This essay will critically explore the contribution made by Cohen to the world of criminology. The focus will be on the key areas of Cohen's work, experiences and beliefs. Starting with his earliest work Folk Devils and Moral Panics (1972
University of Sheffield: Faculty of Law Coursework cover sheet Student registration number: 030129807 ________________________________________________________ Module name: Understanding Criminology (advanced) LAW 382 Module co-ordinator: Jason Ditton Coursework Title: Critically assess the contribution made by your author to criminology. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Your Seminar Tutor: M Hall _____________________________________ Date: 10/11/2005________________ (Seminar tutors will only offer verbal feedback in the case of a fail.) WARNING: The penalty for plagiarism will be decided by the Board of Examiners. Students are warned that it is likely to result in the student failing the examination and/or referral to the University Discipline Committee. I hereby certify that this is my own work and the length (excluding allowances) is _1710__________ words. Submissions will be word-counted, and penalties exacted if limits are exceeded. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FEEDBACK: (Students: do not write anything below) Overall Mark: % Very good Good Adequate Weak Poor Research and content Structure and focus Critical ability Style and
racism in britain GB
DESCRIBE AND DISCUSS THE EXTENT OF RACISM AND RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN BRITAIN. In the past two decades the politics of race and immigration in Britain has witnessed rapid change, one may view it to the good while others to the worse. I am asked to describe the extent of racism in Britain as well as the racial discrimination within different sectors in Britain. There are many sectors one may look upon, such as the media, education, employment, housing, crime, policing, political levels and on. However I have chosen to focus on three main aspects in my essay; the first being racial discrimination within the employment sector. Then moving on to the political aspects that are seen racist and lastly looking at racial discrimination within education which could be in a way linked to a murder case that I shall be touching upon as it is a great example of racism seen from different perspectives in contemporary Britain. Racism to some sociologists could be viewed as a system of group privilege. This is the case in the employment sector as one may argue that in contemporary Britain ethnic minorities face a dilemma that is seen in sociological terms as the "glass ceiling". That is that one may be able to rise up in his job sector to a certain level where it is not possible to move up higher the same way white colleges or the majority are able to do so. A recent example of this
The entry sets out five individually necessary conditions for anyone to be a candidate for legalised voluntary euthanasia (or, in some usages, physician-assisted suicide), outlines the moral case advanced by those in favour
Voluntary Euthanasia The entry sets out five individually necessary conditions for anyone to be a candidate for legalised voluntary euthanasia (or, in some usages, physician-assisted suicide), outlines the moral case advanced by those in favour of legalising voluntary euthanasia, and discusses six of the more important objections made by those opposed to the legality of voluntary euthanasia. * 1. Introduction * 2. Five Individually Necessary Conditions for Candidacy for Voluntary Euthanasia * 3. A Moral Case for Voluntary Euthanasia * 4. Six Objections to the Moral Permissibility of Voluntary Euthanasia * Bibliography * Other Internet Resources * Related Entries . Introduction When a person commits an act of euthanasia he brings about the death of another person because he believes the latter's present existence is so bad that she would be better off dead, or believes that unless he intervenes and ends her life, it will become so bad that she would be better off dead. The motive of the person who commits an act of euthanasia is to benefit the one whose death is brought about. (Though what was just said also holds for many instances of physician-assisted suicide, some wish to restrict the use of the latter term to forms of assistance which stop short of the physician 'bringing about the death' of the patient, such as those involving mechanical means which have
Suicide In Prison.
