law and order
Jack the Ripper. Describe Law and Order in London in the late Nineteenth Century. There was a huge change in law and order in the late 19th century, to being very successful and crime rate dramatically going down. There were only two police forces in Britain, before the Metropolitan Police Force was set up in 1829, the Thames River Police Force and the Bow Street Runners. Towns and cities were growing rapidly and the system could not cope. The main turning point came in policing when Sir Robert Peel, the home secretary, was convinced of the need for a police force and set up the Metropolitan Police Force. Peel's ideas had a huge affect on police forces and still exist today. The police became known as 'Bobbies' and 'peelers' after there founder Sir Robert Peel. The streets of many British towns and cites would be patrolled by the watchmen and parish constables before the Metropolitan Police Force came about. The watchmen and the parish constables would keep an eye out for trouble and prevented disturbances and would keep it well under control because they knew the people and the town well, however they couldn't deal with the big things, like riots, which were common in parts of Britain. Image of Sir Robert Peel. The British people disliked seeing red coats because it was the colour of the army. The Government used the army to keep order and suppress popular
Which of the following problems do you consider to have been the most serious facing American Society in the 1920s. a) Organised crime b) Racial and religious intolerance c) The growing division between the rich and the poor
3. Which of the following problems do you consider to have been the most serious facing American Society in the 1920s. a) Organised crime b) Racial and religious intolerance c) The growing division between the rich and the poor Although the 1920s was described as "Roaring" and highly successful, which it was to an extent, the rebellious attitude that the American people gained, turned them towards crime and racial intolerance. Much of the "boom" was only experienced by the higher class Americans, WASPS (white Anglo-Saxon protestants), and the others such as immigrants, blacks and manual workers were forced into an even worse poverty. This led them towards crime, as they had no other way of making money. The WASPs became richer but also more rebellious and arrogant. This arrogance led to racial violence between WASPs and blacks and other ethnic minorities that they felt threatened their American Pride. These problems made the 1920s much more dangerous and much less appealing than it seemed to be, but each problem was fuelled by the new attitudes towards life, of the American People. During the "Roaring Twenties", the Protestants believed that alcohol was the destructor of families, as they saw the man of the family spending all their money on alcohol in bars. The Protestants, having great power and influence in America introduced Prohibition of Alcohol. They thought
As a government advisor I have been asked by the Minister of Justice to prepare a report identifying policy solutions to crime in Scotland. In the following report I will focus on drugs and alcohol.
As a government advisor I have been asked by the Minister of Justice to prepare a report identifying policy solutions to crime in Scotland. In the following report I will focus on drugs and alcohol. I will identify how these two factors relate to crime and the problems that they present. I will then make policy recommendations, which I feel will prevent or reduce criminal activity involving the two. Background When addressing the problem of whether drugs and alcohol are related to crime it is a good idea to establish figures, which, relate to the two. It can be shown that drug taking and crime are related. This is highlighted in the finding of a Glasgow University study which, found, that 31% of all people arrested in Strathclyde and Fife police regions tested positive for heroin. There study also found, that of all people arrested in these two areas 71% tested positive for some type of illegal substance. The findings for Scotland were double that of New York and five times that of Los Angeles1. Although these figures clearly show that there is major problem with drugs in Scotland, they don't do anything to show a link between drugs and crime. This will be discussed later in the report. Alcohol is another factor that is believed to be a factor in crimes, particularly crime of a violent nature. The Home Office believe that around half of all violent crimes have alcohol as
Discuss the accuracy of Crime Statistics in The Uk
Officially recorded crime statistics by the Home Office suggest that there were approximately 5.4 million crimes in Britain in 2006/07. This decreased by 10% in 2007/08. However, the British Crime Survey (BCS) suggests that there were in fact 11.3 million crimes in 2006/07, decreasing by 10% as well. This therefore poses the question: why is one survey telling us that the amount of crime recorded is in reality under half of what is actually happening? A main reason behind the difference in these statistics is the way that they are both recorded. Police record statistics only when, according to official guidelines, 'the circumstances as reported amount to a crime defined by law' and there is no credible evidence to the contrary of the reported circumstances. There are problems with this method of recording crimes. For example, it also states in the official guidelines that 'Apparent or possible criminal activity, such as damage to bus shelters, telephone kiosks, forensic items (blood) etc, which does not in itself amount to evidence of a crime, coming to the attention of the police after the incident either personally or via third parties, would not initially be recorded as a crime but as a crime related incident'. This therefore distorts statistics as in most people's eyes, this would be evidence enough that a crime has been committed, and these are the types of incidents
Crime and its effects on society. Police Reform Act 2002 The police reform act impacted mainly onto the police obviously due to giving PCSOs (Police Community Support Officer) more power to control anti social behaviour
TASK 1A: REPORT P1-Crime and disorder legislation The Crime and Disorder Act 1998 placed a new responsibility on local authorities, police and other agencies to work mutually in the development and performance of strategies to reduce crime and disorder. This advance was supported by the publication of the Morgan Report (1991), which argued for a statutory duty to be placed on crime lessening agencies, such as the police and local authorities, to work together for common targets. This report was acted upon with the creation of the 1998 act. The Crime and Disorder Act 1998 created 376 local Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships in England and Wales. These strategies must reflect local needs and priorities which mean that different crime and disorder partnerships around the country will be aiming to tackle different areas of crime depending on what is a problem locally. The priorities addresses by a multi-agency partnership could be any of a number of issues depending on local needs. The Criminal Justice Act 2003 This was brought in by parliament as a way of modernizing parts of the criminal justice system. The act looked at amending the law relating to police powers, bail and disclosure of evidence. It permits offences to be tried by a judge sitting alone without a jury in cases where there is a danger of jury-tampering. It also expands the circumstances in which
Assess the extent to which the mass media cause the amplification of deviance.
