Twist wrapped Assortments (e.g. Celebrations) 7%
Bagged Self Lines 9%
Crème/Mini Eggs 3%
All this information tells me that nearly half of the huge confectionery market, are chocolate bars like Mars Bars alone. The UK market for these chocolate bars is £2.475 billion a year.
Before collecting my field research, I am going to collect some desk research. Desk research is getting market research from other companies or from public libraries.
Desk research can sometimes be less reliable as there are a few factors that make it weak, these are…
- It could be old and people’s opinions change.
- The research might be false or incorrect.
- The research could have been done in a different county, town etc.
The graph below is from the Cadbury Company who owns a wide selection of chocolate bars, ranging from children’s chocolate bars to chocolate bars aimed at adults.
The graph below shows who buys the most chocolate and who eats the most.
The graph clearly shows that women eat and buy the most chocolate bars. Boys and girls are the biggest eaters of chocolate compared to their population. They also buy the least amount of chocolate.
This tells me that there is a big gap in the market for a children’s chocolate bar aimed at the parents. It also tells me that there is a huge gap in the market for women.
I have also collected some more desk research from the Cadbury’s website. The graph below tells me the ages of buyers and eaters of confectionery.
The graph shows that very young children eat more and buy less chocolate than any other age group.
The target market, of parents that buy chocolate for their children, can be proved to be strong because the graph clearly shows that parents ranging from 25yrs of age to 44yrs of age buy the most chocolate but not for themselves.
I think that another possible market that I could sell to would be a grandparent of young children. People that are 45yrs and older, buy large amounts of chocolate but don’t eat that much.
After closely analyzing this research I believe that the most profitable target market for a chocolate bar would be the target market of parents and grandparents. Therefore, my product will be specifically aimed at parents and grandparents.
In order to complete this task I need to complete some market research.
Market research is the collection of information about potential markets. There are two types of market research, desk research and field research. The aim of which is to understand better what is happening in the marketing place, as the marketing department of a firm needs to know about consumer's views and economic trends. I am going to create a survey, interview local shopkeepers and get information from firms with similar products, to gather my market research.
The aims of my market research are to find out…
- What kind of chocolate children prefer
- What shape they prefer
- What texture they prefer
- Who would be able to advertise the product
- How much they would pay
- Who and where they would buy the product
- When they watch TV and which newspaper they read.
My market research will be aimed at parents of young children. This is because they are my target market; parents buy the product for their children when the children are not so old.
The questions that are going to be placed in the questionnaire are;
- Are you male or female?
[Male] [Female]
- Do you have children?
[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5+]
- What newspapers do you usually read?
[Local telegraph] [Mirror] [The Sun] [Daily Express] [Daily Star]
- When do you most watch TV?
[Morning] [Dinner] [Evening]
- What kind of chocolate do you child prefer? (Please tick two)
[Dark] [Milk] [White]
[Fruit & nut] [Caramel] [Plain] [Biscuit & chocolate]
- What attracts you to the chocolate you buy?
[Colours/design] [Price] [Ingredients] other________________
- Where do you usually buy the chocolate?
[Newsagents] [Vending machine] [Supermarket]
- Is there enough choice of chocolate?
[Yes] [No]
- How many chocolate bars do you buy a week?
[2] [4] [6] [8] [10]
- How much do you usually pay for a chocolate bar?
[20p] [30p] [40p] [50p]
- Would you be interested in a healthy snack?
[Yes] [No]
- Who do believe is children’s most favorite TV celebrity/character?
- Would a chocolate bar with that celebrity endorsement make you choose it from the rest?
[Yes] [No]
I have chose questions that I believe would be as a great benefit to me when deciding the most appropriate marketing mix. I want to know what the most favourite child’s TV character is, because I aim to produce a chocolate bar endorsed by this person.
Marketing Terms
Throughout my coursework I will be studying many marketing terms, some of these are:
Target Market
A businesses target market is a segment of the market at which they will aim their product. A well-defined target market is essential because it is needed to carry out market research and plays a big part in the marketing mix. For my snack bar, the target market would be the parents or guardians of young children, even though it will be the young children that are eating it.
Marketing is all about segmentation—talking to a precise, identifiable section of the market. Segmentation can be by…
- Sex,
- Age,
- Income,
- Occupation,
- Interest,
- Location,
- Buyer,
- Prospect,
- Job
- Title,
- Or whatever is relevant to your product.
Market Segmentation
This is the breaking down of a products market into different groups or types of consumer. The market may be divided into segments in several ways. Firms will choose to segment their markets in the way that is most suitable for their products…
Geographically (by region) – Different regions have slightly different tastes
Population – By age, gender, or ethnic background
Income – How much people earn
Social Position and buying habits
Pricing Policy
The prices that the products are to be sold at should be at a level which the customer will believe to be value for money and not just cheap, as this may sometimes be thought as a reflection of the quality of the product they will receive influencing their final decision on whether or not they will purchase it.
I could use one of the following pricing strategies to sell my product at depending on the market:
Penetration Pricing-is where a firm charges a very low price when the product is new, and is used to increase the interest from customers.
Skimming-is when firms charge a high price to make the product seem desirable to customers who have a larger income
Destroyer Pricing-this is when firms charge prices which they know are unprofitable for their competitors, driving them out of the market. However this is illegal.
Price Discrimination- this is charging different prices to different customers for the same product e.g. Students, OAP's.
Competition Pricing- this is where firms charge very similar prices as other firms. Usually this happens where there is very little product differentiation e.g. Petrol.
Product Phases (life-cycle)
Products go through what is known as a life cycle or phase. When exploring what mix is best suited to your product, you should also consider where in the life cycle your products lie:
Introductory Phase
If you are releasing a brand new product or service then it will be a baby in the market and will need to be introduced to your market. How you price, promote and place this into the market place will need careful consideration.
Growth Phase
If your product or service has been enjoying being the only one on the market, you may have noticed that others are also joining in and entering a competitive product or service and this will have an affect of the healthy sales you might be enjoying at the moment. How you react to this will have an impact on the survival of your product - Will you drop the price to compete, will you change the way in which you promote it, will you change the distribution method?
Maturity Phase
If you product is one of many competing products, then you can consider that your product is a mature one. If this is the case then you have to take care that interest for your product is not lost. Maturity of a product is a dangerous time and your competitors could swallow it up. As with a product in the growth part of the life cycle - Will you drop the price to compete, will you change the way in which you promote it, will you change the distribution method?
Decline Phase
Perhaps you have noticed that one of your products is losing its appeal; sales or interest might have dropped. If this is the case, your product may be in decline and if you are not careful it may die. This part of the cycle needs careful consideration. You might decide, enough is enough, and remove it from your shelves or you could re-invent it by changing by packaging or product name. Take a close look at your market research data - could you aim it at a different type of person?