In liberal-democratic political systems, which type of executive offers greater scope for democratic accountability: a presidential executive or a prime-ministerial/parliamentary type?
In liberal-democratic political systems, which type of executive offers greater scope for democratic accountability: a presidential executive or a prime-ministerial/parliamentary type? Over the course of this essay firstly I intend to describe the relationship between the electorate and the executive in each political system, then to bring the aspect of accountability into the argument. It is necessary to define exactly what is meant by democratic accountability. Democratic accountability is visible in the modern era in three ways. Firstly it can be seen by the extent to which newly elected executives implement the policies laid out in their election manifesto. Secondly it can be measured in the ability of the electorate to remove an executive from office if these promises are not being kept. Finally it is exhibited in the accountability of the executive in a legal context by way of a judiciary or an independent organisation set up to review specific events. When analysing the scope for accountability within the presidential system the main area of interest is the relationship between the President and the legislature. Primarily I intend to focus on the American presidential system although useful examples can be drawn from other democratic systems. A President is given more individual powers by the state than a Prime Minister. When the population directly elects the
Unwritten Record of Immoderate Greatness
The Unwritten Record of Immoderate Greatness: Inca Civilization Timothy Hyeung Gyu Kim Mr. Christopher Hall History 10 IBDP Nov. 3rd, 2008 "The world is a complex and subtle place. There are millions of connections between every part."1 The history of the world is indeed one of the most complex areas in which thousands of historians try to uncover the mysteries of the past. Out of all the interconnected kingdoms, empires and civilizations that have built the modern society, if even one hadn't existed, our current world could be at a completely different stage of development. This is the case for most parts of our history such as the Romans, Egyptians and Mesopotamians but most of all, the Inca Civilization and its developed society are one of the most vexed anthropological wonders of the entire history.2 It is mainly because the empire had overcome myriads of complex problems and had become one of the most amazing societies the world has ever seen. Inca Civilization was the civilization that had never developed any form of writing but managed to keep its dominance over an enormous area,3 the civilization that had accomplished skull surgeries and other amazing scientific advancements way before modern science was developed,4 and the civilization that was capable of developing irrigation and permaculture on their own at an extreme altitude of approximately 4000m above sea
An analysis of American History 1865-1920
Wise 1 Angela Wise Mr. Silverberg College American History per 7/8 6 April 2010 With a single shot of John Wilkes Booth's pistol, one of the greatest Presidents that had ever served America was dead. With the Civil War barely over and with the country in a complete state of moral and political chaos, Abraham Lincoln's death could not have come at a worse time. The great leader, the brave revolutionary, the progressive politician, Abraham Lincoln was the man who held an ever-changing America together. The only candidate to lead America forward and leave the brutalities of the Civil War and of course slavery behind was now dead. As it was, Lincoln's death at Ford's Theatre could not have come at a worse time for the nation, the death of a national hero, when the people needed him most. His assassination marked the beginning of political chaos within America, and had unfortunately condemned the south to decades of isolation and the races to a long difficult struggle. With one single bullet, the soul was immediately ripped out of American politics and all the work of one great man nearly undone. Never before was a strong leader more needed to capitalize on this great opportunity for the country, than after Lincoln's murder. A man to carry the mantle for this new "free" America, a great leader to unite the people once again, a man to make America great. Unfortunately,
English/English Literature Coursework Joint Folder
English/English Literature Coursework Joint Folder Wide Reading Assignment: 9th Century Prose: "Hard Times" (Charles Dickens) 20th Century Prose: "Nice work" (David Lodge) Compare and Contrast Dickens's picture of Coketown with Lodge's introduction to the industrial environment in his novel. ----"Fact, fact, fact, everywhere in the material aspect of the town; fact, fact, fact everywhere in the immaterial." - Charles Dickens In the early 1851, London staged the Great Exhibition to show the world, the achievements and inventions of the Industrial Revolution. Many people believed that this showed how much better, safer and healthier Britain was than its neighbours in Europe. People living in mansions amid lawns and fountains, with horse drawn carriages certainly felt that life couldn't be better. However behind the publicity and the royal occasions there was another England, not so glorious. Benjamin Disraeli wrote that Britain was really "two nations", Dickens wanted to show his readers what was behind the glittering façade of Victorian industry. He wanted to show his readers the factual monotony behind the sulky blotch towns of industrial Britain. As the essay title suggests, both Lodge and Dickens have portrayed their format of an industrial landscape. Both authors' coddle in a crestfallen environment of the industrial world: one at the height of a revolution, the
Consumer behavioural patterns.
