Assess the influence and importance of dissidents in Brezhnev era Russia.
Assess the influence and importance of dissidents in Brezhnev era Russia. Dissent, which may be defined as voiced or written disagreement with aspects of the Soviet regime, appeared in many forms during the years after Stalin's death. Literary dissent stimulated other forms of 'intellectual opposition', which continued to flourish during the 1960s and the 1970s, despite increased crackdowns. However, by the early 1980s the vast majority of dissidents were imprisoned, exiled or repressed into silence.1 In order to assess whether or not the dissident movement of the 'stagnation period' should be accounted a failure, it is necessary to first define the term 'dissident movement' and the aims and activities of those involved before considering what influence it had, what it achieved and whether it should be considered a failure. The three main types of dissent which existed during the 'stagnation period' were linked to religious, nationalist and humanitarian causes. The latter is often known as the 'human rights movement', or the 'democratic movement', and in this essay the term 'dissident movement' will apply to this group. The democratic movement was morally opposed to the regime's suppression of civil liberties and constitutional rights, and concerned with the lack of protection for the individual and their rights.2 Initially, the dissident movement of the 'stagnation
The Haas Effect - Echoes and Location
The Haas Effect - Echoes and Location The aim of this project is to research into Helmut Haas's observations about the way a human brain deals with the sounds it hears in every day life and thus learn how to fool a person into believing something is or isn't as it really is. To begin with its important to realise how the brain finds the location of sounds it hears, once this has been clarified more research can be done into the different discoveries which Haas made and how they can be used in modern life. The actual effects which Haas discovered can be simply written down as three separate findings. These three effects are commonly known as the Haas effect even though they are a plural. The official findings of Haas are as follows:I . Signals which arrive at the same time but from different sources are heard as one sound from a fictitious or phantom source that is localized between the two sources at a place dependent upon the relative intensities of the two sources. This is the basics of volume panning. 2. Signals from the same source arriving at different times are heard essentially as one sound, with the delayed signal adding to the original sound but, when audible, being heard much more weakly. 3. Signals incoherent in both time and direction are heard as not localized, neither from source nor from a large range of angles in space, i.e. as a diffused sound. This
Feminist Art. Representation of Womens Bodies in Art , Rap and Film.
Merlos ________________ Feminism v Women In today’s society most people don’t know the difference between being a women and a feminist. It might be because history doesn’t bother to tell herstory. In academic environments women don’t make the cut to be included in textbooks or curriculums. Throughout history women weren’t considered “important” enough to contribute to society. They were inferior in every aspect; the inequalities that women suffered gave birth to feminism. When analyzing art, literature, theatre, and performance at the microscopic level, one can differentiate between what came from a women and what came from a feminist. Through the analysis of different women artist, authors, performers, and comics’ one will be able to know why these works of art are feminist or not feminist. What makes someone a woman? A woman is a female human being, someone biologically born with a vagina. Most people think that because someone is a woman, that automatically makes them a feminist. However, a feminist can be a man or a woman. It is not strictly for women. According to the Webster dictionary, feminism is the “advocacy of women’s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men.” Feminist try to achieve equality among men and women. In order to understand the differences between women products and feminist products one must know
Designer Jewellery Art and Design Investigation
My immediate interest in jewellery was established when I created a workbook on jewellery as part of my GCSE Art and Design course. Since then, my interest in this field has developed further, which is why I have chosen to base my dissertation on this particular theme. However, considering that the general term 'jewellery' can be defined as, 'ornaments containing precious stones worn for personal adornment', I have decided that to base my dissertation simply on 'jewellery' would be covering too wide a scope. Therefore, instead, I have chosen to focus mainly on designer jewellery, which in my opinion, is one of the most original, and compelling kinds of jewellery in existence today. In my dissertation I plan to examine the work of a selected number of leading contemporary designer jewellers, as well as explore a range of contemporary jewellery exhibitions, presently being held in prestigious galleries within the UK. J CHAPTER ONE Before launching into designer jewellery I have decided first of all to examine briefly the history of jewellery, because indeed many of today's contemporary jewellery designs depict inspirations from the past. The history of jewellery covers over several thousand years of civilisation, and begins with that of the ancient World. It was during this period, that techniques such as granulation and modelling of tools were first practised by groups
The Development of the Brassiere
The Development of the Brassiere The brassiere is perhaps the secret touch of exotica in every woman's wardrobe. Throughout history this piece of clothing has been an object of seduction, glamour, or oppression depending on one's stance. Women have always tried to enhance their female figures by squeezing themselves into restricting uncomfortable garments. Waists have been reduced and bust lines have been increased, decreased, flattened or spread out, depending on what is fashionable. Far from being an imposition, the brassiere has emerged in the twentieth century as a major component of clothing for the modern women. By becoming a material and social artefact the brassiere has developed into becoming the focal point of a multimillion dollar industry which will be examined in this essay. The brassiere has played a practical, as well as aesthetic role and it was during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century that this caused bitter arguments. The traditional view, that tight fitting corsets were beneficial to women's moral character and physical stance were challenged by the Pre-Raphaelites, with their un-corseted aesthetic dress. Janey Morris was one of the leaders of this Artistic dress movement in late nineteenth century England. She and her circle preferred loose, drapey styles, coloured with vegetable dyes and decorated with embroidery ( Farrell-Beck 1).
Early Music.
