The reason why I decided to use both primary and secondary research to make my research varied. I am also going to use my primary research which is reliable and unbiased which I could use to back up my qualitative secondary research to make sure it is unbiased and reliable also. By carrying out this research such as questionnaires, interviews and secondary research through the internet, books and magazines I will find out how manufacturers add added value and other factors, therefore finding out how it uses these factors in order to make itself successful. In my primary research I am going to use a questionnaire and interview and the sample size will be 5-10 questions. I chose this number as too many questions could make people tiresome. I will hand out 25 questionnaires due to time constraints. I also mentioned to the people interviewed I would answer any questions as people were uncertain with language used in some questions such as ‘Socio-Economic Groups’. I will also use open, closed, multiple, scaled and grouped questions to vary my data. After I have taken all my readings, I will put it into graphs so I can record all my responses.
The advantages of secondary research is doesn’t take much time or effort, they is also the fact that the resources and data is limitless as they are so many sources to make reference to. In secondary research I will use magazines such as ‘what mobile’ to find the different prices on phones according to the product differentiation and unique selling points. I will also want to consider the price between manufacturers, what happens to the prices with similar models. I also hope to find out what innovative mobile phones are being brought out and what their prices are. Who are the major share owners in the market - Nokia, sony-ericsson and how they add value i.e. celebrity endorsement, product differentiation etc. The fact that a company’s success can be determined by if he manages to meet its goals means that I also want to find out how manufacturers reach their success by finding out the profit margin, ROCE, market share, R&D – expenditure on advertising and marketing, amount of people they employ, locations where they manufacture their products, promotions, sponsorships, celebrity endorsements, annual sales revenue and annual profit etc. to define their amount of success as a business.
Findings and Analysis
Primary Findings
Firstly, when looking on the readings from my questionnaire, I had distributed 25 questionnaires, which were given to 12 males and 13 females; this was in order to keep my questionnaire as unbiased as possible among different Genders. In my questionnaire, Appendix B, Graph 1, I found that most socio-economic groups of people came from (B) intermediate managerial, administrative and professional; this consisted of 32% of all people interviewed, this shows me the Nokia company targets to the working and middle-class. Because Nokia is based on working and middle-class, it may be the reason why Nokia tends to focus its design on practical and simple, where in contrast to other companies such as Samsung which are based around female buyers, tend to design their products to appear elegant and classy. In Appendix B, Graph 2, I also came to find out that 44% is the most amount of mobile phones which were brought from the age group of 21 to 30, this may be why in the magazines such as ‘what mobile’ there were images of adults between this age group as they are key target audiences. In Appendix B, Graph 3, I also came to find out that peoples favorite manufacturers, 44% are Nokia and this is because they are one of the biggest and first mobile manufacturers around, this may influence the idea of why Nokia can add added value as they are so well established and have Brandname along with a great reputation. The fact that they are the so well established means that they have a huge market share, this may be the reason why in magazines such as ‘what mobile’ it has the biggest section promoting, (Appendix C, Image 1) in my opinion Nokia relies on its reputation and marketing to add added value, it also benefits from making new innovative products or product differentiation, such as on appendix c, image 1 it states ‘Nokia’s N73 takes mobile imaging to the next level’. In Appendix B, Graph 4, 32% of people who found out about mobile phones currently on the market was from the internet, the fact that Nokia focuses on such a huge marketing campaign may be the factor that it has so much added value. I also decided to have primary research based on conversations; most replies from individuals were that they were only buying phones on promotional values,
“I only brought my Nokia as I got a free playstation portable that came with it, no extra charge”
It is because Nokia have such a huge marketing campaign that offers like these attract more consumers to buy their products, they are also able to add even more additional added value as of the promotional values involved. In Appendix B. Graph 5, most people stated that a quality camera is an important factor for buying a mobile phones, and the price is not to important and hardly taken into consideration, hence the reason why their mobile phones maybe inelastic ‘Where a small percentage change in price results in a proportionately smaller change in the quantity demanded’ – Google definitions, but to a greater extent of added value.
