Did the lives and status of women change as a result of the industrial revolution in the period 1750-1850?
Did the lives and status of women change as a result of the industrial revolution in the period 1750-1850? The industrial revolution, with the development of new technologies, a centralisation of manufacture and an increasing focus on capitalist production, was bound to have far-reaching implications throughout the country. Therefore, this is not so much a question of whether or not change occurred but how much change occurred and whether it had a positive or negative effect on women, and also how much remained the same. Regional differences, as well as variations from industry to industry, and from year to year, must also be taken into account. In order to answer this question fully, the general way of life pre-industrialisation must be explored. During the eighteenth century, families often worked together as an economic unit, producing goods for subsistence and possibly also to sell or exchange. There was an idea dating back to the Tudor and Stuart period that everybody should work together for "one common interest"¹, therefore women and men worked together, both contributing to the family economy. Although men were looked upon as the head of the family, and women were given possibly lesser tasks and responsibilities, at least they gave a "different yet equally indispensable contribution"², and were reliant upon the other for the interests of the family.
how far can you say that napoleon is the son of the revolution
How far can you say that Napoleon is the "son" of the revolution? On 15th August 1769 Napoleon Bonaparte the son of a poor Corsican lawyer was born and so began the legend of Napoleon Bonaparte. Many ask to this day, "Was Napoleon the son of the revolution?" What Napoleon achieved and gave to the world after the French Revolution had been won truly gave the world a new sight of mind. All over Europe monarchies were weakening but it was still unclear what forms of government would replace the old order of the ancien regime. One form was that of "enlightened despotism," which Napoleon represented himself as a dictator. He set off useful reforms and had a very open minded point of view. Yet Napoleon did not keep his power through his home policies alone. He was a master strategist on the battlefield and a master at international consultations. Napoleon repeatedly won both military and political victories. Even though he wasn't that religious, he succeeded in reconciling France and the Catholic Church in the Concordat of 1801. As a child of the Enlightenment and a son of the French Revolution, Napoleon was at the same time a traditional monarch, taking on all the display and paperwork of the monarchic traditions with a revolution bringing wide and long term changes to the regions under his rule. In declaring himself as an Emperor in 1804, Napoleon made all French citizens
Colonial Australia: History of convicts
WHY TRANSPORTION TO BOTANY BAY - FOR CONVICTS? There were numerous reasons why the British established what became their colony in Sydney. Look at each reason based on Robert J. King's crystalisation in his brilliant work, "The Secret History of the Convict Colony" about Alexandro Malaspino's report on the British settlement of New South Wales. In any consideration of the issues on this subject this work should be seriously referenced with much admiration. King's work would better be quoted than another work as to the reasons "Why Botany Bay?" Too many lazy academics simplify the answer to this question by merely citing a contemporary British Cabinet Minute seeking and, on approval, the authorisation for the transportation of convicts to Botany Bay. That document was not a stand-alone action; it merely follows on from a part of the submission of Mario Matra, who incidentally suggested other options as well, all aimed at settling Botany Bay for British interests. Other options included the recruitment of Chinese Coolies and resettlement of American Loyalists. The influence of the powerful, Captain Sir George Young was paramount in the passage of Matra's proposal. According to King, Matra with embellishments by the politically significant and powerful Sir George Young cited; . A base from which to exploit the fur trade of the Aleutian Islands 2. Trade with China, the Cape
How did economic and social experiences differ between the southern and northern regions of the United States, 1870 - 1914?
