Russia in Revolution, 1905-1917
Russia in Revolution, 1905-1917 a) Source 2 reveals that the attitudes of the workers and soldiers in the soviets towards the provisional government in April 1917 were positive and they were willing to work with them. However they were monitoring the provisional government to make sure that they did as the soviet wanted. "The all Russian conference of the soviets of workers and soldiers deputies recognizes that this program includes the basic political demands of Russian democracy" the statement later says " and that so far the provisional government has, on the whole and in general, been fulfilling the obligations which it assumed." b) In April 1917 Lenin returned to Russia, after 1896, when he was arrested and sentenced to three years internal exile in Siberia. On his release in 1900 Lenin decided to leave Russia, and moved to Geneva in Switzerland. When Lenin returned to Russia on 3rd April, 1917, he announced what became known as the April Theses. Lenin attacked Bolsheviks for supporting the Provisional Government. Instead, he argued, revolutionaries should be telling the people of Russia that they should take control of the country. In his speech, Lenin urged the peasants to take the land from the rich landlords and the industrial workers to seize the factories. The reason why Lenin decided to return to Russia was because whilst the tsar was away on the eastern front,
Was a 2nd revolution necessary in Russia in 1917?
Victor Kwan European History P.3 Dr. Salomon 3 February 2003 Was a 2nd revolution necessary in Russia in 1917? In 1914, Russia celebrated its three hundred year of Romanov rule. Tsar Nicolas II was in control of Russia even though Russia was an economically backward and peasant country. The army and the Duma were supporting the Tsar, but the intelligentsia was restless and displeased with the way the government was run. In the same year, Germany declared war against Russia, which consolidated even more support for the Tsar. Anti-government protest and strikes were abandoned as the people were swept in a rush of patriotism. In 1914, thirteen million were conscripted into the army. This patriotic feeling did not last long as the Russian armies plagued by inefficient management suffered major problems over lack of supplies and ammunitions. In 1915, the Russian army was on the verge of collapse; Tsar Nicolas II assumed personal command of the army leaving the Tsarina in command of the home front. The majority of the Russian disliked the tsarina because she was German and she was closely involved with the mysterious Rasputin. She and her supporters in court were known as the Pro-German faction; the Tsarina did not rule directly she took advise from Rasputin which made her even more unpopular with the people. The home front was in total chaos as there was a total
Communist Russia
Urvi Mittal History Homework- Communist Russia . Write a brief note on the membership of the Provisional Government. Ans: The Provisional Government was formed on 2nd March after the February revolution in 1917. This government largely consisted of the leading figures of the liberal parties with the Kadets being in majority. Domination by the Kadets and their head too- Milyukov who later became Foreign Minister was prevalent in the Provisional Government. The later Minister of Justice, Alexander Kevetsky was also a part of the government and emerged to be a key player in the events that unfolded in 1917. The head of this Provisional government was Prince G.E. Lvov. The role of the Provisional Government was to run the country until a Constituent Assembly was elected. This government was not elected by the people but by a special committee of the Duma. 2. What were the main policies of the key players in March 1917? Ans: The key issues in March 1917 were war, land, social reform, national minorities and economy. The key players were the Liberals and the Socialists. The Kadets were committed to continuing the war on the side of Britain and France. They wanted post war help from the West for their democracy and to remain an important power internationally. The problem of land redistribution was to be sorted out by the elected Constituent Assembly. They also wanted
Why was the 1917 Revolution of Russia successful?
Why was the 1917 revolution so successful? On 15th March 1917 Tsar Nicholas II of Russia officially abdicated from his position of Power. The Tsar had survived a revolution in 1905 but yet just 12 years later this autocrat had lost his authority. This essay will explain why the 1917 Revolution was so successful at removing the Tsar from power. It will also explain most reasons why Russia hated the Tsar. Even before the attempted 1905 revolution, there had been trouble brewing in Russia. For example the peasants were suffering starvation and illness because of the poor living conditions and Dismal income. Also, the working classes in the major cities had horrific living and working conditions such as overcrowded accommodation and low wages. Furthermore, the middle classes had demanded that they be granted free speech and the right to form political parties to attain a better representation. However, there had been some improvements made by the Tsar. For example the Tsar did create a Duma which was an elected parliament in 1905 as he knew this would please the middle class who had requested it. Unfortunately, the Duma did not really change the way Russia was ruled as the Tsar had placed too many limitations and rules on the way that they operated. The Tsar had also fixed it so that none of his opposition's parties could run for parliament, so that only his supporters could
Why did Imperial Russia succumb to Revolution in 1917?
Why did Imperial Russia succumb to Revolution in 1917? Darshan Sanghrajka Matriculation number: 010000962 24th October 2002. Imperial Russia had thus far survived the evolving forces of political change but in this very observation is the implicit and incorrect perception of uncontested autocratic strength; Indeed Imperial Russia was actually"... a powder keg waiting to explode"1, and the essay will illustrate this by initially explaining the immediate catalysing military, political and economical effects caused by the war and then addressing some underlying issues which pre-date the War, back to the grievances of the Emancipation of Serfs in 1861. The argument is that there was a striking contradiction in the way the country was run; The Tsarist Empire was on one hand, implementing rapid industrialisation whilst simultaneously, attempting to sustain total autocracy. Problematically, both in absolute terms are mutually exclusive. However, had the Tsar compromised by conceding some of his power, the political, economic and social issues fuelled by the pressures of an elongated war, would not have led to the Revolution in 1917. Such contradictions shall be discussed further in this essay. War was militarily disastrous for Russia, with its inferior industry making her inadequately prepared for war. Defeats occurred even in early 1914, exemplified by Tannenberg. The
Who was more important in bringing about the Communist Dictatorship in Russia, 1917-1939, Lenin, Trotsky or Stalin?
