Research was carried out to investigate the effect of the direction of incident light on the behavioural response of Calliphora larvae.
Contents * Page 2 Abstract * Introduction * Page 3 Implementing * Modification to design * Page 4 Experimental results * Page5 Associated results * Precautions * Page 6 Reliability of data * Page 7 Analysing evidence and drawing conclusions * Conclusion * Page 10 Evaluating evidence and procedures * Limitations of apparatus * Page 11 Limitations of technique * Effects of these limitations on the data collected * Page 12 Effects on conclusion * Page 13 Synthesis of principles and concepts * Scientific knowledge * Page 15 References * Page 16 Appendix Abstract Research was carried out to investigate the effect of the direction of incident light on the behavioural response of Calliphora larvae. They were centrally placed onto a piece of white paper marked with positive, negative and neutral in a circular chart. White light was shone onto the maggot from one direction and the subsequent direction and speed of movement was measured. Results suggest that the directional movement of the Calliphora is influenced by the angle of light and that the maggots showed negative phototaxis behaviour. This supports work which was carried out by previous researchers. This response of moving away from the incident light may offer the Calliphora larvae increased chance of survival. Introduction Larvae of the Calliphora
Can a case be made for the use of homeopathy in the treatment of depression?
Extended Essay- Psychology Can a case be made for the use of homeopathy in the treatment of depression? Name: Hana Holdijk Centre number: 0528 Candidate number: 010 Abstract: This essay describes depression and the various ways that it has been treated throughout the years. Statistics show that most people who have had severe depression in their life have a 50-80% chance of it returning. The side effects of modern drugs used to treat various diseases are extremely unpleasant. Research shows depression treated with psychotherapy does not prove to be very successful. It is also very hard to assess the effectiveness of psychotherapy and many people are rarely cured from depression. Homeopathy offers a safer, viable alternative to psychotherapy and drug treatment. It has no side effects and cures on a deeper level, preventing the patient from having a relapse later on. If it works, the effect is a long term curative one. If not, the palliative effect it creates is not harmful in any way. In this essay, the basic principles and method of treatment of homeopathy are discussed to try and enlighten the reader with an alternative form of healing. Homeopathy has become increasingly popular throughout the world because of the success rate it has with patients suffering from all kinds of diseases. I was inspired to write this paper because as the daughter of two homeopaths, I am
Recent progressive educators will be mentioned. Free schooling and the type of education rendered in Summerhill School will be analysed. The philosophy of Neill
Introduction In this essay the discourse will be on progressive education, some of the old and the recent progressive educators will be mentioned. Free schooling and the type of education rendered in Summerhill School will be analysed. The philosophy of Neill, the founder of the Summerhill School will be discussed as well as the impact Summerhill education has on the lives of its graduates, especially their ability to adapt to the outside world on leaving Summerhill School. Summerhill School is an independent progressive and free school founded by Neill Summerhill in 1921. The school was originally set up as a community for delinquent children but other children without behavioural problems were later admitted to benefit from the application of the psychoanalytical theory. Progressive Education Progressive education movement started in Europe and United States around the 19th century to reintroduce freedom in the area of learning as a reaction to what was assumed to be the very narrow and too formal nature of traditional education. The progressive education proponents believe in growing a new type of children that will not match to the orthodox structure and ethos of public schools. As an objective, the progressive education thinkers aimed to educate "the whole child" i.e. having to address his/her physical, emotional and intellectual growth; and to encourage the child to
Unmasking Anxiety with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Unmasking Anxiety with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy It is not that uncommon that an individual may be late for work. They might begin to rush, and perhaps forget something at home that they needed. They may beat themselves up all day for having put themselves in that position. This scenario reflects typical anxiety. It is a normal reaction to stress by the body, but for some, it can become a chronic disorder. There are many treatments for this disorder, including prescriptions drugs, behavioral therapy, and even homeopathic remedies. Compared to these alternatives, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the most effective long-term treatment for anxiety. There is a line between experiencing stress due to a difficult situation, and having a crippling disorder. Individuals with anxiety who wish to be treated must seek psychiatric assistance through self-help programs or doctors. Anxiety is a disorder that is often found hand in hand with depression, both of which can improve with treatment. Often times, many people do not recognize that there are different classes of anxiety disorders. Five major types of anxiety disorders include Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Panic Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD), and Social Phobia (SAD), which is also known as Social Anxiety Disorder (NIMH). These types of anxiety range from the
Description and Evaluation of the St. Andrew Parish Church Care Centre.
Title: Description and Evaluation of the St. Andrew Parish Church Care Centre Introduction Statistics have shown that in 2002 there was 16% of the Jamaican population living below the poverty line (RJR News cast). Additionally, because of restructuring of the economy and downsizing of the private sector many breadwinners have lost their jobs. This state of affairs has led to a growing number of children on the streets fending for themselves. Unemployment and poverty have led to persons reneging from their parental responsibilities of providing adequate food, shelter, clothing and supervision for their children. As a consequence of the harsh economic situation and the deteriorating social conditions, more and more children in urban centres such as Halfway Tree, have decided to congregate at the traffic lights where they can beg or earn money by wiping the windscreens of motor vehicles. Over the last twenty years this untenable phenomenon has developed. At almost every traffic light or major intersection e.g. the junctions of Trafalgar Road and Hope Road, Oxford Street and Old Hope Road, and Maxfield Avenue and Hagley Park Road, boys gather from as early as 6:00 a.m. to solicit alms from generous motorists. This development thought profitable for the boys, often caused other social problems for Jamaica. For example, many of the street boys become a nuisance as they
Describe the application of behaviorist perspectives in health and social care. Describe the application of psychodynamic perspectives in health and social care.