How did economic and social experiences differ between the southern and northern regions of the United States, 1870 - 1914? During the period between the American Civil War, which ended in 1870 and the First World War, which began in 1914, a significant number of economic changes took place in the United States. The process of industrialisation began to take over the previously predominately agricultural country. Before the Civil War almost 80% of the population were engaged in agriculture-based employment. There was little government intervention in the economy and no real industrialisation had taken place. However, historian and economist Harold Vatter writes that 'On the eve of the Civil War the United States was a semi industrial country with a large, relatively unexploited and unsettled frontier.' (1) This statement highlights how the onset of the Civil War prevented the country from beginning a process of exploiting its resources and expanding industrially. The consequences of the Civil War play a huge part in the differences between the economies of the north and south of the United States, especially due to the detrimental effects the war had on the south. The economic situation in turn impacted upon the social conditions of the time so as the north became more industrially developed, social conditions improved and in the south, with a stagnant economy, social
To what extent napoleons reforms benefit the majority of French people
To what extent napoleons reforms benefit the majority of French people. After achieving power Napoleon set about reforming just about every aria of French life, he revolutionised the political system, and introduced the 'Code Napoleon' which brought about many new laws and rights. Some of these can be seen as advantageous to the French people and some can not. In this essay it will be discussed to what extent these reforms were actually beneficial to the common people. Many people would agree that the most critical reform Napoleon introduced that affected the general public was the introduction of the civil code, later dubbed the 'Code Napoleon'. This insured civil rights were insured for all French males as well as governing the laws of property ownership and inheritance. Despite this the code was actually quite repressive in many arias, it set woman out to be second class citizens and gave them next to know rights in marriage, a wife had to yield to her husband at all times and could be sent to prison for disloyalty. In contrast an adulteress male was not reprimanded in any way; in fact the woman was only given rights to file for divorce if the man insisted that she live alongside his mistress. Despite the relinquish of Catholic control over France divorces were still very hard to obtain especially for the woman. Napoleon did abolish feudalism which was a very popular
Rebelion Estudiantil en Cordoba
Rebelión de Córdoba Desde jóvenes hemos estudiado Historia como materia, Historia Mexicana durante la primaria, Historia Universal -que en la mayoría de las veces más bien deberíamos llamar "Europea y un poco del resto del mundo"- durante la secundaria y la preparatoria, pero rara vez tenemos el privilegio de aprender de la cultura Sudamericana, de sus logros e infortunios, tanto es el caso que estos eventos viven solo en la memoria de historiados. Esta es razón por la cual la "Rebelión Estudiantil de Córdoba" representa un nuevo enfoque de lo que le sucedió a la época de guerra. Hace poco más de noventa años, ocurrió un evento mejor conocido como la reforma o revolución universitaria de 1918 que aunque hoy en día no se habla mucho de ella, marca una gran diferencia en la historia Latinoamericana. Este movimiento reformista tiene causas y motivaciones propias, está inscrito en un proceso mundial de comienzos del siglo XX, donde un fenómeno recorría el mundo "la revolución socialista". El 24 de junio de 1918 un grupo de estudiantes universitarios tomaron posesión de la Universidad de Córdoba e izaron la bandera Argentina, así esto marca el comienzo de la Reforma Universitaria. Este movimiento fue dirigido por Deodoro Roca -quien redacto el "Manifiesto Liminar de la Reforma Universitaria1"- entre otros líderes estudiantiles, también se dice, aunque no
JOHN D. LEE: A SCAPEGOAT? MYTHS AND FALLACIES CONCERNING THE ROLE OF JOHN D. LEE IN THE MOUNTAIN MEADOWS MASSACRE