Early Music The Early Music ages consisted of several eras that took place hundreds of years ago. The eras throughout this time were Medieval, Renaissance, and the Baroque period. During this course in history a various amount of composers were in their prime and devoted to inspiring the world with their music. Just to name a few dedicated composers to galvanize this chapter in time are Hildegard, Leoninus, Dufay, Josquin Desprez and Palestrina. I will discuss the works of the previous composers as well as there background in each ones field of study. Hildegard of Bingen has been called by her admirers "one of the most important figures in the history of the Middle Ages," and "the greatest woman of her time." Her time was the 1100's, she was born in 1098. She was the daughter of a knight, and when she was eight years old she went to the Benedictine monastery at Mount St Disibode to be educated. The monastery was in the Celtic tradition, and housed both men and women in separate quarters. When Hildegard was eighteen, she became a nun. Twenty years later, she was made the head of the female community at the monastery. Within the next four years, she had a series of visions, and devoted the ten years from 1140 to 1150 to writing them down, describing them which included drawing pictures of what she had seen, and commenting on their interpretation and significance.
Illuminated Manuscripts: the Heir of the Ancient Celtic Artistic Tradition
Kathryn Kell 064513070 November 26th 2008 ML300 Dr. R. Ross Illuminated Manuscripts: the Heir of the Ancient Celtic Artistic Tradition Celtic art is a complex, unique and beautiful style. Through its history it has undergone many changes and yet remained a distinct and identifiable style. Celtic art underwent a number of changes like the adoption of a number of Roman motifs, which continued to be used during the Christian era, during the Roman occupation of the Celtic heartland. Celtic art was also greatly influenced by foreign artistic styles, including Germanic and Mediterranean art, and underwent a rapid shift, from symbolic to realistic, during the Celtic conversion to Christianity. This essay will argue that the illuminated manuscripts of the 8th-9th centuries CE are the heirs of ancient, pagan Celtic style; that despite all the changes and foreign influence that Celtic art experienced that the genius, ingenuity and resilience of the Celtic artists and his artistic traditions allowed Celtic art to remain a distinct identifiable style. Early Celtic is full of complex and beautiful abstract patterns and aimed to situate itself between the two extremes of realism and abstraction1. The La Tene style of the last four hundred years BCE is described by Ramsey MacMullen as showing "a fondness for abstraction [... through] the reduction of faces to triangles or in the
Is It Post-Photography Yet?
IS IT POST-PHOTOGRAPHY YET? Postmodernism in photography and the notion of post-photography seen through a retrospective analysis of color implication in Evergon's work. This research is inspired by an inject print "Vegator Beach, Goa, India" 2001, by Evergon and baised on "Photography After Art Photography", an essay by Abigail Solomon-Godeau and a book by W.J.Mitchell "Reconfigured Eye: The Visual Truth in The Post-Photographic Era" "Post Modernism : What does it mean? Rather than a style post modernism presented photographers with strategic options. To use it more self-consciously, exploring depictions of the body, for example, through contemporary social, economic, and political discourse. As a consequence, postmodernist photographers break into taboo subjects, representing for instance sexuality, (of children, of adolescents, gay men, ..) A second postmodernist strategy is to exploit and embrace earlier styles in art, even styles condemned as artificial, and use them to make photography." (Pultz, John, Photography and the Body, The Orion PublishingGroup,London,1995(chapter6pp.144-169). Postmodernism is a complicated term, or set of ideas, one that has only emerged as an area of academic study since the mid-80's. The problem with postmodernism is that it is hard to define because it is striving to be new all the time. How does it do this? It denies the any
Using relevant examples, discuss how the development of video as an art form has altered the way the viewer experiences art.
JC1 SOVA HOLIDAY REVISION PACKAGE 2011 Name: Wei Xiao Jing CT Group: 11S29 (SRJC Prelims 2009) . Using relevant examples, discuss how the development of video as an art form has altered the way the viewer experiences art. (30) Video art come into existence in during the 1960s. Video art is a new art form which relies on moving pictures and is comprised of video and audio data. What distinguishes this form of new media from traditional media is not the digitising of media content into bits, but the dynamic life of the "new media" content and its interactive relationship with the viewers. This dynamic life, moves, breathes and flows with pulsing excitement in real time. However, video art are varied and strived beyond entertainment, they may simply explore the boundaries of the medium or to rigorously attack the viewer’s expectations of video as shaped by conventional cinema. New and expanded opportunities opened up for video artists with the invention of Sony Portapak, a portable videotape recorder that allowed instant playback. The portability of the camera allows recording to be done in any sites not just in a recording studio, and thus opening up vast possibilities in terms of creating content and experimenting with moving images. The accessibility of video cameras encourages more people to explore this medium and the technology- savvy may
What major developments were made in art in the period 1400-1650?
What major developments were made in art in the period 1400-1650? At the beginning of this era, a synthesis of local styles known as the "International Style" predominated Europe's art and the Gothic style was dominant in architecture. This era also began in the shadow of the person sometimes seen as the precedent of the great Italian Renaissance masters. His frescoes, notably those in the Cappella dell' Arena in Padua used the concepts of Byzantine art that governed ideas of foreshortening, shadow and texture to create the illusion of depth. Giotto's mastery had recreated the concept of depth on a flat surface, and the slow progress to what we recognise as Renaissance art occurred throughout the fourteenth century. One of the finest pieces of International Style art is the Wilton Diptych, which dates from 1400 and portrays the commending of Richard II by St. Edmund, St. Edward the Confessor and St John the Baptist to the Christ Child. A love of detail is evident from the painstaking way in which fingers, flowers and even the Infant's feet are marked out in loving detail. The artist took a fractal approach to the painting, trying to add realism to his scene by adding layer upon layer of detail to the figures. The foreshortening of limbs and bodies in the painting is testament to Giotto's influence and the figures themselves have a reasonable deal of realism to them, even