Discrimination and Gender Issues In Sport
Discrimination and Gender Issues Discrimination affects a lot of different groups throughout sport. One of the most commonly known types of prejudice is the discrimination of race (blacks). There have been endless occasions when athletes have suffered abuse by sections of spectators attending numerous sports, however it is not just the spectators who hurl abuse, fellow athletes also take part in the racist chants and comments whilst on field and in competition. The sport in which this problems arrives the most would be soccer. When the English national team play abroad in European countries such as Slovakia, the abuse in which players like Emile Heskey of Liverpool and Ashley Cole of Arsenal are subject to is absolutely appalling. Emile Heskey of Liverpool speaking of the incident stated, "I wouldn't put my family through any of that as an England fan abroad, you would have thought that everyone's minds would have changed by now but it's still the same." (www.icnewcastle.co.uk) Action needs to be taken against the racist abuse that is being hurled towards black players and this action must be more severe than the £13,000 which was handed to PSV Eindhoven for the abuse in which Arsenal striker Thierry Henry withstood in the match in Eindhoven in September 2002. Just recently I.T.V commentator 'Big Ron' Atkinson was forced to resign following a racist remark made towards
Drugs can improve your speed, reaction time, endurance etc, so performers take them to ensure they can perform at their peak. However with strict drug testing procedures these days performers find it very
Physiological Aids Introduction People within sport use drugs due to the increasing pressure on athletes to win, be the best and the huge rewards brought to sport by commercialisation. Due to this some athletes are tempted to improve their physique or performance by using drugs or taking banned substances. Many top sports stars have been found or recorded to have taken drugs in order to improve. Sports people generally use drugs to improve their performance in a particular event or competition or to improve their ability to train harder and longer. As media coverage has grown in recent years so has the rewards for winning competitions. This has placed some performers under great pressure to succeed. Some performers will take drugs to win competitions and the rewards that go with them. Others will take them out of the desire to win at all costs. Drugs can improve your speed, reaction time, endurance etc, so performers take them to ensure they can perform at their peak. However with strict drug testing procedures these days performers find it very difficult to get away with it, and many get caught and face long term bans. Short-term effects depend on the type of drug being used. Generally short-term effects include pain blockage from an injury, lower heart rate, reduced anxiety and slower breathing rate. Drugs are chemicals that can affect the body chemistry and how it
Sport and Drugs: An example of deviant behaviour?
Ethics in Sport Sport and Drugs: An example of deviant behaviour? Vic Kerton -University of Gloucestershire Introduction The use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport is only one example of what appears to be an increase in deviant behaviour in sport over the last 40 years. Other examples of deviant behaviour, where participants attempt to gain an unacceptable unfair advantage over their competitors, include the 'professional foul', intentional disregard for the rules and the use of modern technology. Advantages are also obtained by social and economic position and by rights of birth but these advantages are not considered unfair. For example should people who happen to live in a mountainous environment be banned from Winter Olympic events because they have an advantage over lowland people? Should Africans who have an advantage over lowland people in distance events because they live their lives at altitude be banned from these events? Should those people born with the social and economic advantages over others because they can afford the best equipment and coaches also be banned from sport because they make use of their advantages. Many of these advantages are considered legitimate and not punished by sports authorities. So why is the use of drugs considered unfair advantage and the people who use them singled out for special treatment? Throughout sport history athletes
The ways in which elite athletes manage stress within their sports.
Lycette Clarke: 5/4/2007 I am going to look at the ways in which elite athletes manage stress within there sports. I will use case studies. Stress effects both the average performer and elite sports athletes, it can lead to depression, insomnia, heightened anxiety, gastrointestinal distress, appetite loss and has been shown to affect the ability to focus on skills and flow in a performance. There are many causes of stress within athletes. Such as injury, mental fatigue, when it is thought that what is being asked of an athlete is beyond their perceived abilities, when too much is asked of the athlete in too short a space of time When unnecessary obstacles are put in the way of achieving goals. Some of these things are intrinsic and some possibly less are extrinsic. It is these factors, which cause most stress in elite athletes. An extreme example of this is female skier Picabo Street (two-time Olympic medallist, gold (Super G in 1998) and silver (downhill in 1994) who was in a major skiing accident in Switzerland 1998. It was the final downhill race of the season in Crans Montana, Switzerland and at split-second speed; Street lost control making a turn around a gate near the top of the course and lay fallen with a broken left femur and a torn right knee ``I went through a huge depression,'' Street said. ``I went all the way to rock bottom. I never thought that I ever
Nationalism, Sexuality, Violence, and Cricket.
