Collection of data to investigate the difference of two conditions.
Activity C: Collection of data to investigate the difference of two conditions State the hypothesis and null hypothesis for this activity. · The null hypothesis states that any difference in the ability to find words in a word search between the experimental condition and the control condition is due to chance factors. Thus, any differences in the dependant variable (number of words found in the word search) are not due to the independent variable (listening to metallica), and will be considered inconsequential, as they would be too small to take account of. · The hypothesis states that listening to metallica in the 5-minute time frame will significantly affect the participant's ability to find words in a word search. Identify the variables. Independent variable: Metallica Dependant variable: Number of words found in a word search in a limited amount of time.(5-minutes) Describe the two conditions. · Experimental condition: The experimental condition is where the participants listened to metallica whilst finding words in a word search · Control condition: The control condition is where the participants were in a quiet environment whilst finding words in a word search. Give details of the sample you used for you investigation.
I have chosen to investigate the similarities and differences between broadsheet and tabloid newspapers, and whether their really is a difference in lexical choice and grammar between the two.
Introduction I have chosen to investigate the similarities and differences between broadsheet and tabloid newspapers, and whether their really is a difference in lexical choice and grammar between the two. In our society today, there are various ranges of media which can influence and determine choices we make. One the most influential aspects is journalism. Newspapers are read all over the world by many different people who have very different lifestyles. Yet some papers can appeal to a whole range of people from many different professions. I intend to focus on the differences between these papers and the effect of social and ethical issues on them. From my research I hope to find that broadsheets use less emotive language and more descriptive, proving that supposedly more intelligent readers want more in-depth news and information. This will also show that tabloid papers make it easier for their readers by using simpler words and less complex sentences. Hypothesis "Readers of broadsheet newspapers are generally seen to be of a higher intelligence and socio-economic class than readers of tabloid papers." Methodology I have chosen to investigate the similarities and differences between broadsheet and tabloid newspapers, and whether their really is a difference in lexical choice and grammar between the two. I aim to prove that tabloid newspapers over the years have
"THE TABLOID VERSUS THE BROADSHEET"AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EDITORIAL AND PICTORAL CONTENT OF THE DAILY MAIL AND THE GUARDIAN NEWSPAPERS
"THE TABLOID VERSUS THE BROADSHEET" AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EDITORIAL AND PICTORAL CONTENT OF THE DAILY MAIL AND THE GUARDIAN NEWSPAPERS . INTRODUCTION British newspapers fall loosely into two categories the tabloid (which is half the size of a broadsheet) and the broadsheet itself, with tabloid newspapers tending to be quite different from broadsheets in style and content as well as in size. The so-called intelligent media represented by the Independent and the Guardian seem to present problems to their readers and say 'here is an article, judge for yourself from the information and the informed journalists that we offer. Commentators such as the art critic Brian Sewell stated "opinion, as expressed by a rag is worthless" with Mark Thompson the Director of BBC Television, commenting "I think people use the media in quite sophisticated ways. They might read a tabloid newspaper for fun but it doesn't mean they believe everything in it is true." If you look on a news-stand the British national newspapers can be roughly divided as follows:- Broadsheet Tabloid The Guardian The Daily Mail The Independent The Express The Financial Times The Star The Telegraph The Sun The Times The Mirror The table shown above illustrates an example of a stratified sample. This type of sample is made up of different layers of the population that are to be investigated. The
The aim of the experiment was to see if people's attention is affected by using The Stroop Effect.
A2 Psychology Emily Colman The Practical Project Abstract The aim of the experiment was to see if people's attention is affected by using The Stroop Effect. This was done by participants reading out a list of colours written in the colour stated (non-conflicting), and a list of words written in a different colour (conflicting). The sample used was opportunity consisting of 10 students, aged 17-19 years, both male and female. The results using the Wilcoxon test proved to be very significant at a <0.001 level of probability, as it took longer for participants to read out the conflicting list of words as predicted. It was concluded that when the conflicting colours are read out, attention is interfered with, and therefore it takes longer for the person to read correctly. Background The Stroop Effect theory was found by J.R. Stroop who found that an individual when reading a list of continuous coloured words naming the colour (e.g. 'red' written in red, 'blue' written in blue). After doing this, the participant is then asked to read another list of coloured words but the colours are conflicting to the words(e.g. 'red' written in green and 'yellow' written in blue). The participant immediately confuses themselves with the non- matching colours and when instructed to read the colour of the word they cannot help but
Handling data.
Situation My father enjoys reading both sport and current affairs articles in the Independent newspaper. Although he enjoys both, he prefers to read the sport articles in the morning, as he says they are easier to read. His reasons for saying that is because he thinks the word lengths are shorter. I will carry out an investigation to determine whether word lengths are shorter in sports articles then they are in current affairs articles. Hypothesis The word length in sports articles is generally shorter then that in current affairs articles. Sampling It would be impossible for me to investigate every sport and current affairs article in the Independent due to the size of each section of the paper. Instead of doing this, I will take a sample of data from one article of each genre. Sampling is taking a small section of data to represent a larger body of information (population). There are two main types of sampling, they are Stratified and Random. Stratified Sampling is when a sample is taken proportionally to the content of each strata, where as if there were 120 pieces of data in one strata and 80 in another, then the proportional reading of these would be 60:40 proportionally. Random Sampling is when we select our data at random to study it. The problem with Random Sampling is that we cannot make it truly random, so it is a difficult method to use correctly. Bias
The hydraulic cylinders and system in the barrage are used to raise or lower the sluice gates. The sluice gates control the water level of the bay and allow water to leave the bay when the water level is higher than average.
