Factors That Affect the Rate of Photosynthesis
Science Investigation: Factors That Affect the Rate of Photosynthesis Planning: Preliminary Work --> Plan A Aim: The aim of our investigation is to find out how the factor, light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis. Prediction: ·I think that when the light source is closer to the plant, the rate of photosynthesis will be quicker. (Ref: 'Biology for You'). · I also think that the rate of photosynthesis will increase steadily until a certain point. (Ref: 'Biology for You'). Hypothesis: ·The rate of photosynthesis will be quicker when the light source is near because all plants have chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is like an enzyme. They capture sunlight for photosynthesis. All enzymes work best in warm temperature but not when hot. If the temperature is too hot, the enzyme will be destroyed and no longer able to photosynthesize. · The rate of photosynthesis increases proportional to the light intensity until a certain point because it'll be the carbon dioxide level or temperature that is preventing the rate of photosynthesis. A plant relies mainly on carbon dioxide, temperature and light intensity. We have already provided the plant light intensity but not carbon dioxide and temperature. Since we have not provided the other two, the plant can only be able to photosynthesize to a certain point because carbon dioxide and temperature will become the limiting factors
How Temperature Effects the Movement of Pigment Through Cell Membranes
HOW TEMPERATURE EFFECTS THE MOVEMENT OF PIGMENT THROUGH CELL MEMBRANES Abstract The experiment below displays the effects of temperature on the pigment in uncooked beetroot cells. The pigment in beetroot cells lies within the cell vacuole and is called anthocyanin, each vacuole is surrounded by a tonoplast membrane and outside it, the cytoplasm is surrounded by the plasma membrane, therefore the foundation of this experiment lies with the temperature at which the membranes will rupture and therefore leak the pigment. To do this a series of uncooked beetroot cylinders will be exposed to different temperatures and then to distilled water at room temperature (24ºC). The colour of the distilled water is the variable here which will show us, using a colorimeter what temperature the membranes splits using the transmission of the water (light passing directly through and the absorbency (light getting absorbed by the anthocyanin molecules). Introduction Within the cells of a beetroot plant, a pigment is held within the vacuole of a beetroot cell, this pigment gives the beetroot its red/purple colour. If a cell is damaged or ruptured in a beetroot and the cell surface membrane ruptures, the pigment 'drains' from the cells like a dye. It is this distinction that can be employed to test which conditions may affect the integrity of the cell surface membrane. The pigments are actually
How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis
Guillaume Wright 10C2 GCSE Science Coursework C/W Collecting Oxygen gas during Photosynthesis - How does light intensity 29/4/01 affect the rate of photosynthesis Aim : To find out how light intensity will affect the rate of photosynthesis in a piece of Canadian Pondweed. Prediction : I predict that as I increase the distance between the light source and the Canadian Pondweed (reducing the light intensity), the volume of oxygen produced within the time limit (the measure of the rate of photosynthesis) will decrease. This will happen because as the light source is moved further away, less light rays will reach the surface of the Pondweed, shown by this diagram; Light source Light rays Pondweed Light rays Light source Pondweed This will mean that less light (particles or waves) will go through the clear Cuticle and upper Epidermis and reach the palisade layer. This means that less light will reach each cell on average, and as light is needed for photosynthesis to make the water and carbon dioxide react together (making it a limiting factor) and so less light means less water and carbon dioxide is reacted together in the time, therefore there will be a decreased rate of photosynthesis, and less oxygen produced will be
The aim of our investigation is to find out how the amount of light, that is light intensity, affects the rate of photosynthesis.
Investigating Photosynthesis Aims: The aim of our investigation is to find out how the amount of light, that is light intensity, affects the rate of photosynthesis. Background information: What variables are involved. Dependant variable: Light intensity, distance, lamp and plant. Key factors to control: * temperature * number of leaves * presence of chlorophyll * time Preliminary practical work: Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen Light and chlorophyll 6CO + 6H O C H O + 60 * Photosynthesis is when green plants produce glucose from sunlight. * Light energy, water, chlorophyll, glucose and carbon dioxide are needed for photosynthesis to take place. * Sunlight, chlorophyll, water and carbon dioxide are needed during photosynthesis. * Sodium hydrogencarbonate increases the levels of carbon dioxide in a plant. * It does matter if all the leaves are of different sizes because then the experiment will not be fair and therefore results will not be reliable. * We can assume that each leaf is approximately the same size because there is no need to measure each leaf exactly, an estimate would be more preferable within the width of the leaf. Each leaf should have similar sizes to be approximate. * The amount of light on a plant may be a limiting factor that means that it is something which is less in the plant and reducing. Not enough
Find out how the amount of light, that is light intensity, affects the rate of photosynthesis.
