"A notation should be directed to a large extent towards the people who read it, rather than towards the sounds they will make." (Cornelius Cardew, 1961) Discuss.
"A notation should be directed to a large extent towards the people who read it, rather than towards the sounds they will make." (Cornelius Cardew, 1961) Discuss. The endeavours of some Experimentalist composers in the 1950s and 1960s, including Cornelius Cardew and John Cage (parenthetically, Cage's own quote, 'Let the notations refer to what is to be done, not what is to be heard'1 , has resonances with the title quote) were a purposeful reaction to the determinacy of the Serialists. However, the notions of integral serialism and indeterminacy shared common elements in some eyes: There is really no basic difference between the results of automatism and the products of chance; total determinacy comes to be identical with total indeterminacy....2 The way a piece is notated allows us to come closer to understanding 'the musical culture within which [notations] operate, and of the ways in which our modes of thought are influenced by the nature of the systems we use'3. This relates to the societal view that the composer is the one who has something to say, reducing the status of the performer to that of interpreter. However, this is not a view that has always existed; composers such as Mozart and Beethoven often expected performers of their works (including themselves, to which I shall return) to create improvised cadenzas for their concerti, while, additionally, the
"Enjoyable, but ultimately of little practical use." Consider the value of music or art or literature in the light of this comment.
"Enjoyable, but ultimately of little practical use." Consider the value of music or art or literature in the light of this comment. We live in a twentieth century world. Where we are greatly influenced by the media. Some have even gone to the extend of saying that 'Media is the OTHER PARENT' when our children are concern. The average person listens to the radio or watches some form of programme that will involve music at least a few times a year. The average person would probably also have a favourite song or music artiste. Thus such a statement saying that 'music is enjoyable but of little practical use' is quite an understatement. Our young today are relating to such form of art or like said 'enjoyment' and their lives are revolving around it especially with the help of the media. We can no longer think of music and link it with worthless value. I'm not saying that there aren't types of music that have negative influences but in this essay, I'll be writing about the positive outcomes and how music has influenced our society. In one's life, there is bound to be ups and downs. There are so many occasions of happiness and celebrations as well as sadness, anger and turmoil. In my opinion, music reflects all kinds of feelings and emotions that people on this earth have. It speaks out to us and is there when we need comfort and assurance. I believe that music is a powerful
Microphones - different types and their uses in performances.
Microphone Essay A microphone is a transducer used to capture acoustic energy and convert it into electrical energy. The electrical energy, also referred to as audio signal, is then sent to a recording device, usually an external interface or a D.A.W. (Digital Audio Workstation). It is then converted back to audio so that it can be played back and edited if necessary. All microphones contain a diaphragm, which is a 'thin piece of material (such as paper, plastic or aluminium) that vibrates when struck by sound waves' (Modern Recording Techniques). The Dynamic microphone works in the following way: 'When the diaphragm vibrates in response to incoming sound waves, the coil moves backwards and forwards past the magnet. This creates a current in the coil which is channeled from the microphone along wires.' (Dynamic Microphones) The diagram below shows this: (http://www.mediacollege.com/audio/images/mic-dynamic.gif) Dynamic microphones are mainly used for live on-stage performances as they are robust, can cope with high gain before experiencing feedback and are resistant to moisture. They are also relatively inexpensive, as a very basic one with a 3.5mm jack connection can be purchased for under £10, which are commonly used with basic computer applications such as Skype etc. Another benefit of the Dynamic microphone is that it does not require a power source, such as a
For this essay I have selected the Statue of a Wounded Amazon, height 80 1/4inches, and Aphrodite holding a Winged Eros, height 49 3/4 inches, as my subject to compare and contrast.
