'White-collar crime never hurt anybody'. Discuss
Assignment 2 - 'White-collar crime never hurt anybody'. Discuss We have entered the age of white-collar crime. A time when the words thieves and businessmen go hand in hand. White-collar criminals don't get their hands dirty in their work. They use their heads to get what they want instead of using a little muscle. But are these criminals are just as dangerous as the rapists and murderers? White-collar crime is the category of crime that tends to be committed by professionals, people who know how to bend the rules within the system and take what doesn't belong to them, without getting caught. Securities Fraud, Insider Trading, Bank Fraud, Tax Fraud, and Money Laundering are all examples of white-collar crime. The more common White Collar crime includes: Bank Fraud: Defrauding banks of their money, Cellular Phone Fraud: The unauthorized use, tampering, or manipulation of a cellular phone or service. Computer fraud: Where computer hackers steal information sources contained on computers such as: bank information, credit cards, and personal information.(Levi 2001) There are some more types of this crime such as; Counterfeiting, this is when someone copies or imitates an item without having been authorized to do so and passes the copy off for the genuine or original item. Counterfeiting is often associated with money however can also be associated with designer clothing,
White Collar Criminality
This essay is going to discuss white collar criminality. It will explain what is understood under this term, give examples of these crimes and theories that aim to explain this phenomenon. It will first start of examples of this kind of crime and dividing it into two groups; occupational and organisational. It will then be followed by Sutherland's approach to the subject, who was the first person who attempted to define what white collar crime is. His challenge to psychological explanation of crime will be presented and general impact his study have had on the understanding of white collar criminality. Another theory presented in this essay will be general theory of crime developed by Gottfredson and Hirschi in 1990. After that there will be several points presented regarding general disagreement around white collar crime, among them the problem with defining this type of crime, its causes and problems in dealing with it. Generally speaking white collar crime is a crime which is considered by criminologists more dangerous than other crimes, however it is usually not that much acknowledged by members of the society. It can be divided into occupational and organisational crime. The first one describes crimes committed by people during their employment in purpose of personal gain, and the other type describes corporate crimes committed for gain of the company and not necessarily
THE PRACTICES OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME ARE DISTINCT FROM OTHER FORMS OF CRIMINALITY. DISCUSS
The Practices of White-Collar Crime are Distinct From Other Forms of Criminality. Discuss. Two areas of crime which, to date, have had little media coverage and which are not topics that most people think of when they consider what is crime, are white-collar and corporate crime. Today both have a well-established place in criminology text books, but until the late 1980s the former was not something generally recognised or rapidly perceived by the general public to be criminal in the United Kingdom (Williams 2004:55). But this assignment will only be talking and concentrating on the practices of white collar crime. White-collar crime is generally associated with wealth and powerful offenders, and a series of recent high profile cases such as the collapse of Baring's bank and the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI), along with the Maxwell pension's fraud, have prompted suggestions that it, too, is rising. These major cases are only the tip on the iceberg as crime committed at work ranges from the 'fiddles' of employees at all levels of employment to multi-million pound financial frauds. (Croall 1998:269) What is white-collar crime? Edwin H. Sutherland was the first to bring this topic to the forefront of criminological study. His work in this area is still the best known and continues to be both highly
Criminology - "Corporate and white-collar crimes are less serious than other kinds of crime, such as violent crime"- Discuss.
Criminology - major essay Topic - "Corporate and white-collar crimes are less serious than other kinds of crime, such as violent crime." Discuss There is a public misconception about white-collar and corporate crime. Many people believe that these crimes are less serious than other forms of crime, such as violent crimes. However, this is far from the truth. White-collar and corporate crimes are just as serious as other forms of crime, if not more so, and the effect they have on society is often more far-reaching. In this essay I will be discussing the severity of corporate and white collar crime in comparison to other forms of crime. I will be providing explanations as to why it is a serious issue in our society, and one that people do not always understand. There are many different forms of white-collar and corporate crime, but all have one thing in common. That is, they are usually "committed by persons from a middle or upper class socioeconomic background in the course of their occupations"1. White collar crimes include such offences as commercial bribery, tax fraud, environmental offences, and computer related crimes. Corporate crimes are "a subset of white-collar crime"2 and usually occur with the intent of benefiting a corporation. Because these forms of crime sometimes involve large sums of money, and affect a large number of people, their seriousness should not be
Discuss firstly why white-collar crime and corporate crime are perceived as less severe than street crime, secondly, it will explain why it should not be seen as less serious and finally it will show some examples of corporate and white collar crime.
Street crime is the most common crime on people's everyday experience. This type of crime is shown on the media, it is seen on the streets and it is closer to people's perceptions. However there are crimes which is not punished as hard and it is more harmful to society than street crime. These crimes are corporate and white-collar crime. This paper will discuss firstly why white-collar crime and corporate crime are perceived as less severe than street crime, secondly, it will explain why it should not be seen as less serious and finally it will show some examples of corporate and white collar crime that will portray why this sort of crime should be regarded as serious. First of all this paper will provide a brief definition of white collar, corporate crime and street crime which are relevant to the discussion this document will be doing. White-collar crime. Edwin Sutherland coined this term and he defined it as " [The] ...crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation" (Sutherland cited in Sutton & Haines, 2003: 142) Other Scholars have a broader definition for this type of crime. They define it as the crimes committed by people - upper or middle class- performed during their employment period (Dirkis & Nicoll, 1996:257). As Hazel Croall states: "Crime committed in the course of legitimate employment involving the abuse
Outline the view that white-collar and corporate crime are under-represented in criminal statistics.
