Volumetric Analysis

Aim

The aim of this investigation is to find the various measurements of concentration (Also called the morality) of acid that will neutralise 1 mole of sodium hydroxide. This is found using the titration method.

Prediction

I predict that the volume of acid that will be used to neutralise the given solution would depend on the concentration. The more acid I add to an alkali, the more neutral it will become. If I add too much acid, the solution will not neutralise, so therefor it will turn to an acidic solution. This happens in all scientific experiments.

Apparatus

1x conical flask

1x burette

1x clamp stand

1x 50ml bottle of universal indicator (any amount as long as it can do 40 drops)

1x solution 1 – HCI (Hydrochloric acid)

1x solution 2 – H2SO4 (Sulphuric acid)

1x solution 3 – HNO3 (Nitric acid)

1x White tile

1x measuring cylinder

1x funnel

1x safety glasses

Diagram

Safety with apparatus

Do not shake the conical flask too vigorously or the solution will spill.
Always be prepared for a spill.
Make sure that the burette is closed when not in use.
Do not fill the burette right to the top.
Make sure the clamp stand is held tightly by your partner.
Make sure the burette is held tightly by the clamp stand.
Make sure the solution are put in a safe place and is not put on the edge of the table.
Make sure every solution, liquid, etc, solutions are put in a safe place and is not put on the edge of the table.
MAKE SURE YOU HAVE YOUR SAFETY GLASSES ON DURING THE WHOLE EXPERIMENT.

Fair test and accuracy

When reading, eye must be level with meniscus to read the burette.
We will also wash all equipment when doing the other solutions. This is due to the different solutions mixing, so they give a different compound. We wash these in water because when you mix an acid or alkali with water, the pH level will not change since water is neutral. If we did not use water or anything neutral, then we will be changing the solution and this factor can give us inaccurate results.
THESE MEASUREMENTS MUST BE PRECISE.

Method

Collect equipment
Make sure there are no safety hazards in their way.
Pour solution 1(HCI- Hydrochloric acid) into the burette up to 0 ml on the visual measurement reading on the burette.
Add 25 ml of sodium hydroxide into a flask.
Add 10 drops of Universal indicator solution into the sodium hydroxide using a dropper.
Open the tap and run the acid, from the burette drop by drop.
Wait until the conical flask has turn Green (neutral, The end point, which happens when the titrant and the amount of stuff being titrated is equal), while ...