SUICIDE IN PRISON I have decided to look at the problem of the increasingly large rate of suicides of offenders, and potentially innocent people (persons remanded in custody) whilst they are in prison. Why did two hundred and thirty six people commit suicide in our institutions in the year 1996 to 1997 (Sattar, G 2000)? Are we collectively to blame for making for making a society that insists on unreasonably imprisoning people who need help and support during a stressful and turbulent time, or is the prison service solely to blame? I wanted to find out what actually causes a person to take, or attempt to take their own lives. According to Mchugh and Snow 2000 'the causes of an individual suicide (whether in prison or elsewhere) are rarely simple. It follows that preventative solutions are unlikely to be simple. This may seem an obvious statement, but the history of suicide prevention in organisations such as the prison service is often coloured by a search for the solution to the 'problem' of suicide. The reality is that suicide is a complex behaviour pattern, prompted by different factors and motivations according to differing circumstances. Another aspect of the question of suicides, and in particular prison suicides, is the problem of having in place effective suicide prevention strategies. How can the prison service as well as the authorities in the greater population
Working with suicidal adolescents and adolescents who self-harm
Working with suicidal adolescents and adolescents who self-harm When reviewing the literature regarding adolescence, it is clear that it is a very difficult term to define. There seems to be no strict age at which adolescence begins or ends, and many authors who write on the subject of adolescence fail to provide a succinct definition of adolescence. This is perhaps because no clear definition can be given, as the transition from childhood to adulthood is such an individual, diverse phenomenon that to even begin to define it is futile. Most people would probably think of adolescence as the teenage years, from thirteen through to nineteen, but every individual develops, both physically, psychologically and emotionally, at different rates. As Steinberg states, "it is obvious that generalising about the nature of adolescence is no easy task" (p. 3, Steinberg, 1993). He goes on to describe adolescence as a time of transitions, both biological, psychological, social and economic, and comments that it is an exciting period of life, where adolescents are allowed to start work, get married, and to vote, and at some stage are expected to become financially independent. Steinberg also correctly remarks that establishing the beginning and end of adolescence comes down to a matter of opinion, rather than fact. For these reasons, this essay will not attempt to offer a definitive
"A Dignified Death"
Elizabeth Nicholson "A Dignified Death" -The Article I was given featured in the Guardian On the 6th of December 2001, The article is entitled "A Dignified Death" and looks into the issues surrounding the rights of family members regarding the assisted suicide of sufferers of debilitating illnesses in this case Motor Neurone disease. The article was written by Hazel Curry whose mother had committed suicide after many years of battling against the intolerable suffering that is Motor Neurone Disease. 2-The Purpose of the article is to provoke thought among readers about the sensitive issue that is assisted suicide and asks questions about the way that euthanasia is perceived by the general public and by the Government, the article is written with a great deal of emotion as the writer is writing about the loss of her own mother, this is coupled with a fierce determination from the writer to bring the issue to the fore and have it seriously debated and the law perhaps amended if it was agreed it was necessary. 3-The article was printed in the Guardian which of course is an upmarket broadsheet newspaper which suggests that the article is aimed at a more professional readership. This is also perhaps reflected in the subjects of the story itself, two GP's, I feel that this story is particularly suited to the readership of the Guardian as it's high concentration of professional
Philosophy - Kant's Universal Law Formation of the Categorical Imperative.
Philosophy - Kant's Universal Law Formation of the Categorical Imperative Kantian philosophy outlines the Universal Law Formation of the Categorical Imperative as a method for determining morality of actions. This formula is a two-part test. First, one creates a maxim and considers whether the maxim could be a universal law for all rational beings. Second, one determines whether rational beings would will it to be a universal law. Once it is clear that the maxim passes both prongs of the test, there are no exceptions. As a paramedic faced with a distraught widow who asks whether her late husband suffered in his accidental death, you must decide which maxim to create and based on the test which action to perform. The maxim "when answering a widow's inquiry as to the nature and duration of her late husbands death, one should always tell the truth regarding the nature of her late husband's death" (M1) passes both parts of the Universal Law Formation of the Categorical Imperative. Consequently, according to Kant, M1 is a moral action. The initial stage of the Universal Law Formation of the Categorical Imperative requires that a maxim be universally applicable to all rational beings. M1 succeeds in passing the first stage. We can easily imagine a world in which paramedics always answer widows truthfully when queried. Therefore, this maxim is logical and
In the article "The Right to Die", Patrick Nowell-Smith addresses the moral issue of euthanasia.
