Was Australia Settled Or Invaded By The Europeans?
Was Australia Settled Or Invaded By The Europeans? By Atif Yamin Was Australia settled by Europeans or did they invade the territory which was owned by the Aboriginal people? For many years the Australian public has believed that Europeans peacefully settled in Australia. The Aborigines clearly inhabited the country before the Europeans settled in Australia. Historically, the Aborigines have been in Australia up to forty-thousand years before the obvious invasion by the Europeans. The Europeans invaded the land disregarding the will of the Aborigines and despite the resistance from them. When the first settlers arrived at Australia they declared it was uninhabited by humans even though they saw Aboriginals already settled in Australia. The Europeans did not even buy their own land. The Europeans just came to Australia and made their own laws and took all the land they wanted, divided the land into farms, houses, and stations and sold land to other settlers. They did this even though the official instructions by the King were to "grant unoccupied lands." The Law imported from England said that property rights had to be respected but in WA the law was ignored. The Europeans did not understand the use of land by the Aboriginals. They did not seem to be "farming" the land but that does not mean the Europeans were allowed to invade the land. Europeans built fences and
J.F.K. - President Kennedy faced many problems in the years 1961-1963 which he had to try and manage, Discuss.
J.F.K Coursework Question 1 President Kennedy faced many problems in the years 1961-1963 which he had to try and manage. Many of these he would try to solve with little or no support from congress. Some of these problems were economic and social change, the cold war and civil rights. At the beginning of his presidency he had very little respect, as he was in his forties, which was seen to be young for a president. Most if not all of the southern population of America thought Kennedy had no experience, and loathed the fact that he was president, this was why most of the equality laws were never really enforced. But as his time went on as president he gained much more trust, respect and admiration. The biggest problem America and Kennedy had to face was the cold war, after the Second World War Germany was split equally into sections run by the different allied countries. Unfortunately Russia's section of Germany had Berlin, which was a problem because the other countries thought it was only fair to get a share of the capital city as it had most of the important assets in it. Unfortunately Russia disagreed and this started off a big dispute, as all the countries in Russia's Berlin wouldn't get out. Stalin responded by trying to set up a blockade, all the roads and rail lines were blocked off which meant supplies couldn't reach the French, English and Americans. The western
The Role of White People in the Black Civil Rights Movement
The role of white people towards the black civil rights movement varied, generally, white southerners were against the movement whereas white northerners were supportive of the movement. However, northern whites living in urban areas with a high black population resented black civil rights movements because the black people increased competition for jobs and housing. Also, some southerners did support the black rights movement. The white citizens council was an organisation which was strongly opposed to desegregation, the organisation did not want blacks and whites to mix and were determined not to let desegregation occur. The organisation was strongest in the south as blacks were more active there. the council fought to keep everything separate so that no desegregation would take place at all. These views were similar to those of Ku Klux Klan (KKK), although not so extreme. Another similarity to the white citizens council was the views of J Edgar Hoover, the head of the FBI. Hoover was opposed to Martin Luther King because he believed him to be under the influence of Communists. Hoover ordered a new police initiative to disrupt the black civil rights movement. This was a major blow to the black movement because Hoover influenced many people. Southern whites were still mainly opposed to black civil rights, they believed blacks were inferior and still saw them as
Compare Holden Caulfield from The Catcher in the Rye, Ray Kinsella from Shoeless Joe, and Martin Luther King, Jr., a non-violent civil rights activist.
067630 The bulk of society has one generalized opinion on how life should be led. There are some people who reject these opinions and choose to follow their personal opinions, rather than the opinion of their society. Examples of these people are Holden Caulfield from The Catcher in the Rye, Ray Kinsella from Shoeless Joe, and Martin Luther King, Jr., a non-violent civil rights activist. They all chose to follow their own visions to how a life should be led, which is a fundamental to living a fulfilled life. In Shoeless Joe, Ray Kinsella rejects the society he lives in. His society believes that success is having a large house and a great deal of money. The truth is that people who have attained all of this material wealth are not always happy. Ray does not care about how much money he has; instead he does what makes him happy. In Shoeless Joe, Ray's wife, Annie, says to him, "... If it makes you happy you should do it." In this quote, Annie is referring to Ray's decision to build the baseball field. That is why Ray did it. It made him happy. He took this risk in pursuit of his dream. He did not care how expensive it would be or how much harder it would be to stay on the farm. His refusal to sell his farm showed that he had no cares about his financial well being. Those are worries shared by people who measure success with material wealth. Mark, Ray's
why the USA withdrew its forces from Vietnam in 1973
Why was there opposition to the Vietnam War and how was this opposition shown? The war in Vietnam divided America in a way not seen since the American Civil War of 1861. Supporters of the war were called "Hawks", opponents were called "Doves". President Nixon said "North Vietnam cannot defeat America. Only Americans can defeat America." This meant that it was opposition within America itself that would cost it victory. There were many reasons for Americans opposing this war. Firstly the expense of the war. The war was very expensive some blamed it from preventing the government spending money on welfare programmes, others blamed it for causing economic problems. Secondly the Draft, this was introduced because not enough young men volunteered for the army. This "hippy" generation was pro-peace. Once an American male turned 18 he was under federal order to register with Selective Service. This provided him an identification card. Applying for this card made local draft boards aware that the young man was now available for military service. Many young people thought this was very unfair. Thirdly Felt the war was wrong- The government said they were defending America from communism but Vietnam was a poor country over 12,000 miles away. People felt it couldn't pose a big threat to the USA. What was the point of their involvement? Media Coverage- This was the first
Research notes on Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam.
