Rate of photosynthesis
Aim For my biology coursework I will be investigating the affect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis, at a determined distance. The investigation will be carried out with experiment using scientific techniques. I will then make possible predictions, which I will be, explaining using appropriate scientific knowledge. Background knowledge Photosynthesis is light dependant reaction. In photosynthesis water splits to make hydrogen and oxygen. This stage needs light, so is called light reaction. The second stage of photosynthesis is called dark reaction three hydrogen combine with carbon dioxide to make glucose. In this stage enzymes are involved, so by looking at the equation below the factors which affect the rate of photosynthesis can be found which are: (Light) 6CO2 + 6H2O A C6H12O6 + 6O2 (in the presence of chlorophyll) * Light intensity * Carbon dioxide * Temperature Each of the above factors is dependant on each other, therefore Four things are needed for photosynthesis to happen. * Light form the sun * Chlorophyll, the green substance which is found in chloroplasts * Carbon dioxide, enters the leaf form the air around * Water comes from the soil, up the stem and into the leaf Photosynthesis takes place in the leaves of all green plants. The leaves are best for photosynthesis, because: * Leaves are thin and flat to provide a large surface
Is air a good insulator?
Is air a good insulator? Plan In this experiment I am trying to find out if air is a good insulator. There are three different types of heat transfer Conduction, Convection and Radiation. Conduction mostly occurs in metals because as metals get hotter the ions in it start to vibrate and they get a lot more kinetic (movement) energy. Then this energy is transferred to the cooler parts of the metal where it has free electrons as they diffuse through the metal, bumping into other ions and electrons. Metals are really good conductors because they allow energy through them quickly on the other hand non-metals are not good conductors because they let energy through them slowly but that makes them a good insulator. Convection only occurs in liquids and gasses. As a liquid or gas gets hotter and hotter the particles move faster causing it to expand and becomes less dense then other regions. Once the liquid or gas is warm it will rise and be replaced with colder denser regions. Radiation always emits in infrared and the warmer the object the more heat energy it gives out. It depends on the surface of an object on how much radiation is given in/taken out. An insulator is something that does not conduct thermal energy easily. I think air is not a good insulator because its particles are going anywhere but if the air were trapped in someway then it would make a good insulator.
Investigate a factor that affects the rate of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis Aim: To investigate a factor that affects the rate of photosynthesis. A piece of pondweed will be cut and placed into a beaker containing water and sodium hydrogen carbonate. A lamp will be shined on to the pondweed and the amount of bubbles released from the plant will be counted. The lamp will be adjusted to different distances from the plant to try and obtain different results. Green plants are the only living things that can make their own food. They do this using a process called photosynthesis, which means, "making things with light." During the process of photosynthesis, the energy from the sun is turned into chemical energy. The chemical energy is used to join carbon dioxide and water. In the process, sugar and oxygen are created. This process takes place mainly in the leaves of the plant. Leaves contain a substance called chlorophyll that traps the sun's energy. The chlorophyll is a bright green colour, which explains why plants are green. Through the process of photosynthesis, plants convert the light energy into stored energy. Because green plants can manufacture their own food, plants are called autotrophs or self-nourishing. Photosynthesis is possible because green plants contain an energy- capturing substance called chlorophyll. The plant gets its green colour because chlorophyll is green. Many types of seaweed and other plants that do not
Investigate a factor that affects the rate of photosynthesis.
Aim: To investigate a factor that affects the rate of photosynthesis. Introduction: A measured piece of pondweed will be cut and placed into a beaker containing measured amounts of water and sodium hydrogen carbonate. A lamp will be shined on to the pondweed and the amount of bubbles that are produced from the plant will be counted. The lamp will be adjusted to different distances from the plant to try and obtain differing results. The point of this experiment is to find out how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis. The equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon Dioxide + Water (light energy) Glucose + Oxygen Light intensity will be the controlled variable looked at in this investigation. Increasing or decreasing the distance from the light source to the plant varies the light intensity. Fixed Variables Why the rate of photosynthesis increases or decreased from the amount of light energy absorbed is what is being investigated in this experiment. Pigments in the leaf such as chlorophyll absorb light energy. Chlorophyll easily absorbs blue light, in the 400-450 nm range, and also easily absorbs red light in the 650-700 nm range. Chlorophyll does not absorb green light or yellow light effectively but tends to reflect them, decreasing the amount of light absorbed and decreasing the rate of photosynthesis. The light colour can be fixed
Investigate how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis.
Biology SC1 Introduction Plants also take in energy, like humans, who get their energy from raw materials-such as food, however plants do not seem to be in taking food their mostly common source of raw materials comes from the soil. A statement from GCSE Biology states'...Experiments show that the weight gained by a growing plant is far greater than the weight lost by the soil it is growing in.' This statement implies that there must be an increase in the raw materials such as water and air. A hypothesis to show a source of food in plants is from the air, water and soil salts. Glucose contains three elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C6H12O6). The carbon and oxygen is mainly supplied by (CO2) from the air and the hydrogen from water (H2O), in the soil. What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis the building up of complicated food molecules from simple substances better known as 'synthesis.' In order for this process to take place, it requires enzymes and energy. The first stage where synthesis begins is from the sun. The sun supplies the plant as a source of light, which is essential for photosynthesis. This is where we get the word 'photo' from as it means 'light'. Therefore this process is referred to as photosynthesis. So, what is the process of photosynthesis, and where does it take place? Photosynthesis takes place in the green substance known as chlorophyll.