Who was more important in bringing about the Communist Dictatorship in Russia, 1917-1939, Lenin, Trotsky or Stalin? From my point of view all of them were important in bringing the Communist Dictatorship in Russia from 1917 - 1939. All three of them wouldn't be able to make progresses, surviving and being famous without each other. The basement or a trigger to communism in Russia was Lenin as he was the organizer. He has been studying Marxism and Socialism for many years and in the result he has brought the October Revolution in 1917 to Russia. In addition Lenin has written many books in order to spread the idea of communism. As he was the organizer of this revolution and the person who led the Bolshevik take over of Russia in 1917 he became the first leader of Russia in communist regime. Later on he introduced 'Cheka' and other forms of oppression to maintain his control. Then introducing War Communism, he ensured everyone worked for a Bolshevik victory in a Civil War. After the victory of communism in the Russian Revolution (1917), a Third, or Communist, International was created (1919). Under the leadership of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, this Communist International, or Comintern, hoped to foster world revolution in order to promote Communism around the world and to get more allies. Lenin was thinking wisely as he has introduced NEP in order to improve production and life in
why did revolution in russia break out in 1917
Why did revolution break out in Russia in 1917? The revolution in 1917 was impending due to the unjust and oppressive living condition of the masses for a long period. The humiliating defeat of Russo-Japanese war in 1905 had led to a revolutionary that the Tsar was forced to make compromises to his autocracy. The outbreak of the Second World War was also the drawing line for the outbreak of the revolution. The awful living conditions and poor economy caused the Tsar to lose support from the peasants which led to numerous growth of opposition to the Tsarism. Prior to the revolution in 1917, there was a premature revolt in 1905. Numerous reasons that contributed to the uprising in 1905 were severe repression as it was still a criminal offence to oppose the Tsar at the time, very high taxation but no increase in wages due to Russo-Japanese war, and peasants anger over mortgage repayments. The living conditions in Russia was horrid; prisons were overflowing with innocent convicts, soldiers were running lose in the city streets ready to shoot anyone, there was overwhelming denial of freedom of religious and political expression. urthermore, Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese war caused the masses to revolt. Russia found herself in a territorial dispute with Japan and provoked a military response which Japan obliged. Russia underestimated the enemy and suffered a humiliating
Russia Revolution
The Russia Revolution was a true political revolution. By this I mean there was a fundamental change in the way leaders came into power and in the goals for the country. In theory, leadership changed from a monarchy to socialism. The goals for the country changed from ownership and control of wealth was by few to control by the proletariat (the workers). In reality the change of leadership and the control of wealth and production was controlled by the Communist Party. The Russia Revolution really started with theory of communism created by Karl Marx and published in Capital. In this publication Marx stated that the value of all production is in the value of the labor not the value of ownership. By this he meant that private ownership was wrong and that everything should be owned by the workers or proletariat. This inspired revolutionary leaders in Russia especially Lenin. However, Karl Marx had predicted that the communist revolution would start in a heavily industrialized country like Germany or England. The surprise was that it started in the least, Russia. Russia was the least industrialized and the most backward of the major European countries. For instance, it had 4 times the population of England but only 25% of its electrical consumption. Russia also lacked capital for investment and building and had to rely on foreign investment. This meant that Russia had a very
Why did another revolution take place in Russia after the 1917 February Revolution?
Why did another revolution take place in Russia after the 1917 February Revolution? Introduction The February Revolution of 1917 ended the Romanov Dynasty and led to the establishment of Provisional Government in Russia. However , the Provisional government was overthrown by the Bolsheviks only seven months later. The causes of the October Revolution were twofold. On the on hand, the goals of the majority of the Russians had not materialized after the February Revolution. The Provisional government had only pleased the middle class through its political reforms. It had committed two serous mistakes, however, by refusing to withdraw from the First World War and postponing the introduction of economic reforms which alienated the many of the soldiers, the workers and the peasants . The other cause of the revolution was that the Bolsheviks had their own strength, they were able to understand the feelings of the people, and they manipulated this feeling to their own favor. Causes of the 1917 revolution The downfall of the Romanov Dynasty was the outcome of the following factors. First, there was already discontent about Czar's political repression leading to a demand for constitutional reform among the liberals. More importantly, however, was the economic discontent among the workers and peasants. They had no interest in politics but they could not tolerate their poor
To what extent was Marx's Theory of Revolution Applicable to pre-1917 conditions in Tsarist Russia?
Politics in Russia (POLS2069) First Essay To what extent was Marx's Theory of Revolution Applicable to pre-1917 conditions in Tsarist Russia? In 1917, a Marx-inspired revolution transformed the social and political climate of Russia forever. The world's first communist state was created and a once seemingly under-developed nation grew to become the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), one of last century's ultimate superpowers. However, neither Marx himself nor his followers truly predicted this uprising in a society like Russia's in 1917. Indeed, many "Marxists" regard the Russian revolution of 1917 as an ill-timed historical mishap, whereby the first communist insurrection occurred in a country wholly unprepared and unsuited for such an experience, in autocratic, "backward" Russia.1 The reasoning behind such opinions lies in the understanding of major aspects of Marx's theory of revolution which clearly outline certain conditions of society that must be developed prior to such a revolution; conditions that Russian society in 1917 simply did not possess. Having said this, Marx did indeed consider the possibility of such revolution in Russia and has been reported to present cautious optimism about the possibility of such an occurrence. Russian society in the early 1900s has been described in modern times as "backward". To a certain extent, I am inclined to agree with
