Assess Young's argument that the role and experience of women in the police can be characterised by 'structural marginalisation'.
Assess Young's argument that the role and experience of women in the police can be characterised by 'structural marginalisation'. 3rd year sociology of policing and social order Aogan Mulcahy Cara Forbes-Malone 00076848. Throughout the history of policing, women have remained the subordinate gender within the police unit. Policing in the UK and indeed Ireland has always been associated within a male context. In England and Wales in 1981 only 8.6% of officers in the police force were female, rising to 13.2% by 1993 (Heishmann et al, 2000:237). Rising figures show that the infiltration of women into the police force is lessening the gap between males and females as enforcers of the law. Nonetheless, there is still a wide rift in ratios of male entry to female entry. The business and police worlds are male dominated. The policing structure has been designed by a man, and in a non-critical sense, designed for men in particular. Because of an unequal past, society has allowed for the formation of a division of labour. There remains a high level of male representation within the police force and women are definitely the minority. Senior positions are nearly entirely occupied by men and women do not have an equal opportunity to gain seniority. Low levels of entry into the police can be attributed to society and its view of what policing entails. Policing is seen as macho, an
What are the general Arguments of two main theoretical perspectives on gender inequality V functional analysis and conflict analysis?
To: Dr. Richard Lam Cheung Fm: Group 6 CLASS: SOCIOLOGY 101 SECTION 4 TOPIC What are the general Arguments of two main theoretical perspectives on gender inequality - functional analysis and conflict analysis? If you were a functionalist, what would you say should be done, if any, about gender inequality in Hong Kong? As a conflict theorist, what would you say, if any, should be done in Hong Kong? Explain? Group Members: Student Name Student Nr Lam Wing Leung 020023 Lui Chi Wai 020006 Lee Chung Man 020024 Wong Wing To 020014 Fung Ka Chun 020010 Wong Ka Hong Desmond 020018 Lee Sun wah Hermony 020012 CONTENTS . Introduction 3 Research Problem: 3 Objective: 3 Methodology: 3 Approach: 3 Remarks/Legends: 4 2. General Arguments towards Gender Inequality 5 A. Functionalism 5 B. Conflicts Theory 6 3. Gender Inequality in Hong Kong 8 A. Education 8 B. Employment & Incomes 11 C. Human Rights & Politics 16 4. Ideas for Improving Gender Inequality 18 A. Functionalists 18 B. Conflict Theorists 18 A. Bibliography 19 B. Appendices 20 Appendix 1: List of Executive Councilors in Hong Kong(BTT) 20 Appendix 2: List of Universities in Hong Kong & the Headmasters' Gender(BTT) 20 Appendix 3: List of Legisilative Councillors in Hong Kong(BTT) 21 Appendix 4: Table studied under Thematic Report - Women and Men, Population Census 2001, Hong
Sex generalisations and stereotypes.
