Physical Education: Synoptics : David Beckham
SYNOPTICS: David Beckham David Beckham has been playing football since a very early age. He now plays for Manchester United at an elite level and captains England. He trains and competes very regularly. .AGGRESSION Several aspects of football have progressed vastly in the last decade. Many of which are relevant to the increasing position of aggression in football today. This means that aggression is very much a part of David's sport, and an aspect that he must understand. Governing bodies and referees are now much more open and understanding about aggression in football as they have realised the increasing influence that it has in the game. The rules reflect this, as retaliation (an aggressive act) is now an automatic 'sending off' offence. This also applies to raising of the hands and any intent to harm. Rivalry between teams is also an issue. When playing a local rival obtaining points is not the players' only motive for success. The two teams aim to win as simply defeating the opposition matters more than obtaining points. However this may lead to aggressive behaviour as the player feels that the stakes are higher (pride). It is also possible and supported through theory that in games in which he feels he is under-achieving he finds himself being cautioned. This may be due to the theory that states the athletes' ability is inadequate compared to the task they are
Sliding-Filament Theory
Sliding-Filament Theory Proposes that a muscle shortens or lengthens because the thick and thin myofilaments sliding past each other without filament lengths being effected. Thus, muscle, fiber, and myofibrils change lengths, but not myofilaments. Processes of Muscle Contraction: . Nerve impulse moves down T-tubule depolarizing the tubules. 2. Ca++ is released from the lateral sacks of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum into the Sarcomere among the Myofilaments. 3. Ca++ binds with Troponin located on Tropomyosin causing active attachment sites to be exposed. 4. Energized Myosin head attaches to exposed site on Actin filaments, attachment causes head deflection resulting in tension production (pulling action). 5. Available ATP re-energizes Myosin head, thus breaking Myosin head attachment to Actin filament (breaking the cross-bridge). * As attached heads release other heads are attaching and deflecting causing muscle tension through its range of motion. * If impulse is removed Ca++ is actively pumped back into Lateral Sacks allowing Troponin to cover active sites of Actin filament. * CONTRACTION WILL ONLY CONTINUE if there is available Ca++ in the Sarcomere and ATP is available for
The skeleton test
(1) Blood cell production is one of the functions of the skeleton. Name three others. 1) ___________________________________ 2) ___________________________________ 3) ___________________________________ (2) All physical activity requires movement using bones and muscles. (i) Name three major bones which are located in the leg. Bone 1 .................................... Bone 2 .................................... Bone 3 .................................... (ii) Explain the function of ligaments in relation to movement. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (3) Joints are important in allowing movement. Give one example of each of the following types of joints on the skeleton. (i) Hinge _______________________ (ii) Ball and socket ______________________ (iii) Pivot _________________________ (4)Movement occurs when bones and muscles work together. (i) Explain what is meant by flexion. Flexion is
Bone is formed by the process of ossification. In the foetus the bones are still cartilage
Bone Formation Bone is formed by the process of ossification. In the foetus the bones are still cartilage. Cartilage is converted into bone, but needs vital calcium and phosphorous in the diet for this to occur. Ossification takes place in the growing child, but also takes place to repair broken bones. Exercise and weight bearing activities make bones stronger. A common overuse injury where ossification is not a good thing is Osgood's Schlatters. This is when the quadriceps ligaments pull up the patella, and so where the patella tendon should be, random bones and ligaments fill the space. By David
sports coaching
Reece White 200419404 Bridget Ratch - Assignment 1 - Sports
