Nobles and Peasants in Medieval Europe.
Nobles and Peasants in Medieval Europe Thesis: During the rise of Medieval Europe, nobles and commoners led completely different lives from one another since wealth was a dominant factor in lifestyle. I. Nobles A. Dress . Women 2. Men 3. Materials B. Diet . Breakfast 2. Lunch 3. Dinner C. Lifestyle . Women 2. Men D. House . Materials 2. Layout II. Serfs (Peasants) A. Dress . Women 2. Men 3. Materials B. Diet . Breakfast 2. Lunch 3. Dinner C. Lifestyle . Women 2. Men D. House . Materials 2. Layout III. Similarities A. Dress B. Diet C. Lifestyle A peasant's daughter wakes up. The young girl makes another line in her wooden wall, 3 lines under the eleventh notch- almost time for Michealmas! She quickly pulls her coarse dress over her head and prepares to encounter the cold of the English morning and a day filled with ceaseless chores. The sun is not even up yet but she has many tasks that must be started now to be finished at dusk. A noble's daughter wakes up. Her heavy velvet curtains have been opened and a warm fire has been started in the grate. She slowly gets out of bed and slips on her new silk robe. She puts on her slippers and goes to call her maid to wash her. It is almost midday. During the rise of Medieval Europe, nobles and commoners led completely different lives from one another since wealth was a dominant factor in lifestyle.
Scottish is known as Scottish Standard English (SSE) considered. SSE is the form of the English language used in Scotland. It is normally used in formal, non-fictional written texts in Scotland.
Scottish Language Scottish is known as Scottish Standard English (SSE) considered. SSE is the form of the English language used in Scotland. It is normally used in formal, non-fictional written texts in Scotland. Background The standard spelling, grammar, and punctuation of Scottish English tend to follow the style of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). However, there are some unique characteristics, which originate in the country's two original languages, the Scottish Gaelic language and Lowland Scots. The speech of the middle classes in Scotland often conforms to the normal grammer of written language, particularly when it's formal. Highland English is slightly different from the lowlands as it is more phonologically, grammatically, and lexically influenced by the Gaelic background. Lexis General items are outwith, meaning outside of; pinkie for little finger; doubt meaning to think or suspect; and wee, the Scots word for small. Correct is often preferred to right meaning morally right. Culturally specific items like caber, haggis, and landward for rural. There is a wide range of legal and administrative vocabulary inherited from Scots. depute /'d?pju?t/ for deputy. proven /'pro?v?n/ for proved, and sheriff substitute for acting sheriff. Phonology Pronunciation features vary among speakers, and there are regional differences: * It is a rhotic accent, with r
Statutes of Kilkenny (commentary)
Ina Dimitrova Statuts of Kilkenny Commentary 1 17.11.2008 Paris Introduction: The XIII and XIV centuries were the period of the Irish resistance to the English policy. Many Irish families constitute "federations", there were also many marriages between Englishmen and the Irish population and therefore many Englishmen tended to be subsumed into the Irish society, they adopted the language and culture, so they became "More Irish than Irish themselves"2. At the same time many epidemics such as the Black Death3 caused the defeat of many Englishmen who lived in the urban zones. The most popular language became the Irish and even the English population that practiced it increased4. Not only were the Normans militarily superior, but their political, social and religious systems were completely different from those practiced by the natives. Even if the Normans prevailed politically, Gaelic culture prevailed, and the English population understood that its control is insufficient. In 1361, when Edward III was on the English throne, he sent one of his younger sons, Lionel, Duke Clarence, who was already married to an Irish heiress, to represent him in Ireland. In their efforts to See also: COPE COPE (M.E. cape, cope, from Med. Lat. capa, cappa) COPE, EDWARD DRINKER (1840-1897) COPE, EDWARD MEREDITH (1818-1873)cope with the prevailing disorder Lionel and his advisers tried to
vikings raids essay
Why were the Viking raids so much more politically disruptive in England than in Ireland? The Viking raids of the 9th and 10th centuries are among the best-known episodes of early medieval history. These fierce attacks from Scandinavia fell on the British Isles, the Atlantic and North Sea shoreline of the Carolingian Empire, which included most of what are now France, Germany and the Low Countries, and to the east on what became Russia. They took a heavy toll on the fragile political development and stability of Europe. While they were considerably disruptive throughout Europe, it was in England that they left their lasting impression. Because of the violent tendencies of their attacks, it is very easy to often disregard the incredible influence they had on every aspect of life in the countries they raided. The extensive Danish settlements in eastern England had a major influence on the development of the English language as many of our words we use today are derived from the Old Danish tongue. Place names too, both in England and Ireland, are owed to our Scandinavian invaders and are the most important source of evidence about the extent of Viking settlement in Britain and Ireland. All this aside, it was in the political arena where they left their long lasting impression. Ireland and England were both affected enormously by the famous raids, but it was in England that the
Rethinking Third World Politics.
Rethinking Third World Politics Frantz Fanon Introduction I will start my presentation with a brief introduction on who Fanon was, then I shall talk about his work concentrating on Black Skin, White Masks and on The Wretched of the Earth. And finally I will conclude with an overview on his work, theories and beliefs. Who was Frantz Fanon? > Fanon was born in 1925, in the French colony of Martinique where he belonged to a middle class family. > In 1943 Fanon left Martinique and volunteered to fight with the French in the Second World War II. > Once the war was over, Fanon remained in France, where he got a scholarship to study psychiatry and medicine in Lyon. Whilst, studying, Fanon began writing political essays and plays and got married to a French woman named Jose Duble. Before leaving France, Fanon had already published his first analysis on racism and colonization, Black Skin, White Masks originally title "an essay for the disalienation of blacks," in part based on his lectures and experiences in Lyon. > Fanon became head of the Psychiatry department at the Blinda Joinville hospital in Algeria in 1953. During his time in Blinda, the war for Algeria independence broke out, and Fanon was horrified by the stories of tortures his patients, both French torturers and Algerian torture victims told him. That led him to resign his post with the French government and
To what extent did commerce flourish in this period?
