Whether or not the intensity of light would affect the rate of photosynthesis
Biology Coursework Aim The aim of my experiment was to determine whether or not the intensity of light would affect the rate of photosynthesis in a plant. To do this, I placed a piece of Canadian pondweed in varying light intensities, and observed the amount of oxygen being given off. I used Canadian pondweed because of its unusual quality of giving off bubbles of gas from a cut end, when placed in water. Introduction Photosynthesis occurs only in the presence of light, and takes place in the chloroplasts of green plant cells. Photosynthesis can be defined as the production of simple sugars from carbon dioxide and water causing the release of sugar and oxygen. The chemical equation for photosynthesis can be expressed as: (light) 6CO2 + 6H2O À C6H12O6 + 6O2 (in the presence of chlorophyll) The fact that all plants need light in order to photosynthesise has been proven many times in experiments, and so it is possible to say that without light, the plant would die. The reason that light intensity does affect the rate of photosynthesis is because as light, and therefore energy, falls on the chloroplasts in a leaf, it is trapped by the chlorophyll, which then makes the energy available for chemical reactions in the plant. Thus, as the amount of sunlight, or in this case light from a bulb, falls on the plant, more energy is absorbed, so more energy is available for the
The Use Of Enzymes In Industry
The Use of Enzymes in Industry Skills I and J Enzymes are extremely useful and therefore are used in many industries. The reason for them being so useful is that they work quickly and efficiently to speed up the rate of many different reactions without going through changes themselves; this also makes them reusable.[5]This is all down to them being biological catalysts. The food industry is a major industry which relies on enzymes and probably the main place in this country where they are used. Throughout the industry there are numerous different areas which involve enzymes to make the process quicker. Some of these are; Fruit, Dairy, Brewing, Starch and Baking. Throughout the process of making fruit juices enzymes are used; as fruits contain pectins which are polysaccharides and cause cloudiness in the juices. To reduce this pectin and increase the amount of juice degrading enzymes are added at the pressing stage as the fruits are being modified. Therefore customers get better juice which isn't as cloudy and the company's gain more profit as they are making a larger quantity of juice.[7] Dairy products like cheese are made with the help of two enzymes, pepsin and chymosin. As cheese is made from raw material milk, the milk has to be warmed and these two enzymes added in order for the milk to form 'curbs and whey'. The product of this is a cloudy thick liquid containing
The use of fertilisers in farming
The use of fertilisers in farming Fertilisers are the largest item of discretionary expenditure in most arable farm budgets and have been used for centuries to maintain or improve soil fertility. How well the fertiliser pound is spent often has a large impact on farm profitability, which in a modern world is a very important factor. All plants require nutrients to survive, as do animals, so it is only natural that plants gather these nutrients from the ground via the roots, by active transport for movement of mineral ions (e.g. nitrate) against a concentration gradient or by osmosis for movement with the concentration gradient. In a natural environment, with no human intervention plants would usually be eaten by animals, most would die, decompose and return their nutrients to the ground. However, humans break the nutrient recycling chain by removing the entire crop and along with it all the nutrients that the plant had taken up from the soil, leaving it deprived of nutrients, so in order to re-use the same piece of land over and over again and still have an acceptable level of production the nutrients must be replaced. The nutrients are replaced in form of fertilisers. This is why farmers use fertilisers to maintain soil quality and also to supply nutrients that are not present in the soil but may boost crop yield. Natural farmyard manures have long been used as a source
To investigate a factor that affects the rate of photosynthesis.
