Research question - Is using dogs for work ethical?
Dog behaviour CDA Introduction There are many ways that animals are connected to our lives. Some of us have them as pets, and even people who don't have a pet still have products (such as medicine) that have been tested on them. According to a website called 'The vegetarian site' very well known companies such as 'Max factor', 'Vaseline' & even 'Kleenex' have products that are animal tested. Some people protest that animal testing is not ethical because of the pain the animals have to endure for our benefit, but others argue that a lot of the medicine we have now wouldn't of existed if it hadn't of been so. A lot of argument has also gone into the concept of conditioning. We condition animals and even people without noticing we are doing it. Dogs are trained to sniff drugs in an airport and even children have a daily bed time that they are used to. So when J.B Watson sprung a debate about ethics when he conditioned Little Albert (who was just a baby at the time) to be afraid of rats and other things that looked similar, he had opened a controversy. Does there have to be pain to gain? Or will we ever find out if a dog thinks it is ethical for itself to be entered into a race? We were studying at school the behaviour and characteristics of animals that are similar to those of human beings alongside the ethics to support the current world debates & trends. This particular
In this experiment, mung bean seedlings and Brine shrimp eggs were used to study the effect of temperature on the rate of germination of seedlings and the rate of hatching of eggs.
Title : Investigation on the effect of temperature on the development of organisms Abstract : The purpose of carrying out this experiment is to investigate the effect of different temperature on the development of organisms. The effect of increasing temperature on the development of living organisms can be modeled in the laboratory by measuring the germination of plants seedlings and the hatching rate of living organisms. This experiment is to show the effect of rising temperature on the earth or in other words, global warming on the living organisms. It is also to show which temperature is the most suitable for living organisms to live in. Temperature plays an important role on the enzyme activity which in turn affects the whole organism. In different salinity, living organisms also will have a different rate of development. In this experiment, mung bean seedlings and Brine shrimp eggs were used to study the effect of temperature on the rate of germination of seedlings and the rate of hatching of eggs. Three different temperatures that is 20oC, room temperature of 25oC and 30oC were used to investigate the effect of temperature on the development of both mung bean seedlings and Brine shrimp eggs while 1% and 1.5% salt solution were used for the Brine shrimp eggs. The number of seeds germinated, length of the radicles and the number of leaves were measured to
A2 Biology Coursework -Investigation into the effect of different concentrations of antibiotics on the growth of bacteria
Biology Coursework Aim: My aim is to investigate the effect of different concentrations of antibiotics on the growth of bacteria. Hypothesis: I predict that as the concentration of the antibiotics increases the bacteria growth decreases Null Hypothesis There is no link between the concentration of antibiotics and the effects it has on the growth of the bacteria Theory Antibiotics work in 4 ways, which are listed below: . Cell Membrane Disruption - This involves making the cell fully permeable which results in substances moving into it causing it to burst and so kills the bacteria 2. Inhibiting Nucleic Acid Synthesis - This method doesn't kill the bacteria off but keeps the growth level static. The bacteria isn't able to replicate its DNA and so no binary fission occurs, causing the growth level to become static 3. Inhibiting Cell Wall Synthesis - This is where an antibiotic inhibits the enzyme required to form cross links within the cell wall and as a result the bacteria looses its structure and is unable to function properly . 4. Inhibiting mRNA Translation - This is where the Translation part of protein synthesis is inhibited by binding across the bacterial ribosome meaning proteins and enzymes the bacteria it requires isn't made and so dies. Having said how antibiotics work above, it is logical to presume that the higher the concentration of antibiotics
The effects of disinfectants and antibacterial soap on bacterial growth
The effects of disinfectants and antibacterial soap on bacterial growth Abstract The effects of various disinfectants and one brand of antibacterial soap on bacterial growth were examined. Different cleaners containing either ethanol, sodium hypochlorite, or triclosan as a primary ingredient were added to culture tubes containing bouillon broth and bacteria taken from the classroom. Bacteria from each tube were regrown on agar plates to determine whether the disinfectant or soap, which had been added to the bacteria's rood source. was effective. Under the conditions of the experiment, all cleaners tested proved satisfactory in killing the bacteria found in the classroom. Introduction. Hospitals are supposed to be clean, right? All bacteria living on countertops and on other surfaces arc supposed to be killed with routine applications of potent cleaners to provide a sanitary environment for patients. But would it be possible for the disinfectants used in hospitals to be less effective than the manufacturing companies claim'? Our doubts were raised by a previous experiment that had been performed on different brands of soap, which had indicated that not all soaps were as effoctive as they claimed [1]. Clearly, our question was a pertinent one. At the very least, the patients and doctors might be concerned if going to the hospital meant being exposed to a whole range of
An experiment to investigate the species diversity in non-trampled and trampled areas.
