Explain why Roosevelt introduced the New Deal.
(b) Explain why Roosevelt introduced the New Deal. Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to America in 1933. He started it for many reasons; one being that America was suffering a great depression after the Wall Street crash. After the boom in the early 1920's American industry was prosperous, that was until the factories started to over produce goods, this caused the factories to not sell as much resulting in the shares being sold but at a lower price. The factories could no longer survive so closure was the only possible answer. This caused many problems throughout America, unemployment being one of them. The depression caused 2000 banks to collapse as the confidence in them were minimal. The confidence in the government also lacked as people started to realise that the President was not helping the situation. Herbert Hoover felt that 'money should not be spent in a depression' and that soon 'prosperity was around the corner.' By 1930 the unemployment rose to 12million, people were living in the streets with no shelter or food. Americas' situation was critical. After being elected in 1932, Franklin Roosevelt started to think of ways in which he could help America to recover its strength yet again. He concentrated on the different people who were suffering for example; banks, poor, unemployed and farmers. To help the banking industry the Emergency Banking Act forced the weak
USA: 1919 1941 Revision Notes
USA: 1919 – 1941 Start of economic boom: * Cheap labour force due to continuous immigration pre WWI, including unskilled labour * Onset of WWI and America’s late entry Reaction to WWI & After: * Set up the League of Nations, but did not join and chose to follow an isolationist policy * Entered late into the war so therefore had a plentiful supply of goods, and no physical damage on American soil * Availability of natural resources e.g. oil, coal, wood, iron * Sold supplies to fighting countries during the war, as well as loans * Economies in Europe were struggling to rebuild, allowing America to take over as the world’s largest producer of products such as fertilisers * Technological advances made: mechanisation, creation of plastic Economic Management: * Limited government intervention ‘laissez-faire’, with low taxes & few regulations encouraged economic growth in businesses * ‘Rugged individualism’, belief that people succeeded with their own hard work * Tariffs introduced to protect the US economy: import duties on goods to the USA, along with a reduction in income tax rates to allow people to spend more on American goods * Introduction of new production methods: the conveyor belt, which sped up production rates and increased profits * New materials introduced such as plastics and glass, helping create buildings such as skyscrapers * Wages
Do these sources support the view that the failure of Prohibition was inevitable?
History Coursework - (f) Koral Jackson 10R Study all the sources. Do these sources support the view that the failure of Prohibition was inevitable? This question is difficult to answer because most of the sources are based around what did happen rather than what was going to happen. Some sources say that the failure of Prohibition was likely, but not inevitable. The last sentence of Source A is "no earlier law had gone against the daily customs, habits and desires of so many Americans." This is pointing out that Prohibition was always bound to fail because "so many Americans" were against it. It is a fact that huge numbers of Americans were disobeying the Prohibition laws - we can see this clearly in sources G and H. The message Source A gives out is that Prohibition was never given a proper chance to work, because the American people who it affected were not prepared to give up their "daily customs, habits, and desires" so easily. It also did not help that the police were often not doing their job properly, and instead of enforcing Prohibition where criminals were found, they would often accept bribes and keep quiet about it. This is shown in Source J, where a policeman talks about being given a bribe by somebody who was obviously desperate to be able to carry on drinking: "A man dashed up to me
Do these sources support the view that the failure of Prohibition was inevitable?
f) Study ALL the Sources. Do these sources support the view that the failure of Prohibition was inevitable? Sources A to E all suggest different things. There is evidence to suggest that prohibition looked like it would succeed particularly at the beginning and in rural areas. Leading up to the introduction of prohibition there was allot of support for it and many thought it would be the end to poverty problems. Rural areas were not big drinkers and prior to prohibition over half the states had already turned 'dry'. Prohibition looked promising and there was plenty of evidence to suggest the success of it. However the real truth and fundamentals of the cause was society's unwillingness to except prohibition; alcohol had been part of the culture especially urban culture for years. Changing social values were also happening at this time as industrial urbanization made people feel more liberated and more and more immigrants were flocking to America. If people didn't want to abide by the law now was the time that they were more likely to rebel as they felt like they had more freedom and confidence than ever before. Due to this, prohibition became more and more likely to fail towards the end of the decade as industrialization grew, so did people's knowledge and general management and as immigrants flocked so came their need and knowledge of alcohol. When people found a way around
Do these two sources prove that Prohibition was successful?
