy and boiled foods rather than fatty foods. What she might do is stick to eating similar foods just changing what days she’ll have the different foods on.If Claire does stick to the eating healthy she will end up improving how she looks at herself and realize that she is a lot more healthier now because of her weight she’s managed to lose weight. Being able to stick to plans like this for a long time, help an individual improve how confident they are generally, so maybe Claire would have become very confident with anything she does. If she continues with these changes then it will ensure that her measures of health will improve drastically. If she cuts down her alcohol consumption, stops smoking, has a healthier diet and exercises regularly then she will be a new person. She will lose weight and become toned and fit which will improve her pulse rate. Not only will these improve her measures of health, mindset, health and wellbeing but it will also mean all her needs are fully met. If she has a jog in the morning instead of a cigarette then she will start the day motivated and happy which will help her emotionally and keep her going throughout the day. To do moderate amount of exercise but keeping consistent:I have made this a target because when I worked out Claire’s BMI I realized she is moderately obese and if she doesn’t burn of the fat and calories and just puts on more weight she will become severely obese which will affect her health in serious ways and lead to serious illnesses and further problems for her. Short term plan:Short term| Morning:| Afternoon:| Evening:|Monday| | | |Tuesday| | | 5 star jumps|Wednesday| 10 minute walk| | |Thursday| | | |Friday| | | |Saturday| | | 10 sit ups|Sunday| | | |The reason why I have kept the amount of exercise Claire does to a minimum amount is because it’s far too early for Claire to not only is mentally being prepared to exercise but also physically. I have stuck to a small amount of exercise for the short term plan because this means Claire will only have to give up little time a day to make slight changes so she can start to feel a bit more confident in herself because she’s trying to lose weight and might start to realize she can do it and might make her want to continue doing exercise and being prepared to do exercise for a longer amount of time each day I have started with just doing 10 sit-ups a week because she may not be able to handle doing more than that a week because of her body isn’t used to it and is moderately obese but no introduce her to it I did bring in the sit-ups in the short term plan so she becomes used to it and develops a habit of doing them so later so she can do a larger amount of sit-ups in one go. Medium term plan:Medium term| Morning:| Afternoon:| Evening:|Monday| | | |Tuesday| | | 10 squats|Wednesday| 15 minute walk| | |Thursday| 10 star jumps| | |Friday| | | |Saturday| | | Ball exercises for 10 minutes |Sunday| | | |I have kept the medium term plan so that is easy for Claire to go from minor exercises to a lot more exercising in the long term plan. So this point of the medium term plan is to have more exercises than the short term plan and have less than then the long term plan, so Claire can make more progress comfortably and not feel like she has to avoid the plan because it’s too difficult for her. I have added a few more confident and independent and realize progress is being made, so by the time she gets to the long term care plan she will feel more comfortable independent and confident with exercising and might start to realize she has lost weight and had managed to deal with becoming obese. I have decided to introduce jogging for 15 minutes because she’s now physically capable of it. I have also introduced exercising with a ball and squatting. Using the exercise ball to lose weight would be a really good idea for Claire because she’ll realize that she can lose weight whilst having fun and trying out many techniques with the ball like lying front ways on the ball and lying back ways on the ball. I have introduced squatting as a weekly exercise because I think squatting will help tine Claire legs especially thighs. By this point Claire might have gotten used to doing 10 sit-ups so it would be appropriate to challenge her and make her do more than sit-ups so that’s why I have increased the amount she does.Long term care plan:Long term| Morning:| Afternoon:| Evening:|Monday| | | |Tuesday| | | 15 sit-ups/ball exercise|Wednesday| 30 minute walk| | |Thursday| | | |Friday| | | |Saturday| 15 minutes jog/20 minutes’ walk| | |Sunday| | | |In my long term I have given Claire the choice of doing Sit-ups and ball exercise because I feel that by this stage she might have the confidence to decide what she would like to do. I have also given Claire the choice of jogging of 15 minutes or walking for 20 minutes because at this point she might start to feel a lot more independent is it is okay for her to decide what she feels its best for her. Doing these exercise might influence Claire to start exercising with her friends and family , so she can make exercising an important part of her life in the future, this might also help avoid having social drinks with her friends because rather drinking with her friends; she would be exercising. She might feel like she can inspire other people to exercise like her because of her confidence she has gained from the plan. At this point where she reaches the long term she will probably have different views on certain life choices she used to make, like not walking as often or jogging as much. She might realize that everyone should looks after their health and if she continues to look after her weight and physical fitness she could become a suitable role model for other woman and this would make her value herself leading to a high self-esteem.Difficulties:My client may find it hard to adapt to the care plan as it has been her daily routine for so long ans she may find it hard to adjust as, lack of support from her mother may cause her to release back into her old ways and to give up. This is why i suggested in the short term care plan to only given her three days a week so for her to slowly adjust plus i have tried to fit the actives into her daily life as possiable so she doesnt feel as if her whole life has had a dramatic change for example simple things as in walking to school gives her the incentive that she is losing weigth and becoming healthy without changing her daily routine. My client Claire