Assess the extent to which the mass media cause the amplification of deviance. Deviance amplification can be approached from a number of sociological perspectives, although it is particularly associated with the interactionalist perspective. I can mean one or more of the following: > More deviant acts are being committed > More serious acts are being committed > People think there is more crime > People have an increased fear of crime The First two explanations refer more to deviance and the second two refer more to the social reaction to deviance, which can cause more deviance and/or more social reaction which is almost like a chain reaction. A combination of these can produce a real or perceived crime wave. Crime waves are real or imagined increases in the rate of a particular crime. They also may cause a moral panic. S. Cohen first described how 'Folk Devils and Moral panics' could be created and amplified by the mass media when he did his study of the situation between the 'mods' and 'rockers'. According to Goode & Ben-Yehuda (1994) "A moral panic is characterised by a feeling held by a substantial number of a members of a given society, that evil-doers pose a threat to society and to the moral order as a consequence of their behaviour. Press reports described a minor disorder involving the two groups and unattached youths at the seaside as a riot. Worse
Are women underrepresented in crime statistics because of sexism within the criminal justice system?
Are women underrepresented in crime statistics because of sexism within the criminal justice system? Official statistics regarding crime indicate that male crimes are much more common than female crimes, with only one of five convicted offenders in England and Wales being female. This pattern has led sociologists in the past to see female crimes as near to non-existent, or unimportant. Carol Smart comments that women commit fewer crimes which are much more trivial than male crimes in addition. She also pointed out that sociological and criminological fields have always been male dominated and so studies about crime are generally about men, by men. She concludes that female crime is trivial and insignificant as criminology aims to change the problems of crime, and female crime has not been viewed as problematic. Despite this, many sociologists have more recently claimed that female crime is not trivial and non-existent, instead it is merely underestimated. They argue that womens' crime often goes unreported, for example in the case of shoplifting, and even when women's crime is reported, there is much less chance that the female will be prosecuted due to leniency of the criminal justice system on women. The concept of the criminal justice system's leniency towards female criminals is referred to as the 'chivalry thesis' and is based on the assumption that men are socialized
Are Crime "Facts" Really "Myths"?
Are Crime "Facts" Really "Myths"? Crime myths and facts are often confused. Crime myths are created when the media, government and other influential figures sensationalise particular incidents that occur within the community. Although there are many similarities between the "myths" and "facts" the distortion of the two are prominent when studied through surveys and police reports. "crime facts" could be considered somewhat inconclusive, when the only way to gather information comes from survey statistics and police reports. Through comparing and contrasting "crime facts" and "crime myths", this essay will explore whether there are any actual "crime facts". "Crime myths" evolve from the hysteria created by people who study crimes. People study crimes for many reasons with the foremost reason being "to find a solutions to Society's concerns" (Kappeler & Blumberg & Potter 1993, p2) about crime and to also find out why certain issues stand out more than others. (Kappeler & Blumberg & Potter 1993, p2) These societal concerns are brought to people's attention in one of two ways. Firstly by people who have an interest in a certain occurrence; in there mind it is of great importance. Secondly, by people who construct their definition of societal concerns from other sources e.g. Urban legends. The truth is somewhat distorted to fit their own opinion or view similar to
Title: Youth Crime in Hong Kong ---- What is responsible?
Corrections Title: Youth Crime in Hong Kong ---- What is responsible? Is Hong Kong really a safe place to live in? According to a recent crime statistics conducted by the Hong Kong Police Force, the public order in Hong Kong has slightly deteriorated as the overall crime rate in the first half of 2003 has increased by nearly 13% in comparison with that of 2002. The most alarming finding was that there were 2832 youngsters arrested for crime in that period. The most common offences committed by the youngsters were shop theft, pickpocketing, selling drugs and pirated goods. So many cases if youth crime happened in Hong Kong, what is responsible? The family, society or school? In my opinion, the family should have the greatest responsibility for youth crime in Hong Kong. Nowadays, people no longer live in extended families, in which several generations share the same house. Instead, nuclear families are the norm, with only the parents and children sharing the same house. However, most parents go out to work early in the morning, return home late at night. There is no one looking after the children, the parents just leave them alone at home. As a result, the parents do not understand their children well enough and may even have difficulty in communicating with them. Due to little communication between parents and children and insufficient parental guidance, the
Environmental factors that affect offenders and victims.
Environmental factors that affect offenders and victims include the physical, social, family, community, economic, cultural and political environments in which individuals live. Impoverished physical, social and family environments have long been considered to be primary determinants of the development of criminal behaviour. Living in poverty, isolation from social support and being raised in a violent family are examples of these types of environmental risk factors. A lack of community cohesion in one's neighbourhood, poor economic conditions in society and conflict-ridden cultural and political environments are also potential risk factors for crime - both for offending and victimisation. The rate of unemployment, extent of use of the welfare system and the varying levels of education in society can all influence the prevalence and nature of crime. For example, higher rates of unemployment can have an impact on levels of crime. An important environmental element relates to geographical location. The profile of crime varies across geographical areas at both the macro and micro level. These differences in crime can be linked with regional differences in social, demographic and economic conditions. Understanding the nature of these links is important because it can shed light on how to manage and prevent crime. Robert Park and Ernest Burgess introduced an ecological
