DIARRHOEA, DIGESTION AND DEHYDRATIONDiarrhoea is a condition in which the sufferer has frequent and watery, chunky, or loose bowel
Derrick OKRAH DIARRHOEA, DIGESTION AND DEHYDRATION Diarrhoea is a condition in which the sufferer has frequent and watery, chunky, or loose bowel. Micro-organisms cause diarrhoea by the production of toxins which interfere with the normal mechanisms for the absorption of water. The result is a high concentration of unabsorbed substances in the lumen, which restrict the absorption of water from the gut into the blood because of the water potential gradient, is in a wrong direction. Diarrhoea is not normal because when it prevents the digestive system from absorbing the essential salts, nutrients and water from the food being eaten; instead they are lost from the body as runny or watery bowel motion. Dehydration occurs when these losses are not replaced adequately and a deficit of water and electrolytes develops. Treating Diarrhoea Although the toxins prevent the normal mechanisms uptake of essential salts they have very little effect on the co-transport proteins, therefore if these co-proteins work a little better we can be able to ensure that adequate amounts of glucose and sodium ions are taken which should go a long way towards clearing up the attack of diarrhoea. Therefore drinking measured amounts of glucose and mineral salts and then mixing with set volume of clean water will stimulate sodium and glucose uptake by the co-transport proteins. The solution is absorbed
Key Stage 4 Photosynthesis Investigation
Key Stage 4 Photosynthesis Investigation Aim: The aim is to find out weather light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis. Prediction + Theory/Hypothesis: I predict that light intsinty (brightness) does affect the rate of photosynthesis. As the intensity gets higher I expect that the rate of photosynthesis will increase, until it can't increase any more dew to limiting factors such as Co2 levels + temperature Plan/Method: . Set up all equipment (see diagram). 2. Set the voltage on the power pack and then turn on the power pack. 3. Time for 1 min, then, when 1 min is up, turn off the power pack. 4. Use the micro-burette and record the results. 5. Do step 2-3-4 until you reach the maximum voltage (that you want) Equipment List: * Glass block * Power pack * Light bulb * Glass beaker * Water (100ml) * Pond weed * Micro-burette Diagram: Results: Voltage (volts) Exp. 1 Oxygen Collected (cm3) Exp. 2 Oxygen collected (cm3) Exp. 3 Oxygen collected (cm3) 4 6.25 25.15 5.70 6 25.14 30.15 20.55 8 62.70 00.48 40.67 0 75.45 25.70 55.85 2 00.20 75.60 85.75 Conclusion: From my results I can conclude that my prediction was correct. My prediction about limiting factors such as Co2 level + temperature were also correct. Evaluation: I think that my method was suitable for this investigation as you can see from my results. I think that my
Amazon Rainforest Water Cycle
Amazon Rainforest Water Cycle This diagram shows how water cycles throughout the rainforest; . Heavy tropical rainfall occurs. It is convectional rainfall and is caused by the process of convection in the atmosphere. When the surface laysers of the atmosphere are heated, the moisture laden air rises in a convection current, and in rising is cooled untill the dew-point is reached, and its water vapour condenses and forms cloud; the convection current is sometimes so stong that the cloud becomes extended extremely high, and its water content becomes so considerable that heavy rainfall is deposited. 2. 80% of the rainfall is intercepted by trees and plants, and does not reach the ground. 3. High evaptranspiration takes place during the day. This is the loss of moisture from the soil in the form of water vapour, including that lost by evaporation from open bodies of water e.g. rivers, and also that lost by transpiration from growing plants. 4. Warm, moist air rising creates Cumulus and Cumulo Nimbus clouds. 5. During late afternoon/early evening (5-6pm), temperature drops and clouds condense causing rain. In the Amazon, the rain is relatively steady all year round, giving a stable environment for growth. Little water reaches the Amazon, and even less will reach the
What factors might affect the rate of production of oxygen by plant?
What factors might affect the rate of production of oxygen by plant? Variables Light Heat Water Carbon Dioxide Time Spent Counting Size of Boiling Tube Distance of Lamp Amount of Water Choose one variable that you are going to investigate. Light Intensity is to be the Variable Explored in this Investigation. Think about how you can change this variable. Escalating or Reducing the distance from the light source to the plant can vary the light intensity. What would you do to other variables? Equipment Pond Weed Lamp Stop Clock Meter Ruler Plan A piece of pondweed will be cut and placed into a beaker containing water and sodium hydrogen carbonate. A lamp will be shined on to the pondweed and the amount of foam released from the plant will be counted. The lamp will be adjusted to different distance from the plant to try and obtain different results. Results Distance of Lamp from Apparatus Number of Gas Bubbles/ Minute Group A Group B Group C Group D Average Lamp Off 0 0 0 0 0 00 cm 0 2 1 0 3 50 cm 9 39 26 0 24 30 cm 41 60 53 42 42 0 cm 59 Over 100 79 60 Over 75 Sadeck Amin
The Effect of Carbon Dioxide Levels on Photosynthesis
The Effect of Carbon Dioxide Levels on Photosynthesis When the concentration of carbon dioxide is low the rate of photosynthesis is also low. This is because the plant has to spend a certain amount of time doing nothing, waiting for more carbon dioxide to arrive. Increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide increases the rate of photosynthesis. The time spent idle becomes less and less. There is a point at which further addition of carbon dioxide will not increase the rate of photosynthesis. The enzymes controlling the reaction are working as fast as possible, so the excess carbon dioxide cannot be utilized. Carbon dioxide is not the limiting factor at this
