In this investigation, I will be making a comparison of the height and width of a random selection of limpets from a sheltered shore and an exposed shore. Background information:
Comparison of width and height of Common Limpets between a sheltered shore and an exposed shore. Introduction: In this investigation, I will be making a comparison of the height and width of a random selection of limpets from a sheltered shore and an exposed shore. Background information: Limpets are marine gastropod molluscs with an oval shaped conical shell, they are found in the cooler parts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. They have a very strong muscular foot which they use to hold onto small imperfections in the rock surface, meaning that they can hold on very tightly, giving the false impression that suction is involved. When the tide is out, its large foot forms a seal to make sure that it does not dry out. The overall shape of the limpet combined with the powerful grip of its foot allows it to withstand the constant pounding of the waves and surf of the lower tidal zone. The muscular foot also encases the limpet's stomach. Its shell is secreted from a fold of tissue called the mantle, and special muscles attach the limpet to its shell at the base of the point of the shell. Limpets can often reach a width of 5cm with varying heights. The limpet moves by rippling the muscles of its foot in a series of waves. Limpets use a long thin tube-like toothed-tongue or radula to rasp algae off the rocks. When it feeds, it extends two tentacles in front of its body
Eastbourne - Land use changes as you move towards the sea front.
Eastbourne Introduction Eastbourne is large in tourism and also has a large beach, which has been managed. There has been a big project which lasted for 4 years to rebuild the groins. But by re-building them, it loses beach material. There is lots of land between the beach and houses. If the beach were to disappear, it would bring the economy right down and holiday workers will lose a huge sum of money. Senior citizens come to Eastbourne and retire there. If the beach were to disappear, then there would be a drain on the council's resources for the senior citizens and they wouldn't have any supplies for anything. So by providing these people with resources, it obviously counts a lot on the council's economy as a lot of the money comes out from it, so therefore, the beach should remain there. Hypothesis Land use changed as moved towards the sea front. Method We walked around the area and identified different types of land uses. Along the main road near Eastbourne Station, the variety of individual uses was recorded under different classes such as Residential, Industrial or Commercial. The different types of building were written as a number followed by a code letter, depending on what it was classified as. After this took place, a Questionnaire was made by asking a number of people walking in and around Eastbourne and recording their answers. This consisted things such
The nature and evolution of screes?
The nature and evolution of screes? This essay will take a holistic approach to the study of screes. It will aim to identify the key processes at work on scree slopes, the evolution of their form and how varying climatic conditions affect these variables. Before any detailed analysis of scree formation and its evolution can be discussed, a simple definition of a scree will be given. According to The new Penguin dictionary of geology, a scree can be described as, "A sloping accumulation of loose clasts of granule grade or larger, generally in the form of a wedge, metres to hundreds of metres in height, at the base of a steep rock face from which the clasts fall as a result of weathering and erosion." However it must be recognised that debris produced by these weathering and erosional processes are too coarse to be easily removed by streams, glaciers, or waves. Once a scree has been formed, the rock debris can be characterised by the spacing between the joints in the cliff material and the rock type, and hence the strength, and also the comminution that it experiences whilst being transported until it is deposited. It is argued that jointing within the cliff face is a key determining factor in the creation of a scree slope whether it be smooth rough or keyed types of joints. However Manhole(1972), in Gerrard (1990), argues that scree accumulation may increase with decreasing
An Investigation into Sediment Transport along a Beach and The Ways in Which Coastal Processes Such as Transport are Managed.