Outline the view that white-collar and corporate crime are under-represented in criminal statistics. Crime is breaking the law. Crime statistics are measured in two ways in Britain. Firstly by Police recorded crimes and Secondly by British crime surveys. Police recorded crimes are crimes recorded by the police from which official statistics on crime are drawn, whereas British crime survey is a victim study, which asks people if they have been a victim of particular crimes. In this is essay I will be supporting the view that white-collar crimes and corporate crimes are under-represented in the criminal statistics. I will be looking at how and why corporate crimes and white collar crimes are under-represented, and provide evidence for my argument. I will also look at different theories to support my view e.g. Marxists, Strain theory and Subcultural theory. White collar crimes are committed by people of high social status and respectability in the course of their occupations (Edwin Sutherland -1960). White collar crimes are divided into two parts. Firstly occupational (crimes committed at the expense of the organisations) and corporate crime (crimes committed on behalf on the organisations e.g. non payment of VAT). Fraud only accounts for 6% of recorded crime but its monetary value is far greater than suggests e.g. WorldCom, the second largest long-distance telephone company in
A white-collar crime refers to crimes committed by business people, entrepreneurs, professionals, or public officials
Criminology 1001 Major Essay Q2: Why is corporate crime/white collar crime perceived as less serious than "street crime"? Should it be? If so, why? If not, why not? A white-collar crime refers to crimes committed by business people, entrepreneurs, professionals, or public officials. It was a term first coined by Edwin Sutherland who defined the term as "crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation" (Sutherland 1974) and was the first to bring attention to the matter. White-collar crimes are different then street crimes because they are through deception and not force or violence. There has been much debate as to what qualifies as a white-collar crime, the term today generally describes a variety of non-violent crimes usually committed in commercial situations for financial gain. Many white-collar crimes are especially difficult to prosecute because the perpetrators are sophisticated criminals who have attempted to conceal their activities through a series of complex transactions. (Bologna 1984) My essay will attempt to address why white collar crime is perceived as less serious than street crime and why it should not be. To answer the question entirely, we have to look at the definition white collar crime. However, this is not easy as the definition of white collar crime has been disputed and there has not yet been a
Why does white collar and corporate crime tend to go undetected,Or if detected not prosecuted
Why does white collar and corporate crime tend to go undetected, Or if detected not prosecuted White collar and corporate crimes are crimes that many people do not associate with criminal activity. Yet the cost to the country due to corporate and white collar crime far exceeds that of "street" crime and benefit fraud. White collar and corporate crimes refer to crimes that take place within a business or institution and include everything from Tax fraud to health and safety breaches. Corporate crime is extremely difficult to detect for many reasons. One major reason is that many people do not realise a crime is being committed as corporate crime is often seen as a victimless crime. At face value this may seem to be the case but if you look deeper you will see that this is not true. Every year the FBI estimates that 19,000 Americans are murdered every year compared with the 56,000 Americans who die every year from occupational disease such as black lung and asbestosis (Russell Mokhiber 2000). Deaths Caused by corporate crime are also very indirect so it can be very difficult to trace the problem to the corporation. Another reason it can be difficult to detect corporate crime is that directors within a corporation are unlikely to report the criminal activity of their colleges for the fear that it will hinder their own career success and could even lead to them losing their
White coller crime
Within today's demanding news society, many contemporary issues receive daily coverage by all facets of the media. Some of the most highly debated coverage topics, including crime, drugs, and violence reporting have taken over as forerunners in continuous media coverage. Generally speaking, we Americans are strongly against all three issues, although the media's coverage whether it be newspaper, magazine, internet or television is not necessarily true or objective. For instance, the reason why a person commits a criminal act receives limited or no media coverage, but the person's criminal actions itself as well as the punishment are the significant and emphasized aspects of coverage. White-collar crime is a type of crime classification. This type of crime focuses on the safety of both consumer products and employees in the workplace. Not to anyone's surprise, white-collar crime receives a small amount of media coverage because we, the public, are told that we do not need to read, or hear about it. This type of crime in some respects may be even more detrimental to a portion of the public's safety than is a person who commits a form of criminal action on the streets. White-collar crime cover-ups, hence are not unusual. According to authors Lee and Solomon, the "criminal role of the banking industry" gets little media attention, despite the fact that The New York Times
Workplace crime, white-collar crime, crime against business all fall under the same category, no matter what term you use to describe it, this type of crime costs South African Businesses roughly R40 billion per year
ASSIGNMENT 01: As a criminologist you have been invited to address delegates at a conference on workplace crime on the issue of employee theft. SUBJECT CODE: HCREVA-X COURSE: CRIMINOLOGY HONOURS SUBJECT: CRIMINOLOGICAL EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS STUDENT NUMBER: 35425717 STUDENT NAME: MEGAN DAVEY DUE DATE: 15 MAY 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page . INTRODUCTION 1 2. THE WHAT, WHY AND WHERE OF WORKLACE CRIME 2 2.1 WHAT: What types of crimes comprise crimes in the workplace? 2 2.2 WHY: Why do some companies fall prey to workplace crime and Why do some employees commit workplace crimes? 3 2.3 WHERE: Where does workplace crime occur? 4 3. THE SIGNS: What to look out for in employees that may indicate they Are committing workplace crimes 5 4. DETERANCE AND DEFENCES AGAINST WORKPLACE CRIME 6 4.1 Pre-employment 6 4.2 Eliminating Opportunity 7 4.3 Preventing Employee Theft 8 Bibliography . INTRODUCTION: Workplace crime, white-collar crime, crime against business all fall under the same category, no matter what term you use to describe it, this type of crime costs South African Businesses roughly R40 billion per year. The exact cost of workplace crimes are even harder to uncover due to a large lack of reporting these crimes to the Police. KPMG conducted a Fraud Awareness survey and found 20% of respondents reported detected fraud,