An experiment to investigate the species diversity in non-trampled and trampled areas. ABSTRACT My investigation concerns all plants found in the grass and was carried out to find the difference in the species diversity in non-trampled and trampled areas. The data was collected on the Wimbledon and Putney commons in two exact places relatively close together. The alternative hypothesis predicts a correlation between the diversity of species on trampled and non-trampled areas. To collect data to support or dismiss the hypothesis, I first performed a preliminary investigation. A 20m tape measure was set out across the trampled area and at every 2m interval (2m, 4m, 6m etc) a 0.25m2 quadrat was laid down and the species counted. In the same quadrat a measurement of soil depth was taken. This was carried out by pushing a knitting needle into the soil in the middle of the quadrat with a thumb. This method was repeated in exactly the same way in the non-trampled area. The results were that there was no significant difference between the species diversity in trampled and non-trampled areas. A MannWhitney 'U' test was used to find the correlation, the critical value for n1 was 10 and the same for n2, the smallest 'U' value was less than 23, which meant that the null hypothesis was accepted. INTRODUCTION I went to Wimbledon and Putney common on a cold, wet and windy day the
Taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with the identification and naming of living organisms
Mr. Miller Biology 401A Biology Essay BEGÜM COGAL A species is a genetically distinct group of organisms, which can interbreed and produce fertile, viable offsprings. External similarity is the common basis for identifying individuals as being members of the same species. Yet a bulldog, a terrier, and a golden retriever are very different in appearance, but they are all dogs because they can interbreed. People can also interbreed with one another, and so can cats, but people cannot interbreed with dogs or cats, nor can these with each other. This shows that individuals of a species are able to interbreed with one another but not with members of other species. Even if they could interbreed with members of other species they would not be able to produce fertile offsprings. For example, when horses and donkeys mate, they produce mules. However, these mules are infertile. They are unable to breed at all and bear offsprings of their own. Taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with the identification and naming of living organisms. The Swedish biologist, Carolus Linnaeus (1707 - 1778) established a simple system for classifying and naming organisms. He developed a hierarchy, or in other words a ranking system for classifying organisms, that is the basis for modern taxonomy. Linnaeu's classification hierarchy included five levels: kingdom, class, order, genus, and
Animal Testing
Is Animal Testing/Research Necessary for Advancing in Medicine? Introduction: Animal testing involves using non-human animals for scientific procedures. Animal research can be used for a number of things such as developing new drugs to improve health, learning about animals and the human body, aiding scientific advances and ensuring other products do not harm humans. Vaccinations against diseases like polio, rabies, measles, mumps and rubella were developed because they were tested on animals. Also the development of open-heart surgery and organ transplants depended on operations done on animals. In 2006 approximately two million animals were used in procedures. Animals that are normally used in tests and experiments include: rats, mice, rabbits, monkeys, guinea-pigs, cats, dogs, fish, birds, pigs, horse, sheep and hamsters. This pie chart shows the types of animals used in procedures. A large proportion of experiments are conducted on mice. (1) Those who are extremely against animal testing (animal rights activists) would refer to it as 'vivisection'. This means the 'cutting up of animals'. They refer to animal testing being morally wrong and cruel. However this is just one view, others are not so against animal testing. Others may believe that animal testing is necessary for some purposes for example medicinal purposes yet not for beauty products. Methods of
Heat loss from animals
Saira Hamid 1CM BIOLOGY COURSEWORK Heat loss from animals Investigation: To investigate heat loss from animals. Aim: To find out how body size affects the rate of heat loss. Background: The way heat is transferred from the animal to its surroundings can be done in three ways, convection, conduction and radiation. Convection: hot gases expand and become less dense, therefore rise and are replaced by cooler gases this is called the cooling affect. This happens in animals with less body coverings. Where the environmental temperature has a greater difference to that of the animal. Conduction: is when molecules transfer heat vibrating and passing on the vibration. This occurs when the animal is in direct contact with a surface, so the vibration molecules are passed from the animals' feet to the surface it is in contact with. Radiation: there are no molecules are involved in this type of heat transfer, so therefore the heat is transferred by waves. Some animals such as the polar bear, which lives in arctic conditions, has had to adapt in its environment, because it has to decrease the amount of heat loss and instead conserve the heat. Just like the polar bear other animals such as the camel have had to adapt to live in the desert conditions so therefore it needs to increase the amount of heat loss. Both these animals have had to adapt to the environment that they live
Balance of Food Production and Conservation
Balance of Food Production and Conservation Conservation aims to maintain biological diversity for the benefit of mankind. It involves formulating policies and regulations to protect and maintain populations of wild plants and animals, identifying and preserving habitats in which wildlife can flourish, controlling pollution of the environment and setting up agencies to promote and monitor conservation strategies. However, due to many human activities biodiversity is reducing. Changes in land use, (in agriculture, road building and building of homes) which destroy or fragment habitats, tourism, commercial uses of particular species and pollution are all reducing biodiversity. As human populations increase, these effects increase. The huge increases in human population over the last few hundred years has been possible due to the development of intensive farming, including monoculture, selective breeding, huge farms, mechanisation. However, it is apparent that this intensive farming is damaging the environment and is becoming increasingly difficult to sustain. Monoculture has a major impact on the environment as it involves using a single variety of a crop, and this reduces genetic diversity and renders all crops in a region susceptible to disease. Reduced species diversity has many knock-on effects such as allowing a pest species to get out of control, fewer plants due to
What is Biotechnology? Discuss the use of genetically modified microbes to make new products.
What is Biotechnology? Discuss the use of genetically modified microbes to make new products. Biotechnology involves using the biological processes of microbes, and of plant and animals, for the benefit of mankind. It has been around for thousands of years, ever since man started manipulating the environment in which he was situated. Essentially it is a method of enhancing an organism, making it more suitable for the job intended, by incorporating desirable traits. For example selective breeding in cattle, in order to produce a higher yield of milk. It is important to note though that the organism doesn't benefit from this modification. The molecular evolution that Biology has witnessed has found its heart in biotechnology. "Blue Skies" research is a thing of the past and advancements in Biology all stem from research grants with the promise of a commercial application at the end of the day. The discovery of the mechanisms behind protein synthesis has lead to a much more precise, predictable and faster method of incorporating desirable traits into organisms. Thus the revolution of genetic engineering came about. This is arguably the future of biotechnology, as it allows traits from different species to be combined, thus pooling nature's resources. As you can see the potential for biotechnology as a tool is huge. It is not only able to provide products such as alcohol in