Describe the application of behaviorist perspectives in health and social care. (P1) Operant conditioning is a type of behavior modification which can be used to either decrease or increase the likelihoods of a certain aspect of a behavior will occur. The process relies on the idea that organisms (a person) respond to stimuli, and that if they can be taught to associate a specific stimulus with a particular behavior, they will be more likely to engage in or avoid the behavior, depending on the type of stimulus involved. This approach first came to notice B.F Skinner (s famous psychologist) were of his work was carried out in the 20th centaury. His work was mainly with the use of rats and pigeons to us e them to discover new ways of leering style and behaviors. Skinner was created a very famous box which is still used today some science experiment call the Skinner box. This bow was designed with a lever which when pressed by a rate inside it would produce a food pellet to the rat when pressed accidentally. After a while the rate will begin to realize that when it presses the lever a food pellet will be released so there for will repeated this action for to receive food. The pellet of food in this situation is a product of reinforcing as the rat will like more of the food an can get it when he wants by pressing the lever which in turn increases the possibility of this
An Investigation to see whether the halo effect is present when rating personality traits of 'attractive' and 'unattractive' people.
An Investigation to see whether the halo effect is present when rating personality traits of 'attractive' and 'unattractive' people. Contents Page. Abstract- Page 1 Introduction- Pages 2-3 Method- Pages 4-6 Procedure- Page 7 Results- Page 8 Discussion- Pages 9-10 Appendix- Page 11 Condition 1- Page 12 Condition 2- Page 13 Raw Data- Page 14 Results- Page 15 Wilcoxon Test- Page 16 Brief- Page 17 Standardised Instructions- Page 18 Debrief- Page 19 References- Page 20 Abstract. The 'halo effect' refers to the subjective bias of which an individual see's another physically attractive person as having positive personality traits whereas they see an unattractive person as having undesirable personality traits. The aim of the investigation was to see whether the halo effect is present when rating personality traits of 'attractive' and 'unattractive' people. The hypothesis of the investigation was 'There will be a significant difference in the rating of personality traits of 'attractive' and 'unattractive' pictures of two individuals. The research method for the investigation was experimental using repeated measures design as this was more time efficient. The sampling method used was opportunity sampling whereby 10 pupils from Skipton Girls' High School took part in the investigation. Results of this investigation support the experimental hypothesis as there
Investigate the concepts of curriculum development.
University of Huddersfield In-Service Postgraduate Certificate in Education DHE 6220 - Advanced Studies in Curriculum Development Curriculum Development of the BTEC National Diploma Modules Prepared By: Cathy Hampshire Submitted 9th January 2006 . Abstract This report investigates the concepts of curriculum development and comprises of two distinct sections. The first section explores the theories of curriculum development and relates these theories to the development of two modules on the BTEC National Diploma Information Technology Practitioners (ITP) second year course, which I am in the process of developing and covers the following elements: * Curriculum concepts, influences and rationale for the development. * A critique of the policy context and issues and principles related to curriculum evaluation. * The processes involved in the curriculum development work. * Evaluation of curriculum development and the opportunity to encompass literacy and numeracy within the content. The second part of the report states the rationale for the development of curriculum, an evaluation and reflection of the learning process and makes reference to the appendices which include copies of Unit Specifications, Schemes of Work, Handouts and PowerPoint Presentations and assessment materials. 2. Table of Contents . Abstract 2 2. Table of Contents 3 3. Terms of Reference
In Britain today, most people live in nuclear families - The aim of this piece of coursework is to look at different sources to investigate this hypothesis.
In Britain today, most people live in nuclear families The aim of this piece of coursework is to look at different sources to investigate the hypothesis above. This will show me whether despite the variation of attitudes in society today there is still a dominant view of the family and also different types of family in a household structure. There is no single right or wrong definition for the family, which applies to all societies as families can come in all different shapes and sizes. The stereotypical view of husband and wife with two children no longer exists. An argument put forward by many sociologists is the family as a unit has lost many of its functions. For example in pre-industrial society parents' are responsible for the health, welfare and education of their children. But now the state in the form of specialised organisations such as hospitals, schools and social security have adopted these roles. But I think it is difficult to say that the family has lost many of its functions when there is no clear definition for what a family is. In views of a British sociologist Ronald Fletcher "Parents are expected to do their best to guide, encourage and support their children in their educational and occupational choices and careers." Quote taken from Sociology textbook. Families vary enormously in structure and size from society to society, as do the roles played by
Unit 1 psychology revsion notes (memory, attachment, research methods)
Transfer-Encoding: chunked Memory Multi-store model Atkinson and Shiffrin * 3 separate unitary stores * Information processing system * Sensory, short-term, long-term * Sensory - Decays rapidly unless paid attention – STM – linear way * capacity of STM is just 7 +/- 2 - Information at this stage is typically encoded acoustically * rehearsal within STM – passed to LTM – unlimited capacity * Support from neurophysiological case studies –Clive Wearing – STM can function normally while transfer to and retrieval of LTM is impossible – KF had normal LTM but impaired STM * Laboratory experiments have provided support for the existence of two separate stores, STM and LTM – Glanzer and Cuntiz * Overemphasises the role of rehearsal in forming LTM – not the only way – craik and lockhart Sperling – Capacity * Chart, P’s asked to recall letters * P’S recall single rows when tones where heard * P’s could recall 4/5 in first stage * P’s could recall 3 in second stage * Image of each item fades during the time it takes to recall back * High levels of control – lab experiment * Lack of ecological validity, external validity Peterson and Peterson – Duration * Showed consonant trigram * Count backwards – prevents rehearsal * Recall 80% with 3 second intervals * Got worse as intervals lengthened * Information decays
