Stick with Steel Tariffs
"Let's Stick With the Steel Tariffs" . Define the following terms indicated in bold in the text: a. Dumping - dumping is defined as the act of a manufacturer in one country exporting a product to another country at a price which is either below the price it charges in its home market or is below its costs of production. The term has negative connotation, but advocates of free markets see "dumping" as beneficial for consumers and believe that protectionism to prevent it b. Comparative advantage - is a principle to explain how it can be beneficial for two parties (countries, regions, individuals and so on) to trade if one has a lower relative cost of producing some good. What matters is not the absolute cost of production but the opportunity cost which measures how much production of one good is reduced to produce one more unit of the other good. Comparative advantage is a key economic concept in the study of free trade. 2. Use a supply and demand diagram to show the effects of the US tariff on imported steel. The tariff has the effect of shifting the world supply curve vertically. This will create a redistribution of surplus within the graph. We see that consumer surplus will decrease which is a net loss. Furthermore this makes consumers unambiguously worse off than under a free trade regime, but still better of than under a system without trade. The producer surplus
Steel EconomicsCommentary
"Steel Authority May Cut Production on Lower Demand": Commentary Around the world, steel suppliers are cutting production levels as demand for the commodity is rapidly decreasing. Due to the recent global recession, people are delaying buying cars and houses, both of which are products that are predominantly made of steel. More specifically, ArcelorMittal, the world's largest steel producer will be cutting production by more than 30% in Europe and U.S.A, resulting in an estimated $2.5 billion loss in the fourth quarter. Companies like Steel Authority of India Ltd. were forced to reduce their prices by 6000 rupees ($126) a ton in order to increase demand for the commodity, as people do not have the money to buy steel anymore. The extent of this issue has risen to the point where some steel producers are temporarily shutting down factories, and stopping the purchase of raw slabs of steel, like ThyssenKrupp AG, who is Germany's biggest producer. Thus, as a result of the leftward shift in demand for steel, due to reduced consumer incomes, supply has been forced to the right. Price Quantity Due to the decreased demand for steel, there is an excess amount of the commodity (Homogenous goods that are raw materials in critical industries)1. One solution for dealing with this excess amount of steel is by controlling supply (the quantity of goods and services that producers are
The development of steel structures in High Rise Buildings
Murat keles History and Theory TFA 1121 Charles Hippisley- Cox The Development of Steel Structures in High-Risers Introduction Steel is one of the strongest and most affordable materials. It is used in all types of buildings and in all aspects of construction. Compared to other building materials steel has a favourable strength to weight ratio and it offers the greatest strength per volume. For century's steel has been in use for many applications. Particularly in construction this alloy has allowed a new type of building, known as the skyscraper. After a certain point, it just wasn't possible to keep building up. In the late 1800s, new technology enabled these limits. Suddenly, it was possible to live and work in colossal towers, hundreds of feet above the ground. Steel has helped urbanised locations with the use of skeleton structures by allowing more floors to be added to the construction. Steel allowed architects to utilise floor space on multiple floors. Home Insurance Building- "Considered the first American skyscraper, the 10-story Home Insurance Building in Chicago was the first tall building to be supported by a metal skeleton of vertical columns and horizontal beams. Engineer William LeBaron Jenney discovered that thin pieces of steel could support a tall building as well as thick stone walls could. The steel necessary to carry Jenney's 10-story building
Steel company analysis
United States Steel Corporation vs. AK Steel Holding Company The University of Findlay Financial Reporting and Statement Analysis Professor Barbara Blake MBA 680 N4 Table of Contents . Introduction..................................................................................3 2. Executive summary.........................................................................3 3. US Steel Background.......................................................................5 4. US Steel 5 Year Stock History............................................................6 5. AK Steel Background.......................................................................7 6. AK Steel Year Stock History..............................................................7 7. Financial Analysis of US Steel............................................................8 8. Financial Analysis of AK Steel..........................................................11 9. Ratio Analysis * Liquidity . Current Ratio..............................................................15 2. Acid Test..................................................................15 3. Operating Cycle..........................................................16 * Solvency . Total Debt Ratio..........................................................17 2. Total Debt to Equity
Tata steel SWOT
