How humans have polluted the Earth
This project is aimed to deliver the facts about how humans have polluted the Earth in every way possible, what these pollutants are, how they came about, what they do, and what we can do to stop them spreading further. This project has been divided into five parts, each focusing on different aspects of human contamination. The first segment is about how humans have reduced the total amount of land for animals and plants. The second element is about how humans pollute their world, i.e. land sea and air. The final pieces are about three of the main problems caused by human pollution: The greenhouse effect Ozone layer problem Crisis with eutrophication The last page of this project is a bibliography, which contains all the names of the sources of information that I have found. The whole project is designed to give a neutral view on the subjects, but my personal comments have also been added to give an enhanced insight into the topics. The assignment contains a few illustrations and diagrams of the key points. I trust that you will enjoy reading this work, and hope that you learn about the injustices going on, on our planet. Never has so much been owed to the world by so few, that so many have to suffer for, until the end of time. As previously stated, this segment will deal with the reasons behind, and how, humans have reduced the amount of land for plants and animals.
Critically evaluate the view that understanding the multi-disciplinary nature Organisational Behaviour is essential to the effective management of both people and operations inorganisations.
Critically evaluate the view that understanding the multi-disciplinary nature Organisational Behaviour is essential to the effective management of both people and operations in organisations. Introduction Organisations do not operate in a vacuum. In order to survive and function effectively, any organisation has to interact constantly with the world outside, its environment. All effective managers must understand the nature of the people-organisation relationship. There are many interrelated factors that influence the behaviour and performance of people within organisations. The modern, effective manager has to be what could be described as a managerial paradigm: psychologist, anthropologist and sociologist. Effective leaders should strive for the integration of these factors. Any changes in business processes which are made, fundamental or otherwise, have ramifications for many other parts and aspects of an organisation. When a business process is re-engineered, jobs evolve from narrow and task-oriented to multi-dimensional. People who once acted only as they were instructed, now make choices and decisions on their own. Assembly line work may all but disappear, some functional departments may lose their reasons for being, managers stop acting as supervisors and behave more like coaches. Attitudes and values change, as does practically every aspect of the organisation,
Alaska - conservation and tourism.
WILDERNESS CONTINUUM - ALASKA: Location Alaska is the largest state of the United States of America by area; it is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent. Approximately half of Alaska's 683,478 residents reside within the Anchorage metropolitan area. As of 2009, Alaska remains the least densely populated state of the US. Tourism There is a growing service and tourism sector. Tourists have contributed to the economy by supporting local lodging. Tourism choices should be shaped by the spirit of appreciation, participation, and sensitivity to the environment and community. Communities must understand the reality that at some point tour groups become too large to be considered "ecotourism" and begin to have a negative impact on wildlife, wild lands, Native cultures, and local communities. Conservation & Sustainability Since 1935, The Wilderness Society has led the conservation movement in wilderness protection, writing and passing the landmark Wilderness Act, and winning lasting protection for 109 million acres of Wilderness, including 56 million acres of spectacular lands in Alaska. Alaska's wild lands are under attack. Alaska contains over 200 million acres of federal public lands - lands owned by individuals in the US. Alaska Wilderness League works at a high governmental level on a variety of issues affecting Alaska's wild land and
Air Pollution Episodes
Episodes Figure 1: Air pollution episodes can often be a problem in cities such as Middlesbrough [Picture from 1]. Summa Walker EERE UG 4: Air and Water Pollution Modelling UK Air Pollution Episodes An air pollution episode is the term used for a period of poor air quality, lasting up to several days, often extending over a large geographical area [2]. Concentrations of all the measured species may increase at the same time, or only one species may be affected. 'Air Pollution Bands' classify pollution levels into bands to enable air quality levels to be identified, see table 1. Description... Low S Moderate I High A Very High Sulphur Dioxide (ppb, 15 minute averages) <100 00-199 200-399 >=400 Ozone (ppb) <50 (8hr running average) 50-89 (hourly average) 90-179 (hourly average) >=180 (hourly average) Carbon Monoxide (ppm, 8 hour running average) <10 0-14 5-19 >=20 Nitrogen Dioxide (ppb, hourly average) <150 50-299 300-399 >=400 PM10 Particles (µg/m3, 24 hour running average) <50 50-74 75-99 >=100 S = Standard Threshold, I = Information Threshold, A = Alert Threshold Table 1: Air Pollution bands for some major pollutants [from 5] There are different types of episode, caused in different ways: * Winter episodes occur during periods of cold calm weather when pollution emissions are trapped close to their sources and cannot
These results show that the public are aware of the threats against the peat lands
Questionairre Results The questionnaire was also designed for two sets of age groups : age 15- 30 and age 30+ however when I calculated my results I realised that theses two age groups had similar opinions. I distributed my questionnaire according to the age group, I did not however, Distribute them to any type of job category as I wanted to keep my results simple. I disturbed them to a wide variety of people including students, pensioners, working people etc.. and did not take there job type into consideration which looking at my results. My results were as follows; Q1. There is an increase in the need for fuel, housing, energy and agricultural land in Ireland which is contributing to a decrease of peat lands. Nevertheless, because these peat lands are a unique environment we should try to protect them. Please tick. Age 15-30 Strongly agree- 19 Agree- 45 Disagree-1 Strongly disagree- 0 Age 30+ Strongly agree- 14/33 Agree- 27/72 Disagree- 4/5 Strongly disagree- 0 Total Total = 110 people. Out of a total of 110 people who answered, in both age groups, 72 people, over 50% , agreed that we should try to protect them because of their unique environment. 33 strongly agreed, only 5 disagreed and 0 people strongly
What is Deforestation?