osmosis coursework
Osmosis investigation Aim: to investigate the affect of using different amounts of sugar solution and to measure the osmotic reaction when different amounts are put on a small potato chip. Intro: we were told that we were going to be doing an investigation in to osmosis as our coursework, osmosis is a process involving molecules and a semi-permeable membrane from a place of higher concentration of molecules to a place of lower concentration of molecules until the concentration on both sides is equal. To find out about osmosis we did an experiment involving putting equal bits of potato chip into some different solutions of water and sugar-solution and see what affect it had on the potato after a certain amount of time. We also had to think about things which would affect the experiment and the ideas we came up with were size of chip, temperature and types of potato. Hypothesis Wikipiedia define osmosis as "the net movement of water or any other solution as molecules from a region in which they are highly concentrated to a region in which they are less concentrated." This movement must take place across a semi-permeable membrane, which lets smaller molecules like water through but does not allow bigger molecules to pass through e.g. sugar. The molecules will continue to move in and out until the area in which the molecules are found is equal. For this particular
Osmosis Coursework
Osmosis Coursework Definition Osmosis is the passage of water from a region of high water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration. The definition contains three important statements: . Osmosis is the passage of water from a region of high water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration. 2. Osmosis is the passage of water from a region of high water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration. 3. Osmosis is the passage of water from a region of high water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration. It does not matter too much which order you put these statements in. Nor does it matter if you write the definition as one sentence or three sentences. All that matters in your exam is that you make all three points when you explain what osmosis is. Explanation First the definition of osmosis: . Semi-permeable membranes are very thin layers of material (cell membranes are semi-permeable) which allow some things to pass through them but prevent other things from passing through. Cell membranes will allow small molecules like Oxygen, water, Carbon Dioxide, Ammonia, Glucose, amino-acids, etc. to pass through. Cell membranes will not allow larger molecules like Sucrose, Starch, protein, etc. to pass
Photosynthesis Investigation
Photosynthesis By Alun Tweedale Introduction Photosynthesis occurs only in the presence of light, and takes place in the chloroplasts of green plant cells. Photosynthesis can be defined as the production of simple sugars (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water, which then release sugar and oxygen. Belo is the chemical equation for photosynthesis: light 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Photosynthesis will only take place in the presence of chlorophyll. All plants need light in order to photosynthesise (this is proven in many times in experiments) and so without light the plant would die. The light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis is because as light, falls on the chloroplasts in each leaf and is trapped by the chlorophyll. This makes the energy available for chemical reactions in the plant. Which means as the amount of (sun)light (Light from the bulb) falls on the plant, more energy is absorbed, so more energy is available for the chemical reactions and so the quicker the rate of photosynthesis can occur. I have discovered that there are four ways in which the rate of Photosynthesis can change: . Light Intensity 2. Carbon Dioxide availability 3. Water availability 4. Temperature In our experiment we will use the amount of Oxygen produced because we can measure this easily and that it is a by-product of photosynthesis. Aim The aim is to find out
Photosynthesis Investigation
Biology Aim of the Experiment The aim if this experiment is to see if changing one of the variables of photosynthesis will affect the pondweeds rate of photosynthesis. Variables that can affect the rate of photosynthesis: Light duration Photosynthesis is only affected by light duration in that it only occurs during periods of light. Light intensity Very high light intensities may bleach chlorophyll and so make photosynthesis impossible. Carbon dioxide concentration CO2 diffuses into the leaf through the stomata from the atmosphere. This is one of the main things used in photosynthesis and without it photosynthesis can't take place. Temperature Many reactions within photosynthesis are controlled by enzymes and therefore temperature sensitive. Enzymes work best at 37.5? and stop working at about 47? because they start dying. Chlorophyll concentration Chlorophyll is one of the main chemicals used in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is not normally a limiting factor but it can become one if the levels are abnormally low. Iron, magnesium, nitrogen and sunlight are necessary for chlorophyll production, so if the plant is in an area where there is a little of one of these things then the plant could have a lack of chlorophyll and ?naturally have a lower rate of photosynthesis. Pollution Low levels of ozone and sulphur dioxide can damage some plant leaves. Also some
Photosynthesis Investigation
Photosynthesis Investigation Prediction The equation for photosynthesis is: Water + Carbon Dioxide Glucose + Oxygen 6H2O (l) 6CO2 (g) C6H12O6 (aq) 6O2 From this equation it is seen that sunlight is very important in the production of glucose. If all other products are available e.g. water and carbon dioxide in sufficient quantities then light can be used as a variable. If not enough of any reactant is present it will be a limiting factor. This means that no matter how much light is added no more glucose can be made. In our experiment the plant i.e. elodea is placed in water and sodium hydrogen carbonate is added thereby preventing a limiting factor. This is because the water of course is plentiful and the sodium hydrogen carbonate provides the elodea with carbon dioxide. The only way that a limiting factor can be reached is if the temperature rises too high. To prevent this we placed a beaker in front of the light source, which absorbed the heat. The beaker also prevented an increase in temperature as the lamp was moved closer to the elodea. The introduction of the beaker stopped an additional factor entering the experiment. As a limiting factor is unlikely to occur I anticipate that there will be a positive correlation between the rate of photosynthesis and the light intensity. This means that as the light intensity doubles the rate of
