The most significant contribution to the growing status of the press by the end of the nineteenth century was made by new patterns of ownership and management', do you agree?
PRESS, POWER AND THE PEOPLE: UNIT ASSIGNMENT Question 6: 'The most significant contribution to the growing status of the press by the end of the nineteenth century was made by new patterns of ownership and management', do you agree[RM1]? INTRODUCTION New patterns of ownership and management did contribute to the growing status of the press at the end of the nineteenth century, but its significance is difficult to comprehand. These changes did mean that the press was allowed to progress, but other factors which helped to forge society and in turn the structure of the press, are also attributable. The changes of ownership and management within the newspaper industry was mainly due to the speedy expansion of the whole industry. Newspapers became cheaper to buy mainly because of the abolishment of taxes directly related to newspapers, like the Advertisement Duties (1853), Newspaper Stamp Duty (1855) and the Paper Duties (1861), (Lee 1978). New printing presses could therefore be bought allowing more newspapers to be produced efficiently at a cheaper labour cost. New affordable technologies such as composing machines and the continuos 'webs' of paper used with the printing presses, helped lower the unit-cost of newspaper production (Lee 1978). Overall this helped create a larger circulation of newspapers, attracting numerous advertisers, ready to pay increasing sums of money,
The media in Japan is controlled by big business and politicians - discuss
Modern Japanese Society BS2595 The media in Japan is controlled by big business and politicians David Talbott 990205159 When asked to name world's best selling newspaper very few people outside of Japan would be able to give the correct answer, namely that of the Yomiuri Shimbun, which is printed almost 15 million times each day. Even its closest rival, Asahi Shimbun, which sells around 12.5 millions copies a day completely eclipses the 3.3 million circulation of The Sun, Britain's most popular daily newspaper. The Japanese newspaper market is in fact huge: the average Japanese household receives 1.2 papers per day, almost one and a half times more than in the UK. The TV market is similar in size. Over 6 in 10 households own a television and the average Japanese person watches four hours of TV a day. Given the size of the market and in light of the important role the media is expected to play in a modern society, it is disturbing to note that the Japanese media is consistently criticised in studies by western scholars. It is often charged with delivering a standardised product that limits customer choice. Some critics attack the system even more vociferously stating that journalists and politicians collude to form "information cartels" that serve to "the creation of an informationally inferior product where the people do not get 'all the news that's fit to print'"
In the light of a number of recent high profile complaints about invasion of privacy, critically assess whether or not the UK press should continue to be self-regulating.
In the light of a number of recent high profile complaints about invasion of privacy, critically assess whether or not the UK press should continue to be self-regulating. The immediacy of broadcast news meant that newspapers were defunct as first-hand news providers. Declining readership meant that competition was fierce as newspapers had to rethink their function. Emphasis shifted towards entertainment, especially in the tabloids, and the more salacious the story, the more readers. With new titles like the Daily Star in 1978 and the Sport/Sunday Sport in 1987 also vying for readers, journalists were forced to look for 'exclusives' often involving the private lives of celebrities, politicians - and where there was a good story - members of the public. The event that changed the publics view of the press once and for all, according to Brian McNair, was the coverage of the Hillsborough disaster in 1989. The Sun was "the main offender", alleging that drunken Liverpool fans had harassed the police and abused the bodies of the victims. As Chippendale and Horrie put it, Hillsborough was "an unparalleled journalistic disaster" for the Sun. Such incidents amassed many complaints against the press, however there was no official regulatory body or formal codes of practice. The Press Council, which was established in 1953, had the aim to "maintain high ethical standards of
The introduction of printing in mid-fifteenth century Europe might have made little headway if Europe were not ripe for change". Discuss the factors that contributed to the success of the printing press.
The introduction of printing in mid-fifteenth century Europe might have made little headway if Europe were not ripe for change". Discuss the factors that contributed to the success of the printing press. The printing press was one of the most important inventions of the 1400's. The scribes and monks that hand reproduced text such as the bible in the 1300's gave way to this new technology. At first it was unaccepted with scribes being put out of work, and their complaints causing presses to be banned in many locales as the Church did not want to let go of its long-held literary privilege. Certain events from the 1400's onwards led to the success of the printing press as discussed further. During the period of the late Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church was the biggest single landowner in Europe. In alliance with the feudal aristocracy it represented the most powerful upholder of resistance to change. Much of the power of the Church was based on its ability to enforce the use of Latin as the language of worship. The rise of the Church of England in the 1500's played an important part in the rise of the printing press. Before Henry the 8th the bible was written in Latin which was unable to be read by most uneducated illiterates in Roman Catholic England. When Henry the 8th wanted a divorce, which was not allowed at the time, he abolished Catholicism so he could do so. This
How do you explain the ways in which media texts create particular occasions of reading?