Celita Hamilton Unit 2 Individual Project Comparing Ancient Art Melissa Zimberg For this essay I have selected the Statue of a Wounded Amazon, height 80 1/4inches, and Aphrodite holding a Winged Eros, height 49 3/4 inches, as my subject to compare and contrast. Title: Statue of a Wounded Amazon Title: Statue of Aphrodite Holding Winged Eros Artist: Unknown Artist: Unknown Date: 450-425 B.C. Date: late 4th Century B.C. Style: Roman copy of a Greek bronze statue Style: Hellenistic Cypriot; said to be from the temple at Golgoi The Amazons were a mythical race of warrior women known for their skills in archery and horsemanship. This marble statue depicts a wounded Amazon. She has been stripped of her weapons and horse, and wounded underneath her right breast. She wears a short, sleeveless chiffon unfastened at one shoulder and belted at the waist with a makeshift bit of bridle from her horse. Despite her misfortune the warrior appears calm and shows no signs of pain or fatigue. She rest her right arm on her head, this is usually a sign of sleep or death. Of this marble copy, the lower legs and feet have been restored with plaster casts from other marble copies;
La Symphonie Fantastique.
La Symphonie Fantastique by HECTOR BERLIOZ (1803-1869) An Introduction by Darrell Ang In 1827, an English theatre company arrived in Paris for an exclusively Shakespearean season at the Odéon. Genuine interest in 'The Bard' and his works were gaining foot in the French capital thanks to the influence of Stendhal and Victor Hugo. The young Hector Berlioz was certainly among this cultured and learned lot; and he made it necessary to be present at the opening night's staging of Hamlet. Playing Ophelia was a beautiful Irish actress by the name of Henrietta Smithson, and it is with her that Hector's (and our) fantastic journey begins. His susceptibilities were doubly assaulted: by the magic of Shakespeare, and by the actress who interpreted the female lead. Leaving the theatre that evening, Berlioz vowed never to again expose himself to such emotional bombardment. His passion for Henrietta quickly developed into a torture. Soon reduced to a deplorable state of nervous exhaustion, he wandered aimlessly in the streets and in the fields, sleeping when and where he could. His will became flaccid, his faculties paralysed, he lost interest in everything except his vague dreams of Henrietta and Shakespeare. Berlioz made several desperate attempts to bring himself to her attention: he sent her numerous screeds, and their violence frightened her. In the spring of 1830, Berlioz wrote to a
Machine Imagery in Twentieth Century Art
Dani Jessee Midterm Essay One Machine Imagery in Twentieth Century Art The beginning of the twentieth century was shaped with explosive advancements in industry and engineering. The Industrial Revolution in Europe brought the world closer together (and would soon cause conflict of power among nations) with developments like the steam engine, railroad system, advanced weaponry, and reinforced steel. Drastic increase in population led to a need for building cities up instead of out; thus, the skyscraper and high rise buildings, made from iron, steel, and glass, covered the land in Europe. The arms race between Britain and Germany soon extended to the rest of Europe, with all the main nations dedicating their industrial base to the manufacture of equipment and weapons needed for looming battle. In 1914 the First World War broke out across Europe and devastated and changed the lives of millions of people. Artists during this time were significantly influenced by the new age of machinery, and mechanization (the idea that machines will replace human labor.) The use of machine imagery to depict the human figure is found in many styles such as Cubism, Futurism, and Suprematism . Cubism's use of fragmentation and grid like patterns paved the way for other styles and introduced ways to form the human body into mechanical parts. The French artist, Fernand Leger, channeled Picasso
The Beginning of the German Women's Movement
The Beginning of the German Women's Movement In order to understand any type of women's movement, one must understand the country's history. Activities like political outcries, as well as war can start tremendous movements. In Germany, one activity especially, beginning of the world wars, triggered the response of many women to act and fight for their rights they strongly believed in. The limits of women were felt in the political, economic, and family realms of life. Women differed from men in their ability to be witnesses, make wills, act as guardians for their own children as well as buy or own property. Women at this time dealt with these restrictions by voicing their opinion or locating the source and pleading their statement. They did this knowing that most sources were men who created the laws in the first place. In the early twentieth century the bourgeois women's movement first started to appear. This was the beginning of the industrial revolution and modernization. This period of time seemed less daunting than previous generations due to the fewer burdens of domestic chores. With a lesser amount of chores to attend it would seem that women in Germany were able to take a more serious role in the public sphere. However, to have a role in society, political involvement was necessary, and their government was not allowing it. The German Social Democratic Party (SPD)
The Primitivism advocated by Gauguin has had a lasting influence on modern art. It heralded a complete revolution in taste which began with the first exhibition of the Fauves in 1905.