An Investigation into Sediment Transport along a Beach and The Ways in Which Coastal Processes Such as Transport are Managed. A student wanted to examine a shingle beach that was located between two headlands. She wanted to see if the pebbles at one end of the beach were any different to the pebbles at the other end. She thought she would look at the size and shape of the pebbles. She collected 50 pebbles at each end of the beach. Below is a plan of the beach. The pupil's results taken from sites 1 and 2 showed. Site 1 Pebble Size Site 2 Pebble Size 0-4cms 4 0-4cms 1 5-9cms 7 5-9cms 4 0-14cms 2 0-14cms 2 5-19cms 0 5-19cms 3 20-24cms 1 20-24cms 0 25-30cms 5 25-30cms 0 More than 30cms More than 30cms 0 Site 1 Pebble Shape Site 2 Pebble Shape Very Angular 4 Very Angular 2 Angular 30 Angular 4 Rounded 6 Rounded 26 Very Rounded 0 Very Rounded 8 Analyses 1: What is the Nature of Sediment Transport on this Beach? These graphs show the pebble sizes taken from sites 1 and 2. As you can see they are both different sets of results from one end of the beach to the other. Site 1 had a wide range of result from 1cm - over 30cms whereas site 2 has a lower range of results from 1cm - 19cms, this shows that site 2 (which is further up the beach) has smaller pebbles than site 1. These graphs show that the pebble shapes are very different
Coastal Erosion and Deposition Landforms Durdledoor, Dorset
Coastal Erosion and Deposition Landforms Erosion Landform : Durdledoor, Dorset: Durdle Door is an arch which has formed parallel to the shoreline. It has formed due to the erosion of Wealden Beds (weak easily eroded clays) and Greensand (a relatively weak limestone) being quickly eroded either side of a section of more-resistant rock, forming the headland of Durdle Door. The resistant rock is made up of two adjoining sections of Portland Stone (highly resistant limestone) and Purbeck Beds (combination of shales, clays and limstones, varying in resistance). However, due to wave refraction the headland of Durdle Door has been particularly attacked by coastal erosion. This originally resulted in small geo's and caves which have grown in size to large arches (see picture below), which then collapse leaving stacks and eventually stumps. This process of erosion on the more resistant rock is much slower than that of the less resistant rocks either side, resulting in the formation of a headland. The natural arch of Durdle Door is one of the physical features of the area which has retained a name given to it probably more than a 1000 years ago (Arkell, 1947), showing that the coast does not change very rapidly. The name " Durdle " is derived from an Old English word "thirl", meaning to pierce (as in "nostril"). A similar arched rock in south Devon is known as the Thurlestone.
Spurn Point- A cyclic coastal landform
Spurn Point- A cyclic coastal landform The photo shows Spurn Point from the south. The buildings in the foreground are a lifeboat station and Humber Pilots base. These are soon to be abandoned due to the likelyhood of the neck of the spit being breached. To the right deposition inside the curve of the spit (Old Den) can be seen. Just to the northwest of the lighthouse seen in the centre of the picture, but not visible in this photo are the old lighthouse keepers buildings, now derilict and partly overwhelmed by sand. These buildings were partly destroyed by winter storms a few years ago. The frequently relaid road to the tip is testament to the rapid movement of the spit neck. Spurn Point is a narrow sandy promentory aproximately five kilometers long. It is located on the south-eastern tip of the Holderness plain which forms the northern banks of the Humber estuary. It is easily reached from Hull by car, parking is availible for which a small fee is payable. The strategic position of the sand spit, guarding the entrance to a major waterway lead to its use as a position for shipping beacons and lighthouses. Historical accounts of settlements and lighthouses, particularly accounts of their destruction and the break up of the spit have enabled us to discover that over the last 1000 years there have been five 'Spurn points'. Each spit has grown until it has become unstable,
I am going to study Camber Sands and Fairlight to see if the hypothesis that I am investigating is true, the hypothesis is: "Coastal management is more effective at Fairlight than at Camber".