Deforestation Michael Gerry What is Deforestation? Deforestation is the cutting down and destruction of woodland and forestry, causing an increase of pollution in the environment. Deforestation is the result of overgrazing, over-collection of wood and clearance to make room for new roads and farmland. It is the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land for other purposes such as agricultural or urban use. Forest fires are also a major factor and cause for deforestation, and is well recognised as a problem in Australia. Where does Deforestation take place? Deforestation occurs everywhere in the world but the most heavily affected areas are in South America from destroying the Amazon Rainforest, and South East Asia. These are particularly bad cases as they are places that are wrought with extreme poverty, and farmers have no choice but to cut down trees to make space for extra farmland where they can grow more crops, so that they can then in turn yield more and make enough money to survive. What are the impacts that this has on the environment? The main effect of deforestation is that biodiversity is seriously reduced. It is estimated that 50-70% of all biodiversity on the planet is in the rainforests, and they make up only 2% of the biosphere. So by destroying the forest, we are destroying their home and they will die. Some forestry is being destroyed so fast
In the past years it has not been known if Canada should ratify and implement the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol. This idea was brought together during the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro
In the past years it has not been known if Canada should ratify and implement the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol. This idea was brought together during the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, where Canada and 36 other countries entered in a voluntary agreement to reduce the level of greenhouse gases, an invisible gas that traps heat from the sun and creates warmer temperatures. Scientific evidence has shown that air pollution is a local problem with global consequences. Air pollution can be justified by society's lack of knowledge of what is to happen in the future and by lack of scientific ability to reduce non-acceptable emission levels of certain highly dangerous chemicals. However, with modern day science there are warnings and also air pollution, which in terms of greenhouse gases provides us with the scientific means to reduce these emissions. Where is the justification for any country, government or individual to continue to produce unacceptable high emission levels of these dangerous gases? It is the responsibility of all countries and governments to ensure that they reduce or maintain an acceptable level of emissions. In the future they will be able to enjoy an environment that is not threatened by a large-scale production of greenhouse gases. Ratifying Kyoto is important for Canada, in part to protect its reputation as an environmentally responsible nation.
Emerging Chemical Contaminants: The Case of Perfluorochemicals
Emerging Chemical Contaminants: The Case of Perfluorochemicals Introduction In recent times, an emerging class of global contaminant, the perfluorochemicals (PFCs), has been the subject of immense worldwide investigation. PFCs are a class of organohalogens in which the compound is fully saturated with fluorines. The unique physical and chemical properties of PFCs are of value in industry and commerce. Since the 1950's sulfonated and carboxylated PFCs have been used in a wide variety industrial, commercial and consumer applications. Furthermore, these compounds are metabolically and photochemically inert, resisting both biotic and biotic degradation (Giesy & Kannan 2002). As a consequence, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and related perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were recently found to be bioaccumulative, global contaminants of environmental and biological matrices (Giesy & Kannan 2001), including trace level concentrations in the human population (Olsen et al. 2003a; Olsen et al. 2003b). Furthermore, scientific findings suggest that many PFCs exhibit a range of toxicological effects, potentially posing public health concerns. Observed toxicological effects of sulfonated and carboxylated PFC exposure on laboratory animals suggest potential developmental, reproductive, and systemic toxicity (OECD 2002; Seacat et al. 2002; Seacat et al. 2003). Furthermore,
Evaluate the impact of deforestation in Indonesia.
Evaluate the impact of deforestation in Indonesia. Deforestation is a major global problem with serious consequences to the planet. These consequences have negative effects on the climate, biodiversity, the atmosphere, and threatens the cultural and physical survival of indigenous peoples. Effects of deforestation are too great to continue destroying the forests. Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world with over 3000 islands including Borneo, Java and Sumatra. The islands lie on or close to the Equator. The climate is equatorial - hot and wet - and the typical vegetation is tropical rainforest giving Indonesia the name of the "Amazon of south-east Asia", there is a total forest area of more than 225 000 000 acres. Indonesia has 10% of the world's tropical rainforest; of this 61% is lowland evergreen broadleaf rainforest. However rapid deforestation is a major problem for this country. The estimated rates of deforestation in Indonesia have risen dramatically from 300 000 hectares per year in the 1970's to 1 million hectares per year in the 1990's. 72% of its original frontier forest has already been lost, and half of what remains is currently threatened. The main causes of deforestation are the subject of much debate in Indonesia. Many think the main causes are the role of the government, its development projects and the commercial logging companies. Others see
ANALYSE the biophysical interactions that contribute to the unique characteristics of intertidal wetlands and EXPLAIN the impact of humans on the intertidal wetlands
Year 12 GEOGRAPHY Assessment Task Ecosystems At Risk Case Study Task 2: Using the notes, the textbook, class notes and other sources complete the following question: ANALYSE the biophysical interactions that contribute to the unique characteristics of intertidal wetlands and EXPLAIN the impact of humans on the intertidal wetlands. The biophysical interactions that contribute to the unique characteristics of intertidal wetlands will be discussed below as well as geographical termination, and the impact of humans on the intertidal wetlands. The biophysical environment is made up of four components: Atmosphere: The interactions of the atmosphere with other spheres in the intertidal wetlands include, but are not limited to, the hydrosphere's contribution via high humidity levels; the lithosphere's soil profile contributing to the creation of gases, such as nitrogen; and the biospheres contribution of bacteria that are integral to the processes of hydrogen sulfide gas creation in the soils in the mangroves ecosystem. Hydrosphere: The interactions of the hydrosphere with the other components of the biophysical environment in intertidal wetlands include, but are not limited to, the atmosphere contribution of gases that are found in water, especially high dissolved oxygen levels; the lithosphere's soil movements, which contribute to the often high turbidity present in the
