13. 2 13. 0
Total = 19 19
Report =Arsenal bids/Back Page
The Times: The Mirror:
Word length (letters) Tally Frequency Word length (letters) Tally Frequency
1. 0 1. 0
2. 1 2. 1
3. 3 3. 2
4. 0 4. 3
5. 5 5. 2
6. 0 6. 0
7. 0 7. 0
8. 0 8. 2
9. 0 9. 0
10. 0 10. 2
11. 0 11. 1
12. 1 12. 0
13. 0 13. 0
Total= 13 13
Report =Economics
The Times: The Mirror:
Word length (letters) Tally Frequency Word length (letters) Tally Frequency
1. 0 1. 0
2. 3 2. 2
3. 3 3. 4
4. 7 4. 2
5. 1 5. 4
6. 1 6. 1
7. 0 7. 1
8. 1 8. 3
9. 2 9. 1
10. 0 10. 0
11. 0 11. 0
12. 0 12. 0
13. 0 13. 0
Total= 18 18
Report = All three reports/front page, economics and back page
Paper: paper:
Word length (letters) Tally Frequency Word length (letters) Tally Frequency
1. 0 1. 1
2. 6 2. 7
3. 9 3. 7
4. 9 4. 9
5. 5 5. 9
6. 8 6. 2
7. 2 7. 2
8. 3 8. 6
9. 4 9. 2
10. 1 10. 4
11. 0 11. 1
12. 1 12. 0
13. 2 13. 0
Total= 50 50
Tables showing Frequency Density
The Times:
Word Length Interval Width Frequency Frequency Density
1-2 2 6 6/2=3
3-4 2 18 18/2=9
5-6 2 13 13/2=6.5
7-8 2 5 5/2=2.5
9-10 2 5 5/2=2.5
11-13 3 3 3/3=1
The Mirror:
Word Length Interval Width Frequency Frequency Density
1-2 2 8 8/2=4
3-4 2 16 16/2=8
5-6 2 11 11/2=5.5
7-8 2 8 8/2=4
9-10 2 6 6/2=3
11-13 3 1 1/3=0.3
Tables showing Mean, Variance and Standard Deviation
The Times The Mirror
Mean
Front page/Politics 6.42 4.89
Back Page/Football 5.23 5.92
Economics 4.44 5
Variance
Front page/Politics 10.23 7.76
Back Page/Football 5.72 8.695
Economics 4.58 4.67
Standard Deviation
Front page/Politics 3.2 2.71
Back Page/Football 2.39 2.95
Economics 2.14 2.16
Interpretation/ Analysis
By looking at the tally charts and box plots for both The Times and The Mirror on the report on the front page it shows that there is a larger range from The Times. It has a range of 11 to the range of 9 from The Mirror. The median is also a lot higher. The Times has 6 compared to the 4 of The Mirror (A difference of 2 letters per word). The inter quartile range is similar though, The Times has I.Q.R of 6 compared to The Mirrors 5. The upper and lower quartiles are both higher from The Times. The Times has an upper quartile of 9 and The Mirror has 7. The lower quartile is 3 for The Times and 2 for The Mirror. This suggests that The Times has more letters on average than The Mirror, but this is only from a small section of the paper.
The tally charts and box plots for both The Times and The Mirror from the report on the back page shows a range of 9 for The Mirror and 10 for The Times. The median is the same for both, which is at 5 but The Mirror has a larger inter quartile range than The Times. The upper quartile range is 10 and the lower is 4 giving The Mirror an inter quartile range of 6 whereas The times has an upper of 6 and a lower of 3 giving it an inter quartile range of 3. The upper quartile is a lot higher for The Mirror which overall means it has larger words than The Times for this section.
The tally charts and box plots for both The Times and The Mirror on the report shows that there is an equal range of 7. The median is higher for The Mirror it is 5 compared to the 4 of The Times. The Mirror has a larger inter quartile range than The Times. The upper is 8 and the lower is 3 which giving it a 5 for the inter quartile range. The Times has an upper of 6 and a lower of 3 which gives it a 3 for the inter quartile range. The Mirror has a higher median and a higher upper quartile than The Times. This suggests that The Mirror has a higher letter count than The Times.
The last two tally charts and box plots show all 3 reports grouped together. This gives an overall view of the paper. The overall view is important so I have drawn Histograms to give a better view of the papers word size. The box plots show that the papers have the same median, upper and lower quartiles so therefore has a same inter quartile range. The Times has a higher boundary of 13 letters per word compared to a much lower upper boundary of 11 for The Mirror. Lower boundaries is 2 fir The Times and 1 for The Mirror. This gives The Times a range of 12 and The Mirror 10. The Mirrors Histograms show a high frequency density around 3-6 with a very low frequency density in the high letters per word area on the graph (11-13) whereas The Times has a higher frequency density around the high letters per word area. This shows that The Times has larger words.
The cumulative frequency diagram shows The Times to have a greater frequency of letters per word. The Mirror has more medium size words than The Times. The graph shows The Mirror having more constant data.
The Times has a larger mean than The Mirror 5.4 compared to 5.2 this is only a small difference and could have been achieved by chance. The standard deviation is greater for The Times 2.83 compared to 2.63, which means The Mirror, has more constant data. The Times has a higher and a lower number of letters per word.
Conclusion/Evaluation
My prediction is correct. In the conclusion the results suggest that The Times has more letters per word on average than The Mirror, but this does not mean that this is conclusive. There is only a small sample that has been taken. If there was more time larger, more wider investigations could have been taken. I could have investigated other newspapers. I could also have investigated on the size of photographs or pictures that were in the papers, to see if there was a correlation between the size and number of pictures to the size of the words. A factor for there not being enough time was that I collected the results in a group but then lost the results. So I got some old newspapers from a month ago which were available to me and started on my own results.
Word size might not mean that the paper is more profound or easier to read, this assumption I made may be false and invalidate the investigation, this means my conclusion is not definite and I can not take it far.
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