The Primitivism advocated by Gauguin has had a lasting influence on modern art. It heralded a complete revolution in taste which began with the first exhibition of the Fauves in 1905 "As the great conflagration of 20th century expressionism burst into flame, the spark that set fire to that movement called 'primitivism' was the 19th century discovery of the primitive arts of the South sea islanders and the wood carvings of native African tribes. The first major artist who works on these colorful Polynesian patterns in his woodcuts and paintings was Gauguin" (Flemn, 1963: 712). Paul Gauguin was born in 1849, the son of a radical journalist and a socialist mother. From his father he seemed to have inherited a violent temper and headstrong disposition; from his mother, a passionate desire for personal freedom. Among the friends of his wife he found a number of painters and others interested in art. As a result, Gauguin began to spend his holidays painting (Stites, 1940: 730). He was associated in Arles with the painter Van Gogh who was also suffer from the corruption of the society and of modern culture generally. However, after the accident in one evening that Gauguin went outside alone and Van Gogh followed him, the relationship between them broke up. And as Van Gogh became crazier, which one can notice from his action that he cut out of the newspaper, title of
Sustainable design
HÅLLBAR DESIGN Det går att vara snygg och ha kul medan man räddar världen! Emelie Runnquist Uppsatskurs Konstfack 2010 Introduktion Behovet av hållbar design ökar samtidigt som trycket för utveckling blir allt större och de ekologiska problemen blir allt mer uppenbara. Klimatförändringarna har bidragit till att allt fler människor vill ha en förändring.1 Andra starka drivkrafter är hälsa, viljan att leva i harmoni med andra kulturer och sökandet efter en djupare lycka än vad enbart ökad konsumtion kan ge. Idag befinner sig vår konsumtion av produkter på en förhållandevis primitiv nivå. Vårt industriella samhälle är bara drygt hundra år gammalt och har därför inte haft mycket tid på sig att utvecklas om man jämför med andra processer i vår kultur. Men vi ser en positiv utveckling, de flesta är idag överens om att ett hållbart samhälle behöver ett nytt tänk. Bland konsumenterna växer sakta efterfrågan, det är inte längre varken präktigt eller töntigt, utan snarare trendigt att handla ekologiskt. På många sätt är miljökrisen en designkris. Den är en konsekvens av hur saker är tillverkade, konstruerade och använda.2 Vilket betyder att designern har en stor betydelse i förändringsprocessen mot ett hållbart samhälle. Förr fokuserade man på utsläpp, förpackningar och sopsortering men nu står det klart att
What objects are to be found in the area you have chosen, how are they arranged?
What objects are to be found in the area you have chosen, how are they arranged? Assignment 1. Emily Lennox I shall be examining the choice and arrangement of objects found in the 'Dancer Room' in the house in Kettle's Yard. I chose this room as opposed to the others in the house due to the overwhelming amount of natural light given by the large arched window at the end of the room. There is much that can be said about this room, simply because the objects within it can be seen in entirely different ways due to the changing seasons and times of day. How the light through the window falls on the objects effects how the object is interpreted and viewed. The first point that can be made about this particular room is that there are modernistic qualities that dominate the appearance of the room. It is extremely uncluttered, with only a few objects in the corner. As is characteristic with the whole house, it has an economic use of space, with a single chair behind the table looking into the room. It has a huge spatial feel, giving it an aesthetic experience. The canvas the objects sit against are plain, white walls - drawing the observer's attention straight to the objects. A large amount of natural wood can be found; table, chair and picture frame, which detracts from the fact that there are no decorative features to be found in the space.