Hydraulics The hydraulic cylinders and system in the barrage are used to raise or lower the sluice gates. The sluice gates control the water level of the bay and allow water to leave the bay when the water level is higher than average. The sluice gates are set up as shown: Each gate leaf is raised and lowered by a pair of single acting hydraulic cylinders. The hydraulic cylinders are linked electronically in order that the pairs of cylinders travel at identical rates. The cylinders, one on either side of the gates, are bolted onto a horizontal steel beam, which is bolted into a concrete structure. The rod end of the hydraulic cylinders that raise and lower the upper gate leaves have double extension stub shafts. The cylinders for the lower gate leaf are attached via a bearing. Hydraulically operated latches are incorporated into the gate recesses to support both upper and lower gate leaves in the maintenance-raised position. Temposonics are used to sensor and maintain the level of the hydraulic oil. Hydraulic drive- upper leaf Cylinder dimensions: Piston diameter = 200mm Rod diameter = 90mm Stroke length = 3100mm Stroke length(max) = 3150mm Weight approx. 1500kg Max cylinder force = 275kN Gate moving velocities: Opening = 1 m/min
Statistical Investigation
Statistical Investigation: Newspaper Comparison For my statistical investigation coursework project, I have chosen to compare "The Sun" (tabloid) and "Financial Times" (broadsheet). I will analyse both of those newspapers for context and style and make comparisons between them. I will consider amounts of space devoted to different items such as, images, articles and headlines. Most importantly I will be analysing the readability in terms of word lengths. Finally I will conclude my investigation by commenting on the data collected and how my results relate to my initial hypothesis. Tabloid: The Sun Broadsheet: Financial Times More images More text Large headline Detailed A3 A2 (usually) Less complex language More complex language Lower reading age Higher reading age Less content More important news Shorter words Longer words Hypothesises . The pages of the tabloid will be covered with a larger area of images than the broadsheet. I will prove this by measuring the total area of the images on each front page of each newspaper and work that out as a percentage of the total area of each page, then compare. 2. The headlines of the tabloid are larger than the headlines of the broadsheet. I will test this by measuring and comparing the sizes of the front page headlines of each paper. 3. There is more space dedicated to the actual text in the front
Investigate whether it is possible to gain information about authorship of a text using statistical measures.
Maths Coursework Aims, Strategies and Objectives Aims Authorship- I am going to investigate whether it is possible to gain information about authorship of a text using statistical measures. The main advantage of using statistical measures is that they are easy to use and objective. Strategies Compare the word lengths and sentence lengths of two novels one modern and one historical novel. The novels must be as different as possible so that the statistical theories will work. Stats depend on an author's style of writing and not the publishers efficient for example an author wont change the way he writes like words and sentence lengths will always be similar, but a publisher will change things like number of pages in a book or number of lines on a page. Therefore I will take the random samples of the word lengths and sentence lengths. Statistical theories depend on the samples being random I am going to find the mean an standard deviations of the samples and using this information make an unbiased estimation of the population µ and ? then I will find the confidence intervals for the population µ and compare them. Convidence intervals are an interval estimate of an unknown population parameters constructed so that it has a given probability of including the parameters. Consider a population with unknown ? If we can find an interval (a , b) such that P(a< ? <b) =
Find out the differences between three major newspapers; The Independent, The Daily Mail, The Sun.
2004 Maths Coursework By Scott Volker 1P Introduction: In this piece of coursework, I have been working to try and find out the differences between three major newspapers. I decided to use the following newspapers; The Independent, The Daily Mail, The Sun. I chose these three newspapers because, The Independent is a broadsheet newspaper and gives a very detailed account of the article, The Daily Mail is a tabloid newspaper and gives a fairly detailed account of the article, and finally The Sun, this newspaper is a very popular newspaper with most people but gives a very brief account on the article. For this coursework I brought all three newspapers on the same day and then used the same article, this would then give a fair result at the end. The question I have asked for this piece of coursework is, to work out the various word lengths each newspaper article has. To do this I will select the first five paragraphs of each article and count the amount of letters in each word. I will record this data in a frequency table. From this table I will produce a five point summary which includes, mode median and mean. Then from this I will produce a box and whisker plot to show the inter quartile ranges for each newspaper. The Independent Below is the frequency table for the article I chose from the, The Independent: No. of letters in a word Frequency Tally Frequency
In my mathematics coursework we are comparing two newspaper articles a tabloid and a broadsheet.
INTRODUCTION: In my mathematics coursework we are comparing two newspaper articles a tabloid and a broadsheet to see to see the numbers of letters there are in an article between the two newspapers and see why there different from each other. I will use a random of 50 words from each article. HYPOTHOSIS: I think that words in a broadsheet are more complicated and larger in amount than a tabloid. . words in a broadsheet are larger 2. a broadsheet has longer sentences METHOD: . First we need to select our 50 words. We were given small piece of paper with random numbers on it this would determine the spaces between each word. E.g. 57=5 spaces from the first word 7 from the next 2. We need to count the number of letters of each of our 50 words in each article and put them in a chart. 3. Next we need to calculate the average word length and analyze the results. 4. When I select words I will ignore Names of people Names of places And numbers 5. Now we need to draw up a tally chart for our results. 6. From the tally chart we need to draw 2 bar line graphs. E.g. 7. Then we need to figure out the mode median range and mean. Mode: most frequent number Mean: largest take away lowest Median: middle number Range: add all up and divide by total amount. RESULTS: These are my results tables for my number of letters in a word in a tabloid. Random number Word Word