Sean B.C Question D Do these two sources prove that Prohibition was successful? Sources G and H both give evidence that proves prohibition was successful. Although you could say that the evidence may be corrupt or unreliable, because both tables of statistics were published by the law enforcers of America, who wanted to show they were doing their job right. Source G shows that the federal agents were seizing more stills and spirits each year between 1921 and 1929. These figures show that the agents must have been really good at their job, because between 1921 and 1925 the gallons of spirits seized, rose from 414,000 to an amazing 11,030,000. This rise in the number of gallons seized shows us that Prohibition was working. The amount of illegal stills being seized also rose between, 1921 and 1925 this also supports the idea, that Prohibition was successful. Although these figures look good, we can see that between 1925 and 1929 the gallons of spirits seized had not risen anywhere near as much as it had in the last four years. There could be two explanations for this, either the people who made the spirits became better at hiding it or stopped altogether. I know that the figures between 1925 and 1929 do not make sense, because there was a lot of corruption in the police at that time, which could explain the statistics. I can support this
The New Deal
History coursework Assignment two Luke Sanderson a) In 1933, the new president of America, Franklin D Roosevelt, introduced The New Deal. He did this because of America's economic depression at the time. For example, many banks went bankrupt in the Wall Street Crash. This happened because, during the economic many people got involved in the stock market, especially in speculation. This was where you would buy lots of stocks with a loan, then way for them to rise slightly, and sell them off again, making a quick and easy profit. Many banks got involved in speculation, but people started to lose faith in the stock market, so everyone started to sell their shares. This meant that there were much more sellers than buyers which meant the whole system crashed. This caused banks to go bankrupt, along with everyone's money that were in those banks. This caused people to withdraw their savings from banks, causing even more to close down. Also there was the weakness of the US economy. After the boom, there was a strain on the consumer goods being bought, and other such things. The companies that sold cars and other luxuries were now producing more than they could sell, and the majority of the American population could not afford to buy them. Companies used huge amounts of advertising, but there was no demand for their products, as people's wages were still low, and prices were
The New Deal
The New Deal The New deal describes the program of US president Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1933 to 1939 of relief, recovery and reform. These new policies aimed to solve the economic problems created by the depression of the 1930's. The New Deal included federal actions of unprecedented extend to stimulate industrial recovery, assist victims of the depression, guarantee minimum living standards and prevent future economic crises. Many economic, political and social factors lead up to the New Deal. Staggering statistics like a 25% unemployment rate made it clear immediate actions were necessary. Roosevelt act quickly, as needed. From March to June 1932 he managed to get the US congress to pass a huge amount of legislations, which tackled most of the problems, which America faced after the Depression. Examples of these legislations are the following: The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), which had its aim to provide conservation work for unemployed young men. It succeeded its aim by employing 300 000 people in 1933 and by 1941 2.5 million people had taken part. Its results were that millions of trees were planted, reservoirs, forest roads, fire look-outs and canals were built and most importantly millions of people were employed and were given shelter and food (decreased the unemployment). The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) had as its aim to give
The New Deal
'The New Deal brought only a partial economic recovery and did not make life better for all Americans' How far do you agree with this statement. I do agree with this statement as although the New Deal's main aims were the recovery of the economy through the getting of agriculture and industry back up on their feet and through reducing unemployment and also the relief of the poor people who were hit hard by the depression, continual injections of billions of dollars of government money were needed to keep schemes working and the economy stable until the Second world war started in 1939 when demand for American goods and produce increased and the economy was lifted out of depression. Although it relieved the situation of poverty and saved people from losing their homes, the employment offered was often only short term and it did nothing to help blacks, ethnic minorities and there was little improvement to the rights and status of women. The New Deal relieved the suffering of millions of Americans by the use of Government funded relief to prevent homelessness and starvation. It did this through the FERA where $500 million was given to homeless, penniless and starving Americans. The HOLC loaned money to over 1 million people to prevent them losing their homes and the FCA prevented 1/5th of farmers to prevent them losing their farms. However these schemes were not sustainable as
The New Deal
NEW DEAL New Deal, the phrase, never exactly defined, that became the label for the antidepression measures of Franklin D. ROOSEVELT's first two terms as president. In accepting the DEMOCRATIC presidential nomination in 1932, Gov. Roosevelt of New York told the cheering delegates, "I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people." To Roosevelt's admirers the New Deal signified the most imaginative burst of federal domestic legislation in U.S. history. To his critics it was a miscellany of alphabetical agencies that failed to end the Great Depression. When Roosevelt took office in March 1933, the nation faced an economic crisis. Most of the country's banks, weakened by withdrawals of funds by frightened depositors, were closed. Between 13 and 15 million people were unemployed. To attack this crisis, Roosevelt thought, he would have to experiment in order to find the most practical approaches. For this reason his New Deal program lacked a consistent economic philosophy. It was opportunistic rather than theoretical in its approach to problems. But it was consistent in some ways. It possessed humanitarian goals, openness to new ideas, and a willingness to expand federal powers to achieve its ends. It proposed to provide relief for the needy, recovery for the nation at large, and long-range reform of some economic institutions. Relief Policies The relief
The New Deal
Describe the main features of the New Deal There were several features of the New Deal, for example new laws and agencies were created. The Tennessee Valley Authority was set up in 1933 and helped a huge area of America and covered seven states, which needed to catch up with the rest of the USA. There was extreme poverty in this area and Roosevelt decided the TVA would help get the area back on its feet. The TVA erected several dams, which created many jobs and benefited farmers who used the water to irrigate their farms, which had turned into dust bowls. The TVA also helped bring electricity to many peoples' homes in the area. The TVA helped the area as it regained the people's confidence and allowed people to buy more goods, which helped the area recover from the depression. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) helped young men and allowed them to work for 6 months on environmental projects in national parks and gave them the chance to work for a further 6 months if they could still not find work. Overall 2.5million people joined the CCC, which significantly reduced the unemployment levels and helped America recover. The National Recovery Administration (NRA) improved working conditions in industry and child labour was outlawed. The NRA also set out fairer wages and sensible levels of production. Roosevelt set this up so that all working conditions would be fair. Roosevelt