Introduction to Applied Ethics 2004SU-AK/PHIL 2075 Q Team Instructor: Carol Bigwood Article: The Right to Die, By Patrick Nowell-Smith Name: Artie Anica Sawh Student #: 204071510 Phone: 416-738-3865 Bibilography . Cragg, Wesley. Koggel, Christine M. Contemporary Moral Issues 5th edition. Canada: National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication. 2. Nowell-Smith, Patrick. The Right to Die. In Contemporary Moral Issues 5th edition. Pages 32-39. Canada: ICUS and Paragon House Publishers. 3. Crystal, Ellie. Copyright 1995 - 2004 http://www.crystalinks.com. Part A: The Summary " The Right to Die" By Patrick Nowell Smith Written By: Artie Anica Sawh In the article "The Right to Die", Patrick Nowell-Smith addresses the moral issue of euthanasia. He discusses the idea of its legalization in order to give people the right to choose if, how and when they want to die, in the same manner that they have the right to live. The general purpose of this article is to advance and promote the grounds for legalizing euthanasia within the Canadian realm. Nowell-Smith introduces the argument by dividing it into two reoccurring subjects, "active" and "passive" euthanasia, he also takes this concept further with the distinction between "voluntary" and "involuntary" euthanasia. It is appropriate to begin this summary with a brief understanding of these definitions. First,
Suicide: Selfish or Selfless?
Suicide: Selfish or Selfless? For thousands of years, suicide has been a way many men and women have chosen to die. Though not easily defined, suicide in the Western culture is thought to be "a conscious act of self-induced annihilation, best understood as a multidimensional malaise in a needful individual who defines an issue for which suicide is the best solution" (Leenaars, p 349). Defined by Webster's dictionary, "selfish" describes an act performed out of disregard for, or at the expense of another, and the selfish person is concerned chiefly or solely for his or herself. Whether or not suicide is a selfish act is an individual decision, dependent on the reason for suicide and the impact it has on other individuals. By listening to those who have failed to complete suicide, as well as loved ones of suicide victims, one can only begin to understand the feelings associated with ending one's life, as well as the repercussions of the act on others. In this way, the selfishness or selflessness of suicide can be determined on an individual basis. Suicide is often a choice of individuals whose only desire is to escape emotional or physical pain, or to avoid some huge dilemma in their lives. They do not seek death per se, but an end to life as they know it. Such a feeling is so intense that it consumes a person, and they can think of nothing or no one else, as they are drowning
How much and in what ways has 9/11 influenced public perceptions and the self perceptions of Muslim communities in Western Europe and the United States?
How much and in what ways has 9/11 influenced public perceptions and the self perceptions of Muslim communities in Western Europe and the United States? The term '9/11' refers to the series of suicide attacks which took place in the USA on September 11, 2001. Al-Qaeda hijacked four passenger planes, crashing two of them into the World Trade Centre in New York, one into the Pentagon while the fourth crashed into a field after passengers tried to retake control. The nineteen Hijackers were killed as well as over three thousand people, mostly civilians. The hijackers were followers of Osama Bin Laden, an exponent of a particularly militant sect of Islam. Following the 9/11 attacks, there was a knee jerk backlash against Muslims in the West. Although many Muslims had experienced suspicion, this worsened after the 9/11 outrage and 'living together' (Ramadan, 2004, p71) became more problematic. There became a perceived 'Islamic threat' (Ramadan, 2004, p84). Women were attacked for wearing the jihad, people were forbidden to board planes and all Muslims were viewed as potential terrorists. The West's 'war on terror' policy has led to thousands of people being detained without charge as well as causing delays in Muslim immigration. The civil liberties of thousands of Muslims have been compromised in the name of security. This has obviously caused fear and tension among