Nationalism, Sexuality, Violence, and Cricket In his essay From Game to War, Alan Dundes creates a strong link between the aggressiveness males show both on the field of war and on the filed of play. He believes that this instinct that is shown in sports to check, push, trip, tackle, and hit one's opponent is the same instinctual characteristic shown by soldiers in the army. This masculinity that is manifested by these athletes and warriors come from one single root. Both soldiers and athletes, he argues, attempt to feminize their opponent through aggression and not stop until their opponent has completely sacrificed.1 Since these athletes manifest similar aggression and violence to soldiers and fighters, the fans, or fanatics, watching often inherit these characteristics. For example, in India, and all of South Asia in fact, cricket has become the sporting craze. It has become this craze for numerous reasons. Firstly, it is the sport that unified the country while under British-rule and helped them achieve their freedom. Secondly, it is one of the few sports countries, such as India, excel at on the international stage and thus the fans rally behind their players. Thirdly, and most importantly, the huge rivalries that exist between countries such as India and Pakistan often mirror the amount of tension that is relevant on the international political stage between the two
Components that Influence Health
Components that Influence Health 2th September 2001 It is important that a professional athlete does not take any illegal substances and does not take in too many alcoholic substances. Also, any professional athlete should not smoke. For example, an athlete such as Colin Jackson (110m hurdles), would not smoke because it can decrease lung capacity and affect many parts of the body that are crucial to his success. Also, over indulging himself in alcohol would result in his body losing shape and fitness. This is why professional athletes stay away from substances that can do harm to the body in order to keep themselves in peak condition. Athletes should be more aware and careful of not only the dangers of sex but of illnesses that can start in the sex organs and related parts of the body. By acting responsibly the dangers can be overcome. For example, as a young player in the premiership with a lot of money Michael Owen finds girls will throw themselves at his feet. If he were to take one of these home with him he should make sure that he uses a condom to protect himself from sexual diseases. Also, getting regular check ups can help to prevent diseases, and early detection of diseases such as cancer can save a lot of time and most of the time saves lives. For example, Alan Stubbs got testicle cancer and he responded well to treatment and managed to get away with his life
Are most major Athletes just spoiled brats?
Are most major Athletes just spoiled brats? Introduction In recent year there has been much controversy surrounding the lives and he behaviour of modern sports stars much of this controversy relates to drug taking, violence, financial rewards and arrogant behaviour perhaps some of the best examples of this situation would be found in Football and rugby Page 1 ...... Financial rewards are to high. Page 2 ...... Tough training schedules. Page 3 ...... Lack control on there tempers. Page 4 ...... Media pestering. Page 5 ...... Drug taking. Page 6 ...... Serious injury due to pressure to do well. Page 7 ...... Lack of interest in the game more into advertising Page 8 ....... Upset of family life. Page 9 ...... Luxury they lead. Page 10 ..... Brief career. Financial rewards are too high Do people's earnings really reflect the value of their occupation when a groundbreaking scientist earns less than a snooker player? Footballers, and top sports stars all rake in vast amounts of cash - but are they really worth millions of pounds more than firemen, nurses, teachers, aid workers and those in other such hardworking vocations? The scientist who created Dolly the sheep has just signed a deal with a us company that will see him earning £500,000 for five years work, developing techniques to clone a patient's own cells for transplant. In the same week that a snooker
The Effect of Sports Drinks on Performance.
The Effect of Sports Drinks on Performance Victoria Pauling Candidate Number: 6126 Centre number: 27216 Contents Introduction and Plan Page 3 Literature Review Page 4 Discussion and Conclusion Page 7 Appraisal Page 9 Bibliography Page 10 Introduction and Planning The aim and purpose of this study is to find out how and why the consumption of sports drinks can enhance a sportspersons performance. Sports drinks were first introduced in the 1960's by the company Gatorade. Gatorade's drink was a combination of glucose, sodium and water that allowed rapid rehydration. Now there are many sports drinks on the market containing a range of ingredients. These drinks are designed to be consumed on a variety of occasions such as to prevent dehydration and to increase energy supplies during long distance races such as Marathons or after a triathlon. The study will research into why the body needs the ingredients of a sports drink to allow athletes to perform to the best of their ability. The three main areas to be studied are why the body needs sodium, dehydration and its effects on the body and the need for carbohydrate as a source of energy. The study will look at how performance is affected if an athlete does not consume sports drinks before, during and after exercise and the physiological effects on the body. This study links in with unit 6 where
Active Sports
Active Sports The aim of Active Sports is to help young people with the ability and desire to improve their sporting skills by means of a co-coordinated programme across England that will provide wider access to organised sport. Partnership at local level is the key to Active Sports. Local authorities, governing bodies of sport, schools and equity organisations are working together to improve the way sport is provided for young people. Forty-five Sports Partnerships covering the whole of England have now been established. These Partnerships will work through local centres, coaches and clubs to enable young people to participate in sport more frequently, improve their skills and compete at various levels. Ten of the nation's most popular and readily available sports are involved in Active Sports. The national governing body of each sport is fully committed to Active Sports and has produced a sports development framework to guide the development of Active Sports programmes for its sport. Athletics Basketball Cricket Girls' Football Hockey Netball Rugby League Rugby Union Swimming Tennis More sports gain benefit from Active Sports. These are called Partnership Services Sports. These sports are those that have National Governing Bodies actively supporting programmes and products to help develop young people in their sport. Through Active Sports these sports can
Local and national provision of atheletics
The Governing Bodies for athletics are IAAF (International Amateur Athletic Federation) who's primary mission is to charitably assist the world governing body for track and field athletics and its affiliated national governing bodies in perpetuating the development and promotion of athletics world-wide. UKA (UK: Athletics) aim is to co-ordinate and support rather than intervene and control and has made all appointments based on competence and skills. AAA (Amateur Athletic Association) who's mission is to contribute to the sustainable development of athletics by creating the opportunities through the identification, planning and implementation of policies that enhance the value of the service provided to the family of athletics in England. The AAA and UK Athletics in all areas of the sport provide over eighty per cent of the UK's international athletes. In my local area I have 3 clubs Harrow AC, Watford Harriers and Hillingdon AC. Harrow AC runs a full programme of training sessions throughout the year with specialist coaches on hand to provide technical advice for specialist events. Harrow AC is also open to all athletes of any ability and caters for all age groups from colts through to vets. They have a variety of teams competing in local, regional and national leagues throughout the winter and summer seasons and have a number of members who have gained international