MALCOM X RESEARCH NOTES Book - The Autobiography of Malcolm X: As Told by Alex Haley PART 1 - Early Life SOURCES - http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/garvey_marcus.shtml https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/black-nationalism --------------- #3 - Father was Reverend Earl Little, Baptist Minister, organizer for Marcus Garvey’s UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Movement) #4 - Garvey (1887 - 1940) Jamaican political activist , believed that all black people should return to “their rightful homeland, Africa” * Black Nationalism (1960’s - current) Advocates for economic self sufficiency, race pride, black separatism. Critical of the gap between “American democratic ideals” and black separatism * Can be traced back to the 19th century, Martin Delany “a nation within a nation… really broken people” #5 - 1929 - House got burned down by whites, the “nightmare night” #30 - 1937 - 13yrs. got expelled from school, going to reform school, first went to detention home in Mason, Michigan #31 - 1929 - 1937 - dad died, Great Depression, mother “lost it” mentally, family was split up, moved to different homes, Malcolm moved in with neighbors #33 - “This is the sort of kindly condescension which I try to clarify today -- these so called ‘good white people’ -- the thing you must always remember: almost never does he see you as
Describe The Treatment of Black Africans in South Africa in the 1930's and 1940's
MINIVER OLIVER 10.2 SOUTH AFRICA COURSE WORK:ESSAY 1 "Describe The Treatment of Black Africans in South Africa in the 1930's and 1940's" In this essay I will be informing you on everything I know about the treatment of black South Africans in the 1930's and 1940's. I will be explaining how life was in the 1930's when they were under the Afrikaner government. I will be explaining how the second world war made them feel positive about their future and how things changed. I will also be giving you a little of information on the Atlantic Charter and how it also made people feel things were going to change. I will try to make my points clear so you can understand what I might have written. In the 1930's the blacks were under the Afrikaner government. At this time they were a lot of blacks in the cities and the Afrikaner hated it and the blacks. So since they were in power they had the lead to do anything. So they took this advantage and took the blacks to the reserves (a place where blacks were put to live, to be separated from the whites). They whites believed that blacks were culturally different from whites and that they were a country people and are supposed to live out in the villages or countryside's. The reserves weren't even healthy for humans to live, and they had animal conditions. The reserves amplified from 7% to 13.5%. The Afrikaner then stopped the blacks from
Describe the disadvantages that black Americans faced in the early 1950's
Describe the disadvantages that black Americans faced in the early 1950's The early 1950's was a time in American history when negro-Americans were discriminated against by the white authorities. They were discriminated againstin the following ways; Negro-Americans were given a poor quality education, they had to attend separate schools to the white children, as one of the crow laws stated that black and white children must be segregated and must not attend the same schools as each other. The schools for negro children did not receive the same financial help that white schools did , this resulted in a lack of facilities and resources. Black teachers were not allowed to work in Schools for White children. In schools for black children classes were overcrowded as there was not an adequate number of schools to cater for the black population, their schools were under funded by the state government, so it was under the states discresion how much money should be spent on negro schools, there were no actual laws set by government. Black teachers were not as qualified as white teachers, as Black people didn't have as good standard of education as white People. This affected Black peoples lives as they did not have the qualifications they needed to have a good career. Many of the black people could only manage to get low paid basic manual jobs which resulted in a
AN EXPLORATION AND CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LIFE, MINISTRY AND TEACHING OF MARTIN LUTHER KING.
Tosin Abdullai AN EXPLORATION AND CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LIFE, MINISTRY AND TEACHING OF MARTIN LUTHER KING. The events, which took place within the life of Martin Luther King, were earth shattering as they represented a society, which was hostile and quite different from the western world we see today. His contributions to our history place him in a high unbeatable position. He was very useful in helping us realise and correcting those unspeakable shortcomings and flaws that were tarnishing the name of the western world. The significant qualities of this special man cannot be underestimated nor taken for granted. Within a span of 13 years from 1955 to his death in 1968 he was able to expose and extricate the society from many wrongs. His tactics of protest involved non-violent passive resistance to racial injustice. It was the right prescription for America, and it was right on time. Hope for the black society was waning out especially in America, but Martin Luther King, Jnr. provided a candle along with a light. He also provided this world today a road map so that all people could locate and share together in the abundance of this great democracy, which was influenced mostly by his religious beliefs. King inspiration came mainly from his religious background and teachings. This was dominant in his family upbringing. He had also studied theology at the Crozer
How far did the release of Nelson Mandela in 1990 influence the transition to majority rule in 1994?
Modern World Study: South Africa How far did the release of Nelson Mandela in 1990 influence the transition to majority rule in 1994? The transition to majority rule in 1994 began with the election in which the ANC won with 62.5%. Nelson Mandela had an important role in the ending of apartheid. As the leader of the MK, he concentrated on sabotage and aimed to avoid loss of life. His release from prison in 1990 did not cease violent riots but the CODESA talks, which resulted in a constitutional agreement for a one-person-one-vote election, gave the ANC a fair chance to change South Africa back to a multi-racial democracy. However, there were also many other reasons besides Nelson Mandela that had helped to end apartheid. Black opposition against apartheid started to increase rapidly and became very violent, weakening much control of South Africa. The Defiance Campaign, 1952, invited arrest by ignoring "European Only" signs at post offices and railway stations. Although more than 8,000 were arrested during peaceful protests during the summer, these were emphasized when, in October, violent riots caused chaos in South Africa. At Sharpeville, after peaceful protests from the ANC and PAC, police shot 69 demonstrators and 180 were wounded. Many were shot in the back. There was a shocked international reaction which demanded apartheid should end. A major part of the opposition