How do you explain the ways in which media texts create particular occasions of reading? To explain how media texts 'work' in creating particular occasions of reading, it is important to study the theoretical approaches to representation and understand how media texts might be said to 'work' in forms of representation. In this essay, I will examine five chosen media texts from the organisational category "Gendered identities: images of the 'real'" and explain how they 'work' in relation to the question, along with an analysis of the relationship between texts, occasions of reading and audiences. According to Mercer (1986: 184), "one of the places that bind potentially destructive antagonisms in a neutralising mutuality is texts - occasions of reading". By this, it is evident that Mercer addresses the notion of 'occasions of reading' as the text being the 'occasion' and the 'reading' taking place through audiences' interaction with the text. 'Occasions of reading' do not simply mean reading a newspaper but that we are socially, culturally and institutionally positioned as audiences in terms of the ways of seeing, watching or enjoying a particular text. As mentioned earlier, to explain how media texts create particular occasions of reading, it is important to understand how media texts might be said to 'work' in forms of representation. So, what is
Eudora Wetley "A Worn Path" symbolism analysis
Jason Martinez Martinez p. #1 English 102 Slaughter 6-25-12 A Worn Path “A Worn path”, by Eudora Welty, first published in 1941, contains in itself a vast array of ideas and symbols for readers to interpret. For this reason literary analysts still find the text as appealing today as it was seventy years ago. The characters and the events in this beautiful piece of literature have been analyzed time and again, yet the uncertainty of the text encourages the reader’s mind to draw meanings of his own. Eudora Welty was known for her beautiful use of symbolism and similes. In the short story “A Worn Path” her use of symbolism emphasis the social issues that hold greater meaning when seen from the historical perspective and encourage the reader to draw connections between the social dynamics of the era especially to the clearly stated racism, Christianity, and historical characters associated with both the blacks and Southern America. My hypothesis is that Phoenix Jackson and her journey are a pessimistic story about the destructive nature of racism and Southern Culture of that time, this story is told using symbolism. The short story, seemingly, is about a rather difficult journey made by an elderly black woman, through landscapes unsafe for a women with her fragility, encountering
This paper examines the influence that media has on adolescent females feelings towards their place in society, sexuality, self-esteem and body image.
Literature Review of Media Messages to Adolescent Females Submitted By: Debi Naigle Submitted To: Dr. Rick Schwier Class: EdCmm 802 / Historical and Theoretical Foundations of Educational Technolgy Due Date: Saturday, February 12, 2004 ________________ Abstract Research shows that media play a dominant role in influencing females’ perceptions of the world around them, as well as helping them to define their sense of self. This paper examines the influence that media has on adolescent females’ feelings towards their place in society, sexuality, self-esteem and body image. Areas for future research and possible solutions to some of the problems mentioned are also addressed. Time of Adolescence Adolescence can be a confusing and unsettling time for young adults. Changes to their bodies, their interests, and their social relationships cause them to question who they are and how they fit into the dynamic and confusing world around them. They question their place in their family, with their friends, with their teachers, and with others around them. This is a time of increased self-awareness, self-identity, self-consciousness, preoccupation with image, and concern with social acceptance (Slater & Tiggemann, 2002). Adolescents are trying to discover and solidify their senses of self and their roles in society. Adolescence can be a period marked by severe
Commentary on Roch Sulima's book Antropologia codziennosci (Anthropology of everyday life).
https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRfviITHUF-13WG6L5_J3hsjNo9zFLftnmbZoF24Qn9PLp8R0HwoMTXwO8W ________________ Anthropology of everyday life https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRRuqsQcmb7YWAI_LRl44pVpmXfSM7d5nlPbgsqg3JdjPiAPGE0lg . In the modern world there is such a sphere of reality that are not worthy attention, because they are obvious, and what is more, everyone knows everything about it. Such is the realm of the everyday life, and that is what everyday life is very interesting, because by its obviousness gives the impression of social adjustment habits that cause lack of awareness. Speculation on the nature of everyday life leads to the discovery of what appears to be natural, and they really are the consequences of knowledge and experience over which we do not think, and which the foundations of our behaviour are. The concept of everyday life is accurately described by Roch Sulima in her book ‘’Antropologia codziennosci’ (Anthropology of everyday life)’. He stated that “everyday life is unavoidable’’ (p.20). It is practiced and does not need a definition. The meaning of everyday life is always just ahead as the informal sense of conversation. For everyday there is no return. Immediately melts and solidifies in the myth, in what is discursively inexpressible. Anthropology of everyday life is “a diary of
Which functions do the mass media have? Where can we reproach them with manipulation and which effect do they have?
Which functions do the mass media have? Where can we reproach them with manipulation and which effect do they have? In my presentation I want to deal with these questions. One fact is that the sphere of influence of media is spreading out. But does the increasing offer of information really gives us a more varied spectrum of opinions or has the flooding of news rather a degenerated and stun effect on our opinion. Is independent and critical journalism always possible at all? The mass media is often called the mouthpiece of public opinion. This is again essential for social-political communication. Consequently the media can be seen as a producer of the general public. The quality of a democracy depends basically on the way how the society communicates, which means how the process of forming an opinion is carried out. The mass media are playing an essential role when forming an opinion in a democracy. The word mass media includes all technical methods if multiplication and dissemination which produce the process of mass communication. This means in detail institutions like the press, radio and television. And for most people these are the main sources of social information. Therefore the media shall inform and create an quite exact image/copy of reality. But when we observe today's media, especially the yellow press we might come to the view that they carry some
How can we account for the ubiquity of the celebrity in today's media? A celebrity is a person who is widely recognized and known about in a society.
Daniel Burborough Com911 Essay Assignment Question 4: How can we account for the ubiquity of the celebrity in today's media? A celebrity is a person who is widely recognized and known about in a society. Celebrities are often well-known in the news and they often take over sections of the magazine market and TV schedules around the world. They appear in television adverts and entertainment forms around the globe from music to film. Most would be quick to believe and enforce the idea that the reason we have celebrities in our media is just to make money. As Graeme Turner has recently noted, the industry around celebrity 'creates highly visible products that most of us buy at one time or another and which play a significant part of our everyday lives'1 This ideology is not discernibly far from the truth as it is easy to notice the wealth involved in the form of celebrity features in advertisements on TV, radio and magazines or starring in the latest Hollywood blockbuster. Whatever form it is what they do culminates to produce an influential commodity culture. From this we can argue that the reason we have celebrities dominating our media are to create a market around the products they endorse and that we in turn buy. Celebrities appearing on commercials and merchandising products within media forms will result in vast amounts of money going to executives in the media