The fact that manafacturers like Nokia decided to add cameras created a niche market and thus making its own USP. Companies like Nokia and Sony-Erricson can set different prices as this means that one companies product may be more innotative than the other. The idea is to mainly focusing on price as consumers want best value for money, promotions as consumers are looking for good deals, brand as consumers want to have good brandnames on their products and features. Companies like Nokia are always bringing out new phones as technology is always increasing, product differation has become common among mobile manafcatures and the fact that features such as touch screen are innovative now, in six months time there is bound to be something new.
I also decided to make an interview as part of primary research; I decided to go to Carphone Warehouse as I thought I should talk to someone who has a good knowledge behind the industry. Mr. Green, the man interviewed, believed that brandnames, special features and product differentiation are key factors for business success. He stated that because consumers are looking for good brandnames, and most consumers wouldn’t buy a phone without one, would mean companies could add added value as consumers are willing to pay more. He also mentioned special features and product differentiation are key factors because companies would change their product models slightly i.e. camera phones to video recordings and charge added value for a slightly different product. He also said because of these techniques they are able to attract more consumers which are willing to pay more.
Secondary Findings
I found out that Nokia has a huge market ‘The Nokia Corporation that was created in the 1967 fusion was involved in many sectors, producing at one time or another paper products, bicycle and car tyres, footwear (including Wellington boots), personal computers, communications cables, televisions, electricity production, etc.’ - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia. In my secondary research I mainly used sources from the internet, books – Nuffield BP and magazines – ‘what mobile’ I got most my information from www.Nokia.com and some from varied other websites. I found out that Nokia has the largest global market share of 34%. Nokia also is the largest mobile phone manufacturer as of June 2006, I also found out that spends a lot of its revenue in R&D (research and development) in which sites are locate worldwide. In Appendix C, number 3 it states that Nokia spent up to EUR 3825 million on R&D in 2005, representing an 11.2% of all Nokia’s net sales. This indicates that by investing their revenue in R&D, Nokia was able to produce new features for their phones which gave added value to the product. This will give Nokia a competitive advantage to undercut competitors, as they will release new features in which consumers are interested in. Nokia’s R&D employs 20,882 in 11 countries, only representing 36% of Nokia’s total workforce.
The fact that Nokia has the largest market share is important to manufacturers as it allows the companies to add factors such as added value as consumers are willing to pay more. This means that the demand has increased and there is not enough supply to match its demands, this leads to the company increasing the added value of the product. This makes them a successful company as they have more resources and revenue to meet their demands.
As certain companies have bigger shares of the market and people are willing to pay more, this affects the prices the products are sold at, such as the phones may be similar between the manufacturers of Nokia and Siemens, but as the Nokia owns a bigger share of the market, their product is sold at a higher price as there is more added value as people are willing to pay more.
Both the phones are similar, however Nokia adds no promotional values in comparison to Siemens but yet the Nokia N80 is still sold at a higher price as Nokia owns a bigger market share. I also came to find that as product differentiation such as cameras are added to the product, the price has changed dramatically, and here is an example
A phone without a camera such as a Nokia 3210 is estimated on www.ebay.co.uk for £17.99, whereas even the most early camera phones such as the Sony-Ericson T610 go for £79.99
The term Net profit margin is the difference between the price received by a company for its products or services and the cost of producing them. Nokia has a profit margin of 2018 million Euros. It also has a ROCE of 31.6%. ROCE is a short worded term meaning ‘Return on Capital Employed’ which is a measure used to describe the company’s liabilities.
Evaluation
A company’s success can be measured in multiple aspects such as Sales revenue, Net profit, ROCE, profit margins and market share. The term Sale Revenue means the amount of income received by the business, this is a measurement of how much income the company is generating, the higher the income, the greater the success. The definition of Return of Capital Employed (ROCE) is ‘ROCE is net profit divided by capital employed. This gives an idea of how successful the business has been in spending its money on equipment and factories’ – Nuffield page 25’. The definition of net profit is the total profit made after all other cost have been deducted ‘Net profit is the amount of profit earned from producing and selling a product or service, once all input costs have been deducted – Nuffield page 25’. The term market share means a percentage of sales given to a market within a certain period ‘Market share, in strategic management and marketing, is the percentage or proportion of the total available market or market segment that is being serviced by a company’ – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_share.
Ultimately, the company’s success is measured by if it met its demands and goals set. In my opinion the amount of profit affects how the company meets its goals, such as the amount of income could allow a company to grow, increase dividends etc. I had chosen to research Nokia, I think it is successful as it has been in the market since the beginning and has taken the opportunity of the niche market and expanded the company to growth and prosperity.