Aim: To investigate a factor that affects the rate of photosynthesis. A piece of pondweed will be cut and placed into a beaker containing water. A lamp will be shined on to the pondweed and the amount of bubbles released from the plant will be counted. The lamp will be adjusted to different distances from the plant to try and obtain different results. Photosynthesis Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O light energy & chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2 Variables: Experimental Variable- Light intensity is to be the variable explored in this investigation. Increasing or decreasing the distance from the light source to the plant can vary light intensity. Factors that influence the rate of photosynthesis The rate of photosynthesis is dependent on the following environmental factors: light intensity, temperature, and the availability of carbon dioxide, the water supply, and the availability of certain minerals. A shortage of any one of these factors can limit the rate of photosynthesis, and an increase in the particular rate-limiting factor will, up to a point, speed up the process. The rate also varies with the plant species and its physiological state- for example its health, its maturity and whether or not it is in flower. Fixed Variables- Light Wavelength (color)- Light energy is absorbed by pigments in the leaf such as chlorophyll. Chlorophyll easily absorbs blue light, in the 400-450 nm
To investigate a factor that affects the rate of photosynthesis.
BIOLOGY COURSEWORK- PHOTOSYNTHESIS Aim: To investigate a factor that affects the rate of photosynthesis. Outline: A piece of pondweed will be cut and placed into a beaker containing water and sodium hydrogen carbonate. A lamp will be shined on to the pondweed and the amount of bubbles released from the plant will be counted. The lamp will be adjusted to different distances from the plant to try and obtain different results. Photosynthesis Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O light energy & chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2 Variables: Experimental Variable- Light intensity is to be the variable explored in this investigation. Increasing or decreasing the distance from the light source to the plant can vary light intensity. Fixed Variables- Light Wavelength (color)- Light energy is absorbed by pigments in the leaf such as chlorophyll. Chlorophyll easily absorbs blue light, in the 400-450 nm range, and also easily absorbs red light in the 650-700 nm range. Chlorophyll does not absorb green light or yellow light effectively but tends to reflect them, decreasing the amount of light absorbed and decreasing the rate of photosynthesis. Why the rate of photosynthesis increases or decreased from the amount of light energy absorbed is what is being investigated in this experiment. The light color can be fixed by using the same lamp throughout the experiment. Carbon Dioxide- CO2 concentration can
To investigate the effect of insulators on the rate of cooling.
AT1 INVESTIGATION By Farah Kazi 10w TITLE: The factors effecting Insulators. . AIM: To investigate the effect of insulators on the rate of cooling. Introduction: I will be investigating the rate of cooing, by using various numbers of layers of insulators round a beaker of hot water. The science which effect my investigation are as follows: Conduction is a transfer of heat energy through a substance from the hotter region to the cooler region without any movement of the substance itself. As the substance is heated, free electrons spread through the substance bumping into other electrons and passing on Kinetic energy. Gradually energy is transferred along the substance. Radiation is the transfer of heat energy through waves. Hot objects emit mainly infrared radiation which can pass through a vacuum i.e. No medium is needed for its transfer. How much radiation is given out or taken in by an object depends on its surface In this experiment I could have many variables. Ranging from colour to size. They are: - The material of my cup (ceramic, metal, glass, polythene, plastic) - The layers of insulators (no layers, 1layer, 2layer etc) [this is what I have chosen to use as my variable] - Different types of insulators (wool, bubble wrap, foam, cotton, paper) - Different colours of insulators. (Black, transparent,) Research and preliminary experiment: For when I
To Investigate The Effect Of Light Intensity On The Rate Of Photosynthesis.
To Investigate The Effect Of Light Intensity On The Rate Of Photosynthesis Introduction We were set an experiment to investigate the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis; we did this by using an angle poised lamp and shining it on a beaker with some Elodea Cana Densis (Canadian pond weed) in it, measured distances from the bulb to the beaker and counted how many bubbles floated above a marked point on the beaker. Plotted a graph from these results and drew a line of best fit. Carbon Sunlight + Water Glucose + Oxygen Dioxide Chlorophyll 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Apparatus: Beaker Spatula Stopwatch Bulldog Clips Canadian Pond Weed Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Angle Poised Lamp - 60 Watts Prediction I predict that the closer the lamp (bulb) to the pond weed the higher the number of oxygen bubbles given off, as the light source is moved closer the more intense light speeds up the rate of photosynthesis. Plan To do this experiment we had to get a beaker full with water and some Canadian pond weed weighted down with bulldog clips, so the entire weed is covered in water. We had an angle poised lamp with a 60w bulb shining on the beaker, we measured the distances from the pond weed to the bulb every time, then counted the number of oxygen bubbles given off. To make this a fair
To investigate the effect of varying concentration of a certain sugar solution on the amount of osmotic activity between the solution and a potato chip of a given size.