English Language Coursework Investigation Introduction As early as 1847, women were described in terms of appearance rather than character traits or achievements, and this can be seen in Mr. Rochester's description of Blanche Ingram in 'Jane Eyre' (1847); "a strapper, a real strapper, Jane: big, brown, and buxom." This is a frequently used stereotypical view of women, and in my project I aim to discover whether this aspect of representation is still prevalent in the media of today. This subject appealed to me, especially the research by Jennifer Coates and Angela Goddard, which, although based on speech, provided some explanation for the widespread inference that women are subordinate to men. For example, it was found by Beiley and Time in 1976 that women use expletives far less in conversation than men, with the connotation that this trend is a result of women being gentler, and less aggressive than men, and therefore less powerful. However, this research was completed by Coates in 1982 and, since then, there have been few extensive studies of gender representation in the media. However, at present there is pressure on most aspects of society to be politically correct and non-sexist, and sexual equality is a standard expectation. Women are constantly discussed in a variety of media, including tabloid and broadsheet newspapers, and also 'teen magazines,' such as 'Mizz,'
"The Gender Agenda has been conflated with Women's Agenda
"The Gender Agenda has been conflated with Women's Agenda." Are these the same? Discuss some of the key points on the Caribbean Gender Agenda, using history and race as your points of departure." The question asks for a distinction between Gender Agenda and Women's Agenda. It must first be noted that these two concepts cannot be the same, for the mere fact that they address two separate spheres of human existential reality. Gender is a learned process; hence one learns masculine or feminine behavior. Women's Agenda however refers to that area of thought dealing with the female sex. Hence Gender Agenda and Women's Agenda cannot be the same thing. If we look at a meaning for the word agenda, images and thoughts of a plan, an outline, a mission to be accomplished, quickly rush to the fore. So obviously the Gender Agenda and Women's Agenda cannot be the same, because both have different missions to be accomplished and concern two totally different arenas. Given the difference between the two main concepts, this paper will consider them, using history- i.e. our slave past and race- i.e. our social interactions with one another-as points of departure. The historical and racial considerations will be used to anchor the discussion, showing that Gender Agenda and Women's Agenda are not the same. At first glance it may seem that the Gender Agenda has been conflated with women's
From your knowledge of young children, how does their socialisation experience at home differ from in a playgroup or nursery?
From your knowledge of young children, how does their socialisation experience at home differ from in a playgroup or nursery? Socialisation describes the process through which a person learns the 'appropriate' parts of their culture. Which parts of the culture are regarded as appropriate to learn depends primarily on the social statuses of the person. Clearly, socialisation can be a life-long process. It applies to everyone who is continuing to learn, which many do until death. However, the process is at its most thorough, effective and pervasive with children. Socialisation is essential for the survival of all human societies. Without it, there could be no social life, nor would any society last. The term primary socialisation refers to those parts of the socialisation process, which are based in childhood and conducted in primary groups - small, face-to-face groups, which involve the person as a 'whole' person. They include the family, child's playgroup peers; close family friends and neighbours and others. In the early months and years of life, a healthy child's learning is remarkably rapid. Though exposed to a wide range of experiences inside and outside the home, it is mainly from their parents and siblings that children in these early stages begin to learn about the world and the culture into which they have been born. Even before they have learnt to talk, children
Queer theory
Queer theory emerged from gay/lesbian studies' defining the social construction of normative and deviant categories of sexual behaviour. While gay/lesbian studies focused largely on questions of homosexuality, queer theory expanded its area of research, looking at anything that falls into 'normative and deviant categories'1, particularly sexual activities and identities. Gayle Rubin's essay 'Thinking Sex' demonstrates how the 'contemporary west arranges its beliefs about 'good sexuality and bad sexuality'2 she presented two diagrams showing examples of these, examples of which I will refer to when looking at my chosen two texts. Sarah Water's novel Tipping the Velvet encourages us to think outside the norm, the protagonist Nancy Astley (later adopting the stage name of Nan King) begins the book within the category of normal; she has a boyfriend, lives at home and works within the family business. Nancy's initial infatuation with Kitty demonstrates her journey of sexual discovery, her desire for kitty is lesbian which according to Rubin occupies the area between good and bad which is the 'major area of contest'3 due to constantly changing attitudes to sexual behaviour. Kitty and Nan's subsequent relationship seems typical of any relationship and in the 21st century is not queer to most people. Queer theory insists that 'all sexual behaviors, all concepts linking sexual
What distinctive features can you identify about men and women's work in Britain? How would you explain changes and continuities in the patterns in recent years?