The fact that it uses manufacturers like Nokia use key techniques such as product differentiation, brandnames, added value, advertising and new features etc. They are able to use measurements of success i.e. Sales revenue, Net profit, ROCE, profit margins and market share to maximize its profits, add added value onto their products etc. The Nokia Company also uses cost-effectiveness to set a price which the consumer is willing to pay which also makes them the biggest company in the market. The fact that the company researches into its consumers (R&D) and most people in my questionnaire mentioned they were influenced from marketing meant that because Nokia’s key focus was on marketing it makes them a successful company. The Nokia Company also uses low factor costs by using techniques such as ROCE and in areas such as R&D; they operate in 11 countries In different operating markets, this is key to success in a firm as they get the advantages of a business getting bigger such as using cheap labour in countries such as India. The Nokia firm also has a great reputation; it is well established and recognizable around the world, a great reputation means that there is a trust between the company, its product and the public; a reputation can make a firm successful by influencing the public to buy their product.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I had researched in the Nokia firm and found that there are many measurements of success in a company and what extent added value on other factors has on the success of a company. I think that added value and other factors make a company successful. The fact that added value such as celebrity endorsement, brandnames and market share etc. all in some way influence the company’s sales. Therefore, the higher the sales revenues, the easier it is for a company to reach its goals (e.g. increasing its dividends). Thus in my opinion added value and other factors influence a company’s success rate.
If I was to carry out this report again with having a bigger time frame and better resources, I would try and spend more time researching to find out the Sales Revenue that Nokia makes as I could not find it. I would also carry out more interviews, surveys with a variety of different people with employees within Nokia’s marketing department to gain a better insight in their branding strategies and how they add value in their own words.
Appendix
Appendix A
Questionnaire
Please circle or fill in the correct information
- What is your socio-economic group?
Socio-Economic group
(A) Higher managerial, administrative and professional
(B) Intermediate managerial, administrative and professional
(C1) Supervisory or clerical and junior managerial, administrative and professional
(C2) Skilled manual
(D) Semi-skilled and unskilled manual
(E) State pensioners or widows (no other earnings), casual or lowest-grade workers
- What is your age?
0-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 Other
- What is your favourite mobile phone manufacturer?
Nokia LG Samsung Sony-Ericsson Other
- What appeals to you about you favourite mobile phone manufacturer?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
- How do you find out of mobile phones currently on the market?
Internet Billboards magazines Leaflets /Posters Radio Television Friends and family Other
- Where do you go to buy your product, is it easily accessible?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
- What key features on mobile phone influence you to buy the product?
Quality Camera MP3 player ColourPhone Design Wireless Activities i.e. Bluetooth Price Brandname
- What appeals to you about the Nokia Logo?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Thank you for taking part in this questionnaire!
Appendix B
Graph 1
Graph 2
Graph 3
What is your favorite mobile phone manufacturer?
Graph 4
Graph 5
What key features on mobile phone influence you to buy the product?
Appendix C
- Image 1
- Interview at Carphone warehouse with Mr. Green
The interview took place on Tuesday 5th September, in Ilford town centre.
Question: what techniques and factors do you think major mobile phone manufacturers do to be successful?
Answer: well, in my opinion, all major players in the mobile phone industry use techniques such as adding special features, using brandnames and changing the products design (in this case, product differentiation) this all adds up to the fact that the companies influences customers to buy their product, It also allows the companies to have more added value, and because there is more income, the company is able to have a bigger budget to meet its set goals, and this is regarded as business success.
Question: what roles does added value have on a company and its success?
Answer: I believe that the higher amount of income means a higher chance of reaching a companies set goals, for example, if a company’s goal was to increase its dividends, as added value increases so does the amount of income, it is because of added value that the company is able to increase it dividends.
- R&D (Research and Development)
Bibliography
I have used numerous sources during my Market research, both primary and secondary which are stated below.
Internet Web Addresses
- http://www.phones4u.co.uk
- http://networks.silicon.com
- http://www.Nokia.com
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
- http://thesaurus.reference.com/
- Other sources from Google Definition and Google Images.
Magazines used
Nuffield – BP Business & Economics for GCSE Second edition