A.) Doyle's definition suggests that for firms to be successful in an ever-changing business environment, they must adopt a philosophy where the customer's needs are central to marketing activities. The first section of this paper will examine the extent to which the team (Macrohard) adopted a marketing concept philosophy and the overall process of marketing management as suggested by Doyle (1994). One of the key features of the game is the firm's ability to gain a long-term perspective of potential areas of planning and the implementation of strategy. Any decisions that the company make in the early stages may affect the teams overall performance during every period of the game. Doyle (1994) indicates in the first part of his statement that the organisation must identify target markets. The team decided to target the high-tech managers, harried assistants and commercial artists for a number of reasons: Firstly, due to the fact that they represented a large segment of the overall market (65%) and secondly, the fact that this particular segment offered increased chances of profitability because the marketing mix could be designed to specifically meet the needs of the target audience. During this particular stage of the game, the team had to focus upon identifying a target audience, thus adhering to what Kotler et al. (2001) describe as a marketing concept orientation. However,
Harrison Keyes Plan and Defense
Running head: IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND DEFENSE AND PROBLEM DEFINITION -GAP ANALYSIS: HARRISON-KEYES. Implementation Plan and Defense and Problem Definition-Gap Analysis: Harrison Keyes Fernando Maggie, Maritza Matos, and Julio Otano University Of Phoenix Strategic Implementation and Alignment MBA-590 Jeffery Jones July 16, 2008 Introduction Harrison-Keyes (HK), Inc. is a global publisher established in 1899 and since has been a leader in publishing business, scientific and technical information making its first profit by publishing the works of known literary authors. Harrison-Keyes was able to endure the challenges of the industry for over a century. However, in recent years the company faces a problem whose resolution can prove to be either disastrous or benefitial to the depending of the actions taken. Competition from low cost retailers willing to cut margins has compromised the industry and many publishing giants are struggling to maintain the profitability they once enjoyed. One of the new technologies, which arised in the pulishing industry, is the publication of e-books. According to the former Open e-Book Forum (2003) now called International Digital Publishing Forum(IDPF, 2008), statistics shows that sales and revenues have increased comparing the 3rd quarter in 2003 with $2,310,291 to the 2nd quarter (April) 2008 with $3,400,000 (Industry statistics,
'Parties are in decline and pressure groups now have little impact on policy'. Comment.
'Parties are in decline and pressure groups now have little impact on policy'. Comment. "I concluded that since 1964 or thereabouts this party system, which I along with countless others had been accustomed to applaud, had become positively dysfunctional to the British system of government" (Finer in Dearlove & Saunders, 1991:49). To call the party system dysfunctional may seem a little extreme, as it has acted as the basis for the British system of government for centuries, albeit not in its current form, but just because it has existed for such a long time does not make it exempt from criticism or change. The purpose of this discussion will be to evaluate whether political parties in Britain are actually in decline and whether pressure groups are declining with them. There are two major areas of study in this discussion and they will first be examined separately, then examined together to see if there is a correlation between any phenomena which may become apparent. Firstly, to determine whether parties are in decline, evidence on the subject must be examined, beginning with the amount and proportion of votes cast for the two main parties. Ivor Crewe in Budge and McKay (1993) groups the post-war political landscape into two main periods, 1945 to 1970 and 1970 onwards and suggests that the first period is much more characterised by two party dominance than is the second.
Authentic African Music
Authentic African music The traditional music of the black peoples of Africa - is little known abroad. The non-African listener can find the music strange, difficult, and unattractive; and therefore often concludes that it is not of interest. Both African and non-African music are human inventions and individual notes contain the same elements such as pitch, duration, tone colour and intensity. Music plays a similar role in most societies, as work songs, lullabies, battle songs, religious music, and so on. Generally speaking the same categories of instruments are found in Africa as in Europe, namely stringed instruments, wind instruments, and percussion. The African concept of music is totally different to the Western one though. Traditional African musicians do not seek to combine sounds in a manner pleasing to the ear. Their aim is simply to express life in all of its aspects through the medium of sound. The African musician does not merely attempt to imitate nature by music, but reverses the procedure by taking natural sounds, including spoken language, and incorporate them into the music. To the uninitiated this may result in cacophony, but in fact each sound has a particular meaning. To be meaningful, African music must be studied within the context of African life. Music has an important role in African society. Music is an integral part of the life of every African
I definitely do not think that you should get rid of 'An Inspector Calls' as a G.C.S.E book
Dear Miss Garcia I definitely do not think that you should get rid of 'An Inspector Calls' as a G.C.S.E book the future pupils at West Hatch will read, as it is an outstanding book and I'm sure many peopole who have read it would agree with me. I have thoroughly enjoyed reading it and I think it would be a great shame if others missed out on the opportunity of reading it. I hope you take this letter seriously and I will sway your thoughts so 'An Inspector Calls' stays in the curriculum. As I give you an excellent coursework piece about the book I hope you realise how good the book really is. I will tell you personally what lessons are to be made from the book and why 'An Inspector Calls' is a brilliant book. So read carefully please. John Boynton Priestley was a socialist. He believed that whether we acknowledged it or not, we are in a community and have a responsibility to look after others. He wrote "An Inspector Calls" to highlight these beliefs and share them. In writing this essay, I intend to show Priestley's aims in writing the play, how he showed these aims and how successful he was in conveying his ideas. You can only speculate on the aims of a playwright in writing a play. In the case of "An Inspector Calls", a valid speculation would be that the author aimed to educate the audience through the characters' realisation of their role in Eva Smith's demise and thus
Why did Mussolini come to Power in 1922? How did Mussolini consolidate his position by 1926?
History L6 HL Written by: Igor Knezevic Why did Mussolini come to Power in 1922? How did Mussolini consolidate his position by 1926? After the unification of Italy in 1870 the country was run by a series of liberal governments. The period between 1870 and 1922 was an era that faced major problems- poverty, unemployment, a lack of national identity and perhaps most significantly of all, the First World War. The Liberal government were extremely ineffective in solving these problems, which caused unrest within the population. There was also a severe lack of unity within the government and a lot of internal political conflict. However, the Liberal government were not only ineffective, they were unpopular. For example, the government attempted to solve the problem of the lack of natural resources and military strength by forming a triple alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary, who were traditionally Italy's greatest enemy, and the people resented this. This gave rise to unrest among the people, leading to the development of socialism, despite attempts to ban it. All the above points served only to aid Mussolini in his rise to power and the government's weaknesses provided a platform on which his popularity could grow and as editor of a socialist newspaper he was able to influence people's opinions a great deal. The single most