Investigating Photosynthesis Aims: The aim of our investigation is to find out how the amount of light, that is light intensity, affects the rate of photosynthesis. Background information: What variables are involved. Dependant variable: Light intensity, distance, lamp and plant. Key factors to control: * temperature * number of leaves * presence of chlorophyll * time Preliminary practical work: Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen Light and chlorophyll 6CO + 6H O C H O + 60 * Photosynthesis is when green plants produce glucose from sunlight. * Light energy, water, chlorophyll, glucose and carbon dioxide are needed for photosynthesis to take place. * Sunlight, chlorophyll, water and carbon dioxide are needed during photosynthesis. * Sodium hydrogencarbonate increases the levels of carbon dioxide in a plant. * It does matter if all the leaves are of different sizes because then the experiment will not be fair and therefore results will not be reliable. * We can assume that each leaf is approximately the same size because there is no need to measure each leaf exactly, an estimate would be more preferable within the width of the leaf. Each leaf should have similar sizes to be approximate. * The amount of light on a plant may be a limiting factor that means that it is something which is less in the plant and reducing. Not enough
Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis consists of two stages. A series of light-dependent reactions that are temperature independent and a series of temperature-dependent reactions that are light independent
Research: Photosynthesis is the process by which chlorophyll containing organisms (green plants, algae, and some bacteria) capture energy in the form of light and convert it to chemical energy. Virtually all the energy available for life in the earth's biosphere (the zone in which life can exist) is made available through photosynthesis. A quite general, unbalanced chemical equation for photosynthesis is CO2 + 2H2A + light energy ? CH2 + H2O + H2A The formula H2A represents a compound that can be oxidized, which means, electrons can be removed. CO2 is carbon dioxide and CH2 is the hydrocarbons incorporated by the growing organism. In the vast majority of photosynthetic organisms such as, algae and green plants, H2A is water (H2O) but in some photosynthetic bacteria H2A is hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Photosynthesis involving water is the most important and best understood by scientists today. I have explained it in detail below. Photosynthesis consists of two stages. A series of light-dependent reactions that are temperature independent and a series of temperature-dependent reactions that are light independent. The rate of the first series, called the light reaction, can be increased by increasing light intensity (within certain limits) but not by increasing temperature. In the second series, called the dark reaction, the rate can be increased by increasing temperature
Investigating the effect of Light Intensity on Elodea.
Investigating the effect of Light Intensity on Elodea Aim: The aim of my experiment is to determine whether or not the intensity of light would affect the rate of photosynthesis in a plant. To do this I will place different pieces of Elodea (pondweed) into a beaker and expose it to varied light intensities, and observe the amount of oxygen given off by the plant. Introduction: Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy and storing it in the bonds of sugar. Photosynthesis occurs only in the presence of light, and takes place in the chloroplasts of green plant cells. Photosynthesis can be defined as the production of simple sugars from carbon dioxide and water causing the release of sugar and oxygen. It is the chemical process, which takes place in every green plant to produce food in the form of glucose. Plants use the suns energy to join together water and carbon molecules to make the glucose, which is sent around the plant to provide food. Cells in the root or stem can use the glucose to make energy, if the plant does not need to use all the glucose immediately then it is stored as starch. It is possible to measure the rate of photosynthesis by counting how many bubbles or the volume of oxygen produced. In this experiment I will collect data to see if it supports my prediction. The following chemical equation summarises
Yeast Investigation
Daniel Gillespie 11F Biology Coursework SC1 Introduction to yeast Yeast are unicellular fungi. It has been around for along time and has been involved in the making of bread, wine and other materials for man. Now yeast is used in many different industries for its fermentation properties. During this process in the industries the yeast is the waste product and is usually used for animal food or birdseeds. However the alcohol is the valuable product in the industry. Yeast has been a major material to man for a long time and is now a very expensive and profitable material for businesses and industries. The yeast respires to produce energy. When it does respire it produces and needs products and waste products, these are shown in the word equation below. To control this reaction the yeast has an enzyme; this enzyme is called zymase. Enzymes are used to control the speed and the rate of the respiration in the yeast, it changes the rate and speed by the environmental surroundings it is put in. glucose -----yeast---> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy (210kj) C6H12O6 -----yeast---> 2C2H5OH + CO2 The reaction shown above is also called Fermentation. Fermentation is used in the brewing industry and the picture below shows how they ferment the sugar (glucose) in the yeast to make alcohol. Fermentation is the break down of sugars by using yeast
Investigation to look at the water potential of Celeriac
Investigation to look at the water potential of Celeriac A-S Coursework Transport Module Joel Davies The aim of this investigation is to look discover the water potential of the root vegetable Celeriac. To do so, the effect of varying concentrations of sugar solutions on Celeriac will be observed and a conclusion reached. As preliminary work, the effects of sugar solution on potato has been investigated to give a general idea of what to expect and to discover any problems with the, method before the larger Celeriac experiment. Background research has also highlighted properties of Celeriac that are different to potato and will therefore affect the water potential of the plant. Relevant background knowledge The generalised plant cell is as in the diagram below: The vacuole and cytoplasm contain the solution that is being investigated. The cell wall is fully permeable and therefore does not effect the movement of substances into and out of the cell. It does however contain 20-40% cellulose which applies a pressure potential that is important in the water potential of the cell. The cell membrane and tonoplast (membrane surrounding the vacuole) are partially permeable, therefore allowing certain molecules through while prohibiting others. Non-polar and lipid soluble substances can pass through since they are not effected by the phospholipid bi-layer. Molecules that are
An investigation into the effect of differing water potentials on the mass or volume of potato tissue, with the final aim to discover the water potential of potato tissue.
An investigation into the effect of differing water potentials on the mass or volume of potato tissue, with the final aim to discover the water potential of potato tissue. Plan The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the affect differing water potentials have on the mass or volume of potato tissue, with the final aim to discover the water potential of potato tissue. Many things need to be looked into when planning for an experiment. For this investigation the most fundamental of which is what water potential is. Water potential is a numerical representation of "the tendency of a solution to lose water" (reference Cambridge Advanced Sciences Biology 1 glossary page 258) and has the symbol ( ). Pure water has the highest water potential of zero. "Water potential is decreased by the addition of solute and increased by the application of pressure." (Reference Cambridge Biology 1) All other solutions have a negative water potential which is dependant on how concentrate they are with solute. "In fact when we add solute to water, the water molecules form a shell around each solute molecule. So this decreases the number of free water molecules that are able to exert a pressure on the membrane. Therefore, the water potential decreases" (Reference ASGURU website) Therefore the more negative the water potential the more concentrate the solute solution is. The