Skill Area P: Planning Aim: To investigate the effect of varying concentration of a certain sugar solution on the amount of osmotic activity between the solution and a potato chip of a given size. Hypothesis: Osmosis is defined as the net movement of water or any other solution¡¦s molecules from a region in which they are highly concentrated to a region in which they are less concentrated. This movement must take place across a partially permeable membrane such as a cell wall, which lets smaller molecules such as water through but does not allow bigger molecules to pass through. The molecules will continue to diffuse until the area in which the molecules are found reaches a state of equilibrium, meaning that the molecules are randomly distributed throughout an object, with no area having a higher or lower concentration than any other. For this particular investigation I think that the lower the concentration of the sugar solution in the test tube the larger the mass of the potato will be. This is because the water molecules pass from a high concentration, i.e. In the water itself, to a low concentration, i.e. In the potato chip. Therefore, the chips in higher water concentrations will have a larger mass than in higher sugar concentrations. The graph above shows a simple curve obtained when the concentration of the solution is plotted against the percentage change in
To investigate the effect of varying concentration of a certain sugar solution on the amount of osmotic activity between the solution and a potato chip of a given size.
Biology Coursework Aim: To investigate the effect of varying concentration of a certain sugar solution on the amount of osmotic activity between the solution and a potato chip of a given size. Hypothesis: Osmosis is defined as the net movement of water or any other solution's molecules from a region in which they are highly concentrated to a region in which they are less concentrated. This movement must take place across a partially permeable membrane such as a cell wall, which lets smaller molecules such as water through but does not allow bigger molecules to pass through. The molecules will continue to diffuse until the area in which the molecules are found reaches an isotonic point, a state of equilibrium. This means that the molecules are randomly distributed throughout an object, with no area having a higher or lower concentration than any other; this will help me identify my aim because the isotonic point will be the most accurate place to see an average change in mass. For this particular investigation, I think that the lower the concentration of the sugar solution in the cup the larger the mass of the potato will be. This is because the water molecules pass from a high concentration, i.e. in the water itself, to a low concentration, i.e. in the potato chip. Therefore, the chips in higher water concentrations will have a larger mass than in higher sugar
To investigate the effect of varying concentration of a certain sugar solution on the amount of osmotic activity between the solution and a potato chip of a given size.
Biology Coursework 2003 Osmosis in Potatoes By Chantelle Wright 10 B PLANING Before actually planning the experiment, I will do some research to find out about osmosis, and matters related to it, so that I can make predictions. And figure out a way to make this investigation fair and safe. Planning ahead would help me find out how to do what and when, which should lead me to good results at the end of the experiment. Aim To investigate the effect of varying concentration of a certain sugar solution on the amount of osmotic activity between the solution and a potato chip of a given size. Background Knowledge Plant cells always have a strong cell wall surrounding them. When they take up water by osmosis they start to swell, but the cell wall prevents them from bursting. Plant cells become "turgid" when they are put in dilute solutions. Turgid means swollen and hard. The pressure inside the cell rises and eventually the internal pressure of the cell is so high that no more water can enter the cell. This liquid or hydrostatic pressure works against osmosis. Turgidity is very important to plants because this is what makes the green parts of the plant "stand up" into the sunlight. When plant cells are placed in concentrated sugar solutions they lose water by osmosis and they become "flaccid." This is the exact opposite of "turgid". The content of the potato cells shrinks