To what extent did commerce flourish in this period? Before considering how far commerce thrived in this period it is necessary to examine what is meant by this term. The dictionary defines commerce, as "The large scale buying and selling of goods and services". This, however, is a modern interpretation of the word. To truly understand the relevance of this word in the period being studied it is important to think about this term in the correct context. In the modern sense commerce and trade is carried out with the ultimate aim of generating a profit. Usually through acquiring a large number of a particular object cheaply at wholesale price and subsequently selling the objects on individually for a vastly increased price. However in the early middle ages this was not the purpose of trade. Instead it was much more a case of exchanging something that was readily available or not needed for something which was harder to acquire. The fact that these other objects were harder to acquire, or at least not as readily available, meant that they were considered valuable by people at the time. In the societies of medieval Europe objects of value were considered to give rank or status within society. Kings or tribal leaders would publicly display objects of value as a symbol of their leadership. Due to the fact that these objects were hard to come by their origins were usually
Famine and the Black Death: Social and Economic Change in Medieval England.
Famine and the Black Death: Social and Economic Change in Medieval England The fourteenth century was a significant period of economic, social and demographic changes, following several serious epidemics, which affected many parts of Europe. It is probable that the Black Death of 1348-9 was the most significant cause of economic distress due to very high mortality rates. The key disparity in historian's views for this period was whether the Black Death acted as a cause for transitional social change or whether the foundations of social transition had been embedded prior to 1348, thus acting merely as a catalyst. The four books under review were all published within a twenty-year period, from 1977-1996. Whilst focusing upon slightly different chronological periods, they are brought together through consciously discussed thematic approaches, which overlap and indeed, compliment each other. For example, two great events of the first half of the fourteenth century; the Great Famine 1315-22 and the Black Death 1348-9, immediately identify issues of mortality and subsequently, the extent of this impact upon medieval people and their communities. Chronologically, these books are also interlinked. From William Jordan's study concerning the Great Famine of 1315-22, to Bruce Campbell's edited book which acts as a watershed between the expansive demographic and economic trends
historical review of Else Roesdahl's The Vikings
Historical review of Else Roesdahl's, The Vikings. The Viking Age is, in Roesdahl's own words, "an important and fascinating period of Scandinavia's past".1 Else Roesdahl, Professor of Medieval Archaeology at the University of Arhus, Denmark, in her own words sets out to charter what she deems to be "the most important aspects of the Viking Age, where interpretations and problems are reasonably clear."2 The book is a revised edition of an earlier 1992 edition, whereby it has been updated with information from new archaeological excavations. With the current influx of new information and research, our perception of the period is under constant revision.3 Our knowledge of the Viking Age in Scandinavia and abroad is based on a wide range of sources: written sources, (such as runic inscriptions on stones) poetry, archaeological finds, landscape and climate. Each source poses its own advantages and disadvantages. In the book, The Vikings, Roesdahl goes through each source in detail providing the reader with examples of finds from that particular source and the importance and impact of that find. Pictures and maps are provided to help us gain a better mental picture of how it was to live during this exciting period in history. With this book we are led to believe that Roesdahl's aim was to give the lay person a good solid introduction to the life and times of the Viking era. Was
Why was it so hard to resolve the Great Schism?
Why was it so hard to resolve the Great Schism? When, in September 1378, the cardinals at Anagni declared Robert of Geneva Pope Clement VII (rather than Urban VI, whom they had elected in April of that year), a period of controversy and schism in the western Church began that was not resolved until the election of Martin V in 1417, some thirty-nine years later.1 Unlike previous instances of disputed papacy, however, the Great Schism of 1378-1417 (or 'Papal Schism', to distinguish it from the 1054 East-West Schism)2 was self-perpetuating. This was due to the creation by Urban VI of a new College of Cardinals, leading to the situation where both the Urbanist and Clementine papacies, and the division between them, would continue following the death of either Pope.3 However, with the schism almost universally regarded as undesirable, since having two (or, from 1409, three)4 Popes defeated the very object of the Papacy as an institution, attempts were made during the period to resolve the schism. The question that therefore needs to be addressed is this: why did it take so long to resolve the Papal Schism? For one thing, the schism proved hard to resolve due to the "unprecedented complexity" of the legal situation it created, which "called into question much of the accepted ecclesiastical constitution".5 It was far from clear what actions could canonically be undertaken to end
Similarities and differences in approaches of Martin Luther King and Malcolm X to the grievances of Black-Americans.
Name of the student: Amrullayev Emin ID: 160806 Department: Political Science Name of the course: Politics and Identity Tittle of Position Paper: Similarities and differences in approaches of Martin Luther King and Malcolm X to the grievances of Black-Americans Black civil right movements are considered as one of the most important phenomena of American history of the 20th century. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X are considered as the most celebrated leaders of these movements. Despite the fact that their approaches to the issue differ from each other's, both of these leaders made a significant contribution to Afro-American civil right movements. In this paper, I will analyze M.L King's and Malcolm X's approaches to the problem of "being black" in America. My main purpose is to explore the similarities and differences in how both authors identify the category of "blackness" and to critically discuss the political solutions that they offer. The construction of the category of "blackness", or the answer to the question "what is being Negro in America like?" should be considered as the crucial point in both authors' works. In "The Dilemma of Negro Americans" King depicts two main factors - "being scarred by a history of slavery" and "family disorganization" (M. L. King, 1967, p.103) - that affect the Negro life in the United States. I completely agree with King's