STRENGHTS One of the most important Tata’s strength is their resources and capabilities. Tata has two collieries, also has manganese mines and dolomite quarries, all of them nearly the factory, so it permit the company to have manufacturing facilities. The TATA brand owing to its highly ethical and a socialistic approach to business have made its name synonymous to trust. After the acquisition of Corus another powerful brand, the brand value of the company has enhanced further. Tata is also the largest private steel maker in the Indian Industry. Tata Steel has a highly credible management team who has displayed their skills in expanding the company through inorganic route. The company has successfully acquired Nat Steel of Indonesia, Millennium Steel of Thailand and more importantly Corus. The company’s virtuosos of finance have been able to find innovative ways to keep the bottom line in the green zone despite lowering demand and huge debts accumulated. Technology and Productivity combination: The entire mining operation of the Company is safeguarded against accident occurrence. Proactive measures are undertaken to ensure the employee's health and productivity through ergonomically designed work stations and by protecting them from occupational hazards. All its mines are ISO-14001-Environmental Management System Certified. Tata Steel's collieries use 'Surpac', a
Gartland Steel.
Case Facts Gartland Steel was a fully integrated steel producer, the fourth largest in the US. It was the largely accepted industry leader in sensitivity to environmental issues and in its actions to alleviate pollution. The Clean Air Act of 1970 created the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) to establish and enforce air quality goals. The standards postulated threshold levels beyond which ambient pollutants were damaging to health and welfare. Emission rates standards were set 'stack-by-stack' for most industrial processes. Though the aim was to bring most of the geographical areas within the purview of the Act, 160 of the 247 regions were non-compliant by the 1975 deadline. The main reason was found to be the high costs of implementing 'stack-by-stack' standards. Offset Policy To counter this problem, the EPA created the 'offset' policy which allowed firms to trade pollution rights within non-attainment regions. In this policy, the companies were allowed intra-pollution category trading but not inter-pollution category trading. This led to a market in pollution rights. Bubble Policy This was a derivative of the offset policy. As per this policy, a firm would be free to decide how to bring the net level of pollution within standards, as against installation of mandated stack-by-stack equipment. The policies were however complex and approval by authorities was
GLOBAL STEEL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT
A PROJECT REPORT ON RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ON GLOBAL STEEL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT SUBMITTED BY: SAGAR REDKER MMS-I ROLL NO: 44 SMT.K.G.MITTAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT I.T & RESEARCH MUMBAI UNIVERSITY 2008-2010 Acknowledgement To make all task of great worth require contribution from many people and this project is also not exception to that. I am thankful to Dr.C.V.Joshi, Director of Smt.K.G.Mittal Institute Of management, I.T & Research, Mumbai for allowing me permission to perform this project. The last but not the least, I would like to pay my thanks to my parents without who's support and inspiration it was really hard task for me. I wish to express my gratitude to those who may have contributed to this work, even though anonymously. I am thankful to all those whose name are mentioned above and even to those whose names need not be mentioned. GLOBAL STEEL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT & GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR THE CHINESE AND INDIAN (STEEL INDUSTRIES: THE PERILS OF OVEREXPANSION) OVERVIEW OF IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY Introduction Steel is crucial to the development of any modern economy and is considered to be the backbone of human civilisation. The level of per capita consumption of steel is treated as an important index of the level of socioeconomic development and living standards of the people in any country. It is a product of a large and technologically complex
Steel Reinforcement Tension Test
Introduction: Steel Reinforcement Tension Test can be conducted in two experiment session: * Two deformed grade 460 high yield steel bars * Two plain round grade 250 mild steel bars Both steel bars conform to the relevant requirements of BS 4449:1988; have a nominal diameter of 20 mm, and a length of approximately 800 mm. Objectives: * Practice tension testing of steel bars as reinforcement for concrete according to Hong Kong current standards. * Determine geometrical and mechanical properties of steel reinforcements including nominal cross-sectional area, yield stress, tensile strength, nominal stress at fracture, and elongation over gauge length, reduction of cross-sectional area at necking section, and modulus of elasticity. * Check compliancy of the determined properties of the steel reinforcements with relevant Hong Kong standards. Apparatus: . Testing machine equipped with an extensometer with a plotter for drawing load-extension curve (fig. 1) Fig. 1 2. straight edge (fig. 2) Fig. 2 3. A caliper (fig. 3) Fig. 3 4. A metal saw for making marks on the specimens (fig. 4) Fig. 4 5. weighing equipment (fig. 5) Fig. 5 6. metal ruler (fig. 6) Fig. 6 Procedure: i. The mass (M) and length (L) of the bars were measured. The diameter of plain mild steel bar (Dp) was also measured. Dp is used in this experiment to calculate sectional area for comparison
Steel minimills - Nucor Corp.