What distinctive features can you identify about men and women's work in Britain? How would you explain changes and continuities in the patterns in recent years? There are many distinctive features about men and women's work in Britain. The ones I have identified are, gender roles, the division of labour, women working inside the home and men working outside the home, with paid and unpaid labour, all of which I will define in later paragraphs. There is an expectation that men and women will undertake certain roles in and out of work. So in order to fully answer the question, I will define the term work and explain the ambiguity that surrounds this term and discuss what forms of employment women are entering, in comparison to men. To demonstrate the changes and continuities of men and women's work in Britain I will give a brief historical account of family life pre industrialisation, I will not be using this period as the egalitarian model for British society, merely a comparison to how the family economic dynamics have changed through the period of industrialisation. I will discuss how this period not only brought changes to the family structure, but also altered the working environment and set the patterns of segregation on which current gender divisions are founded. Current divisions are not as extreme as they were in the early part of the twentieth century. Pressure
Deborah Tannen and Dale Spender, explore the idea that men and women inhabit two distinct cultures. Is this still the case in the twenty-first century?
Deborah Tannen and Dale Spender, explore the idea that men and women inhabit two distinct cultures. Is this still the case in the twenty-first century? In this essay I will provide information and evidence related to Deborah Tannen and Dale Spender's theories to gender. I will also explore the idea that men and women inhabit two distinct 'cultures', and if this is still the case in the twenty first century? When we think about what it is meant by being a man or a woman we are usually less interested in the biological aspect of gender, the concept that covers masculinity and femininity. Children come to think of themselves as a boy or a girl, and children develop the idea that it is masculine to behave in one way and feminine, to behave in another. Babies appear to have very little sense of self-awareness, so presumably they start life oblivious of what of what sex they are, however, two British psychologists have suggested that we discriminate gender from very early age. Babies between ten and eighteen months old spent more time looking at babies' pictures of the same sex. From this they concluded that babies could discriminate gender, even before they begin to talk. Parent's great investments in encouraging their daughters to be sociable, they smile and to them more, encouraging them to smile they tend to be more verbally affectionate towards girls. Using terms like,
Many scholars would argue that managerial work is infused with an irreducible 'masculine ethics'. What does it mean? Do you agree with the view that management is a gendered practice? Why is this a problem?
Many scholars would argue that managerial work is infused with an irreducible 'masculine ethics'. What does it mean? Do you agree with the view that management is a gendered practice? Why is this a problem? In this essay I will examine the meaning of "masculine ethics", their influence on managerial work and everyday life. Furthermore I will analyse the thesis that management is a gendered practice and then draw/point out possible solutions to this problem. Management is still said to be discriminating against women. This is based on the assumption that it is infused with an irreducible "masculine ethics", which means that masculine instincts and a dominance of the male sex rule this area of working life. It emphasises a system of rules which formalise the notion of obligation. Many women still suffer from segregation in their workplace and find it hard to break through the so called "glass ceiling". This glass ceiling is an invisible artificial barrier to positions of management, created by prejudiced attitudes and behaviour. It is fact, that less than 5% of the top jobs in corporations are held by women.1 And whenever women manage to rise to the top there is mostly still a difference in the level of payment. Let us take a closer look at possible reasons for this. It already starts in families where the mother mostly stays at home to raise the children and do the
Three main religions were discussed in Mathieu's Critique of faiths that are dominated by males. These three religions include Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. In these three religions how are gender roles allocated?
Chaka Brown TR-Philosophy Three main religions were discussed in Mathieu's Critique of faiths that are dominated by males. These three religions include Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. In critiquing these three religions Mathieu poses a series of questions. How are gender roles in society allocated? Why would any woman choose to adhere to gender stereotyping and how could any reasonable woman believe in the gods associated with the religions listed above? Although Mathieu states that there is no specific or definite manner in which to decipher gender roles within society, certain methods are employed. For instance, individuals are expected to perform certain tasks, like mowing the lawn or setting the table once they've reached a certain age. Yet another aspect employed in deciphering gender roles is ability. Individuals with a greater intellectual capasity will not be expected to perform any task involving hard labor. Still the most significant standard used in determining which individuals will perform which task is gender. Furthermore, males must perform a specific set of tasks, as do females. Women must occupy a certain space in society. Traditionally, women were only permitted to hold jobs as teachers, maids, or secretaries. Why is it that any woman would adhere to this type of gender stereotyping? Mathieu states that it is instilled in the minds of women