JOHN D. LEE: A SCAPEGOAT? MYTHS AND FALLACIES CONCERNING THE ROLE OF JOHN D. LEE IN THE MOUNTAIN MEADOWS MASSACRE Keith Paxton History 497 Brother Coates Date due: July 17, 2012 Date turned in: July 17, 2012 Assignment: Final Draft JOHN DOYLE LEE: A SCAPEGOAT? (Outline) . Introduction 2. Thesis: Even though there were other, higher profile, men, such as William H. Dame, Isaac C. Haight and John M. Higbee, who were involved in the Mountain Meadows Massacre, John D. Lee was the only person singled out for participating in a massacre therefore making him a scapegoat—who was used by Brigham to protect the Church. 3. A discussion of Myths and Fallacies . The way I am going to use myth. 2. The term fallacy, how I am going to use it, and what fallacies I am going to use. . How I am going to use the term ‘fallacy” 2. The fallacies that historians use when they write about John D. Lee’s role in the Mountain Meadows Massacre . Mormonism Unveiled and The Mormon Menace (myths and fallacies about John D. Lee’s role in the massacre) . Mormonism Unveiled and the authorship question . The use of Mormonism Unveiled to describe John D. Lee’s role in the Massacre 2. Mormonism Unveiled and the Fallacy of Possible Proof . What the fallacy is 2. Some authors who make the fallacy and why it occurs (hidden motives) . The Mormon Menace and Mormonism Unveiled
Total War is as much a myth as total victory or total defeat - Discuss
Introduction to Modern History 1800-2000 ‘Total War is as much a myth as total victory or total defeat.’ How far do you agree? Total War is believed by some, to be the culmination of all warfare that was to be achieved before and up until the end of the twentieth century. The concept of Total War itself, when victory is believed to be the only option, is achieved through every aspect of a nation being mobilised and covers a wide range of criteria that must be fulfilled before the criteria of Total War can be met. A country’s economy, technological development, organisation of state and manpower must all be committed to aid a war effort – as well as the war itself having wider repercussions such as political and social impact and a wide geographical spread. Total War, therefore is very difficult to achieve as there are so many components that are expected to be fulfilled, hence why many feel there is strong validity for the argument that Total War is indeed a myth. Trying to define Total War in its entirety can be a challenging task due to the varying interpretations (that are mostly often down to personal opinion) of what defines Total War. Chickering et al[1] (2005, p. 55) refers to the caution that must be taken when trying to give Total War a label ‘A variety of overly narrow or overly broad definitions are now in competition.’ this can create confusion
Nationalism and Imperialism in the Late Nineteenth Century
Cote, Imperialism and it’s relation to Nationalism The last quarter of the nineteenth century was the classical age of European imperialism (Marshall,49). Western European countries such as Britain, France, Belgium and Italy were all trying to impose their imperialistic thoughts on other countries. Funk and Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia defines Imperialism as the practice by which powerful nations or peoples seek to extend and maintain control or influence over weaker nations...power and influence is extended informally, mainly through diplomatic and economic means, rather than formally through direct colonial rule. Besides the political and economic point of view, the process of imperialism cannot be defined without the cultural concepts such as imposing religion, traditions and or language of a nation. The three main goals for European imperialists were social, economic and political gain. Social motives focused on morals or ideologies. “Britain’s colonial empire was motivated at least in part by the idea that it was the “white man’s burden” to civilize “backward” peoples” (Imperialism,3). Britain believed that they were superior over all others and all countries were in need of British rule. This was Britain’s justification for their imperialistic policies. The most common motive for imperialism was economic. This was all about acquiring more raw
To what extent did Sir Robert Peel reshape the modern British state, 1841-46?
To what extent did Sir Robert Peel reshape the modern British state, 1841-46? Robert Peel introduced many radical reforms in his second term which changed the general attitudes within Britain and helped to push Britain towards a more modern state. He reshaped politics by ending the clear Whig, Tory divide and introducing a liberal attitude. His series of economic and social reforms metamorphosed Britain towards a more liberal modern state which encompassed the growing middle classes. Peel’s conservative politic position has been critically analysed by many historians. Historian Norman Gash promotes peel as the founder of modern conservatism while Richard A. Gaunt argues he developed a new liberal approach to politics.[1] His removal of tariffs and encouragement of free trade highlight his liberal attitudes. Peel rebuilt his party and as Douglas Hurd puts it reinvented his party to be more appealing to the growing middle class. The middle classes were growing in prosperity as well as numbers, they were becoming impatient with the old rigid ways but were against revolution. Historian G.H Francis describes peel as a slave to public opinion, he mentions in his work that ‘(Peel) his mind marched with that of the public’[2]. However it can be argued that Peels reorganisation and public confidence led to restoration of faith in politics. Peel built a cabinet of outstanding