STEEL MINIMILLS During the mid-1960s, when America's traditional steel companies were still titans, Nucor Corp. wasn't even making steel. But in the 34 years since it entered the business as a minimill, the Charlotte, N.C.-based company has grown into the second largest, most dynamic and perhaps most competitive steel maker in the nation. Its $4.1 billion in sales in 2001 make it second only to U.S. Steel Corp., which reported $6.4 billion in revenue last year. But unlike Pittsburgh-based U.S. Steel, which lost $218 million, Nucor has continued its uninterrupted record of profitability, earning $113 million in 2001. In the 1960s, Nuclear Corp. of America, as it was then called, was moving from the production of nuclear instruments into steel joists. In 1968, it built an electric arc furnace and began producing its own steel, joining a trend that would revolutionize the industry. Minimills, which began to appear in the 1960s, were called "mini" because that's what they were in comparison to huge "old line" plants. The hulking traditional mills are called "integrated" because they make steel from scratch - using iron ore from the ground. Minimills are cheaper to build and operate than the integrated mills. They use electric arc furnaces to melt and recast steel scrap. At first, they were capable of producing only the crudest steel products. But, as technology improved,
Stifness of Steel Lab
Variables: Independent: Length of blade (m) Dependant: Time taken for 1 oscillation (s) Controlled: - Mass of the magnets (One pair of magnets weighing 59.08g was used throughout the experiment) - Place of Release (Using tape, it was marked where the blade would be released from) - Type of Hacksaw Blade (One blade was used throughout the experiment) - Number of Oscillations (5 Oscillations timed for each trial) Data Collection: Table 1-Constant Values Mass of Magnet 59.08g±0.01 0.05908kg±0.00001 Thickness of Blade 0.77mm±0.05 0.00077m±0.00005 Depth of Blade 0.65cm±0.05 0.0065m±0.00005 * For the mass, an uncertainty of0.01g was used, as the uncertainty was stated on the weighing machine. * For the thickness and depth, an uncertainty of0.05mm was used, as the uncertainty was stated on the micrometer. Table 2-Average Time for 5 Oscillations Number of Oscillations Distance from Clamp (m) Uncertainty (m) ± Trial 1 (s) Trial 2 (s) Trial 3 (s) Trial 4 (s) Trial 5 (s) Average (s) Uncertainty (s) ± 5 0.1620 0.0005 .28 .37 .31 .40 .22 .32 0.04 5 0.2080 0.0005 .66 .78 .81 .66 .69 .72 0.03 5 0.2240 0.0005 2.47 2.16 2.19 2.38 2.20 2.28 0.06 5 0.2420 0.0005 2.53 2.65 2.60 2.75 2.66 2.64 0.04 5 0.2710 0.0005 3.28 3.22 3.13 3.42 3.22 3.25 0.06 * For the distance from the clamp, an uncertainty of 0.0005m
