Investigate how the temperature of hydrochloric acid effects the reaction between hydrochloric acid and marble.

Diagram:

Apparatus:

• 2 beaker
• measuring cylinder
• Test tube
• Stop watch
• Water
• Marble
• Hydrochloric acid
• Water bath
• A rubber bung
• Gas syringe
  

Method:

• Put 1.15 of calcium carbonate into the test tube.
• Place the rubber bung connected to the gas syringe.
• Immediately start the stop watch and record the time.
• Repeat the experiment five times at different temperatures.
• At the following temperatures 10oc, 20oc, 30oc, 40oc, 60oc.
• You need to add some water to make part of the solution with the hydrochloric acid.

Safety:

• I will wear safety goggles throughout the investigation.
• I will be careful so as not to spill any acid, but would ensure there was nothing near the experiment that could cause an accident or be damaged if an accident did occur.
• In this experiment I will have to make sure I am careful with all glassware in case it breaks and if it does to make sure it is immediately cleaned up. As I will be using a conical flask its wide bottom gives a more secure base.
• I will ensure that I do not use too much acid, which could escape and spill when the temperature is raised. Also, I must be careful especially with the stronger morality acid because it will be corrosive so I must make sure I do not spill it on my hands or more especially in my eyes. One way to avoid this is to be extremely careful and wear safety goggles.

Fair test:

To make sure that the test is done as accurate and as fair as it can be:

• I will not change the amount of marble in each test this is because I want to make it consistent
• I will change the amount of water this will show if a weaker acid will change the reaction rate.
• I will also change the amount of acid to show if it will make the reaction quicker by the quantity of acid I add.
• I will keep the time same ,so that each test will have the same amount of time to react and this will then show what effect different amount of acid , water and the temperature will have.
• I could make sure that the temperature is the same by using a water bath to insure that the temperature would be kept constant. The more kinetic energy means that the particles will move faster, and this means that there will be more collisions, and therefore a more successful reaction.

Results:

Graph Analysis:

As I can see from the graph that it is straight line, so it means that as the temperature of HCL increasing the amount of gas given is also increasing. This is due to the kinetic theory. The more heat that is given to matter, the faster the particles moves. The faster the particles move, the faster the reaction rate due to more collisions between the marble chips and the acid. It proves my prediction because the graph shows me that as the temperature is increasing, the reaction is going faster. I can see this because more gas is given off.

Conclusion:
My prediction was successful you can see on my results when the temperature of HCL increases there is more gas is given off because there is more collisions between particles which is an evidence that my prediction is right. In fair test I find out that if I change the temperature in the experiment it will affect the experiment.

Evaluation:
I think that the experiment went very well. This is because I got all the results that I expected and they look very conclusive. I felt I have accurate results to the best of my ability and so I am able to make a good conclusion. From looking at my results I can see that there were no poor results which were a good thing and it proves that everything went very well. The only possibility of error was if the temperature of the acid had changed from when I did the first reading to the end i.e. from when I did the first experiment the room temperature did not change and, hopefully the acid would have been the same temperature. From looking at my results I am able to conclude that the more concentrated the acid the quicker the reaction happened and the more gas was produced. Before I did the experiments I predicted that the more concentrated the hydrochloric acid was the quicker the carbon dioxide would be produced. This was completely correct because what I thought did happen.

At this point I am able to answer it my aim which was how the temperature of hydrochloric acid effects the reaction between hydrochloric acid and marble? The answer to this would be that by changing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid it will either make the rate of reaction slower or quicker and more or less gas would be produced depending on whether the concentrations were more or less.