need to ensure that her taht she keeps a balanced diet, this means having a take away every so often as well as having fruits and having cooked meals as long as my client doesn't fall abck into her same routine. i have also suggested on the care plan that i have given her a chance to eat whats she wants in the careplan so she is able to feel as if she is in control of what she eats and is able to have sweets once a while , but to ensure teh main thing she eats is healthy. My client may also get influenced into not doing the correct thing and sliding back into her original lifetsyle of smoking. however i would suggest to her to go to other places such as a fitness centre so she can make new friends and meet new peoples who have different hobbies and interests who will influence her to do the right thing and becoming ehr own person in addition to her wanting to feel happy in her apparence and i feel that after she heared the risks of what alcohol and otehr substances can do to apparence i do not think she will be willing to risk he r apparence because she is body conscious.Health promotion materials:Health promotion materials provide advice, information and support with the aim of helping people to take more responsibility for their own health. These materials come in many forms, including leaflets, articles on the internet, books, posters, DVDs, podcasts and campaigns on the television. If we were to produce health promotion materials, here are some of the factors you should consider. There should be a suitable for the target audience for example if a leaflet is designed to encourage children under the age of 10 to clean their teeth regularly, it must have words that they can read and actually understand which would have lots of colorful pictures, with children and animals in, to keep their interest. It should be easy to understand so people won’t lose interest in information delivered using lots of long words, jargon and medical terms. The most important it needs is it has to be attractive so someone is more likely to read something if it is presented with colors, with pictures and diagrams, and with key words or phone numbers standing out and on their own so they are easy to pick out. It should be easy to read so information written in small point size or the fancy font will not be accessible to those who do not have perfect eyesight, and will look like too much hard work to read even to those with 20:20 vision. In addition it should be attention grabbing for example, a television campaign to stop someone smoking has more impact and is more memorable if it has stock value, such as one that shows a child upset because her father is dying of lung cancer, and then shows a fatherbreathing with great difficulty using an oxygen cylinder. It should be in your face so every box of cigarette has a government health warning printed clearly and boldly on it. Lastly is should give the information that is required information; it should be entertaining so it will grab a person’s attention. These promotions materials should come in variety of languages which is necessary in out multicultural society, so that all can access the information they need. It should be in different forms so on leaflets and on CDs with signing for those who have a hearing impairment, and in Braille or on audio tapes for those who are visually impaired.Support:If my client feels that she may be relapsing or beoming lazy , she can acquire two types of support informal and formal. Formal support is from professionals who offers a service and is qualiffield to do so, so if my client feels like talking to her doctor about what she can do to lose weigth safely or goign to the gym at her local leisure centre and asking advice of what i sthe quickest wat to lose weight, formal support from trained preofessionals within a certain type of field and are able to give you advice on it. Getting advice from a professional can benefit my client by giving her all the correct advice and how to help improve her health buy giving her the facts of what to do correctly for example a doctor can tell her the advantages to crash dieting and how it affcets the body. Claire's GP will be able access other external agencies realting to her age group or her circumstances at the time. i.e: Nutrition for teh correct calorie intake for her age/gender/weight. Refferals to leasuire centres will be prescribed excersice plans that suit her needs. This will help Claire because she is independenly attempting to seek help and support for her own helath and wellbeing. She is proactive on obtaining goals she desires and it is all in support of her own needs, emotional wellbeing and interests. Claire will benefit from these interventions as they are ongoing and consistant. Then, is she feels she is going to lapse at anytime, these professional are accessible. Informla support is when a person who has no qualifications about the topic but can still give you advice from their own previous knowlegde. Support:Informal support:Informal support is not paid for and is provided by family and friends and neighbors. If, for example Claire is trying to lose weight you could ask them not to give you any gifts for chocolate at Christmas, to cook low-fat meals if you go to their houses to eat, or to make sure they encourage you to stick to your diet when you are out shopping or for a meal. Formal support:This is provided by health and social care practioners who are professional careers. You might need this if you have no family nearby or you need more specialists help. You may need to pay for this support. For example, you could pay join a support group such as slimming club, or have hypnotherapy to help you give up smoking. You might receive help free; for example you doctor may refer you to a dietician to help you stick to a weight-loss plan to a counselor to help with a stress-reduction plan. Voluntary and faith-based services:Voluntary services are organized by people who often five their services for nothing. There are voluntary support groups for most serious or chronic illnesses. For example someone with diabetes could approach Diabetes UK, which is a charity, for help with sticking to a health plan to control his or her diabetes, when first diagnosed. Faith-based services support people of their own faith and might include a local church group that organizes lots of different physically active activities, which a young person could benefit from it following a plan to become fitter.