Contents Page Introduction 3 Data Collection & Recording 5 Data Presentation 9 Data Analysis 40 Conclusion & Evaluation 47 Bibliography 49 Introduction I am going to study Camber Sands and Fairlight to see if the hypothesis that I am investigating is true, the hypothesis is: "Coastal management is more effective at Fairlight than at Camber". I will use different types of equipment and many skills to present my findings in graphs, tables and various other means. The two sites that I am investigating are located in East Sussex, on the South East coast of England; I have included a sketch map below to show their locations. I have circled Cliff End, as this is the exact location where I collected my data. The beach at Camber (known as Camber Sands) has been a major tourist attraction for many years, but would not be so successful if it wasn't for the schemes that managers of this coastline have put in place. The dunes at Camber are held in place with the help of marram grass, which grows on top of the sand with long roots helping to keep the surface together. Also the blades of the marram grass catch the sand to stop it from blowing back down the beach towards the sea. Dunes form where large stretches of sand are exposed at low tide and is moved up the beach by the wind as well as the process of
Beach Cala Bassa
Beach Cala Bassa The beaches in Ibiza are great. I have to admit it. But none of them match the tranquillity and comfort of beach Cala Bassa. Beach Cala Bassa is in Ibiza about one mile south of the main area. It is known as the surfers paradise and the best beach in Ibiza. I relax as I watch the surfers gently glide over the tumbling ocean waves. Seeing the tall palm trees sway in the wind is calming to me as they are making gentle, peaceful sounds. The branches show no sign of a snap, crack or sputter as the location is too peaceful to encounter such occurrences. As I watch the rolling sand dunes the pier floats into my vision. The pier, as red as a ruby, stands out to me among the deep blue ocean. As I lay on the sand, I see kites rise above the clouds and soar gracefully in the wind, which is blowing gently through the trees and sand, slowly whispering as if it were calling my name. The fisherman cast their line off the pier hoping to feel a tug and reel in a big fish. The sounds of Beach Cala Bassa are that of harmony. One of the sounds I tune to first is the sound of the birds singing and chirping away as if they are creating a song. Seagulls mostly. Peacefully chirping as they soar overhead searching for food. After sitting for a few minutes, I'll hear the light breeze coming down through the trees, rustling their leaves. The howling wind whistles through the
Personal Descriptive Writing - The Long Coarse Grass
Personal Descriptive Writing. The long coarse grass jerked and danced by the cliff edge, and white foam from the churning sea below flew like scattered snow as the wind whisked it up and away. At the bottom of the steep, rocky drop lay a large sandy beach, the pale yellow grains intermingling with smooth grey pebbles. The gusts of wind whipped up the smooth sand into blinding clouds of grit, as the white foam swirled amongst it, mingling together like storm clouds. The sea, a surging, restless mass was a deep, dull grey-green, stretching out towards the horizon, flecked with frothy white surf, which bobbed and boiled on the surface of this huge cauldron. Huge breakers hurled themselves at the beach, racing over the sea then crashing onto the sand with a noise like thunder. Low in the sky hovered dark, ominous storm clouds, lurking over the world as though amused at its futility. An albatross wheeled above, a tiny grain buffeted and blown by the rising gale. Along the coastline stretched a cliff, its dark face harsh against the sea and sky, while the waves and spray were continually dashed against the jagged rocks beneath. A few sheep huddled together amongst the thin grass, a puny show of resistance against the storm. On this coastline stood a house, a lone white bungalow. It was small, square, and somehow defiant, as thought determined to resist nature's fury. The grass
Coasts Revision Notes - AQA Geography
Coasts Revision Notes – AQA Geography . Spring and Neap Tides Spring vs. Neap Tides Spring tides occur when the Earth, Sun and the Moon are all about in the same line. This causes the highest tidal range due to the strongest gravitational pulls with the high tides being the largest and the low tides being the smallest. Neap tides occur when the Earth, Sun and Moon are at 90 degrees which causes the gravitational pull to be less effective. This produces the lowest tidal range of tides. 1. Coastal Transport Long shore drift transports material along the coast. In the UK, the prevailing wind blows from the South West causing the waves to approach the southern coast at an angle of 45 degrees. Therefore material moves from the west to the east. The swash of the wave carries the material up to the beach at this angle. The bed load is moved along by rolling by traction however pebbles are lifted and bounced along the floor in a leap frog action – this is saltation. Lighter material is carried by suspension (such as grains of sand) and weak acids (e.g. carbonic acid from precipitation) may act on soluble rocks (carbonate rocks e.g. limestone) and move the material in solution. The backwash carries the material at 90 degrees- causing a zig-zag motion. Groynes may be in place to reduce this – however they can be expensive (around £5,000 per groyne and are unasthecially
