President Hoover and the Great Depression
President Hoover and the Great Depression I. Was Hoover inconsistent? A cursory examination of the Great Depression will inform us immediately the President Hoover's policies during the Depression did appear to be inconsistent. This often resulted in confused or startled interpretations of the government's designs by leading businessmen of the period, and it is indisputable that the effects of Hoover's presidency, certainly were not to cure America of its financial distress. However, sympathy is needed to understand Hoover's motivations. Although Hoover's government may have demonstrated unaccountable and inconsistent tendencies, Hoover himself would certainly have been consistent in his ideas. His main difficulty in employing these ideas, would have encompassed the political scene; he could not have contrived considerable alterations of government policy, without being acused of radical interventionism, which would have engendered the repugnance of the both the Republican party to which he belonged, and Republican voters. Indeed, Hoover had a distinct notion of what he intended to undertake - but he was all the while confronted by forces that hindered his undertaking them. IIa. Hoover's ideas It will be of good utility to illustrate Hoover's ideas in bullet-point format, which will enable them to be more easily digested and remembered. . Hoover was a humanitarian.
The great depression.
The Great Depression was arguably the worst economic period this country has faced in its history. People who were well off financially on Monday October 28, 1929 were now broke after Tuesday October 29, 1929, the day the stock market lost $15 billion, and subsequently crashed, setting off the worst 10 year economic period in United States history. People struggled to find food, a place to live, as well as jobs (Watkins, T.H. The Great Depression. Boston: Little Brown and Co, 1993. page 40). With the Depression going on, people needed an outlet. A lot of people wanted to rid themselves of the problems facing their families and the country as a whole, even if it was for a short time. Therefore, some used the entertainment industry as an outlet. Movies, plays and sports were outlets for people facing hard times. Even though some things closed or stopped during the depression, the entertainment industry prevailed (Beaver, Frank. The 1930's. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2000. page 280). Sports were still the biggest outlet for people. People liked sports for the same reasons they do today, the entertainment value, the competition, and the chance to root on individual players or teams. In baseball and football, a new type of athlete emerged, tough, feisty, and aggressive. Sports provided the basis for the ongoing American myth of individual success and competition during a
The Great Depression, causes and effects.
“The Great Depression (1929-39) was the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world” (The Great Depression-History.com 2012). The great depression is said to have begun after the First World War, It was a time of hardship and uncertainty. Although the great depression began in the United States it spread throughout the globe and affected almost every country. It brought about drastic declines in output, severe unemployment, and serious deflation. Many countries such as Britain, Germany and France came out of the war with large debts to pay, this was due to the fact that they had been borrowing from The United States of America, after its entrance into financial crisis the rest of the countries depending on its financing would inevitably enter down turn and face similar crisis. World War 1 also left many industrialized countries weak and in large debts, they needed to finance the rebuilding of their economies and industries that were damaged during the war, this made it harder for them to recover. There are a number of explanations to as what brought about the great depression in 1929. These are structural and monetary weaknesses as well as a number of specific events that enhanced the effects from one country to another and eventually to all major industrialized countries. What Caused the great depression? The
American Depression
Vivien Kwong Year 4 THE AMERICAN TIMES Depiction of the 1930s Depression To get a real picture of the 1930s Depression, we must look at the life of the farmers, the effect of the drought, and the receptiveness of other people in states in offering help. Farmers’ lives were harsh in those days. The demand and the production of crops did not make a balance. It was essential for the government to solve the overproduction. However, that has not been done. A source from Oscar Ameringer gave an evidence of the livehood in Chicago. A man told him that he killed 3,000 sheep this fall. It is because the transfer of a sheep cost $1.10, but he would get less than a dollar for it. So, he decided to cut their throats and threw them down the canyon. It was a tragedy that he could not afford to rear the sheep and he would not let the sheep starve which showed the relations between him and his sheep at that time. The cause of the over production was due to the effects of the Depression. Americans suffered from the poverty which finally led to the under-consumption. This showed that poverty can cause under-consumption and at the end over-production. This had also led to foods being wasted but people being left hunger – a dilemma. In 1936 the natural disaster called “Dust Bowl” had aggregated the mishap of the people. The Dust Bowl was caused by overuse of agricultural lands. The
Depression and life.
Depression and life I am woken up by a loud bleeping noise. It's the truck picking up the rubbish left outside the kebab shop. I get up and stretch as my legs ache from being curled up al night, trying to keep out the cold. A cat brushes himself against my leg and sends a shiver up my spine like the one I got when Jason was screaming at me for not telling him I was going to be late from work. It's a Sunday morning and I walk down the deserted street looking for somewhere to have a cup of coffee, I only have eighty pence on me which isn't enough for a bacon sandwich so I'll have to settle for a coffee. The church bells ring and the town women, all dressed in black and navy blue, stand around the priest like bees round their hives and congratulate him on the wonderful sermon and invite him round to their houses foe tea and biscuits. I walk into a shelter for a bite to eat, this place is warm and has a cozy feeling even if I don't know anyone here. I stand in the queue and wait to pick up some tomato soup, coffee and a piece of bread. Further on along the queue there are two men arguing over the last cranberry pie. That takes me back to the rainy, humid , terrifying night that I ran away. My face starts to sting as I remember Jason Slapping and shaking me. The hot coffee spills over my hand making me jump back to reality, the volunteer apologizes repeatedly for burning my
Compare and contrast two explanations of depression.
Compare and contrast two explanations of depression. There are two types of depression, Bipolar and Unipolar both of which effect mood of the patient. Unipolar depression is where the person feels 'low' the majority of the time and have the following clinical characteristics: The emotional symptoms of unipolar depression are that the person feels intense feelings of guilt and a lack of enjoyment in activities that the individual previously enjoyed. Motivational symptoms can include difficulty in conducting actions as well as a lack of decision making. There are also cognitive and somatic symptoms which include negative thoughts and feelings of hopelessness (cognitive) as well as loss of energy, disturbance in weight and sleep (somatic). The clinical characteristics of Bipolar depression are also divided into four categories: Emotional, Cognitive. Somatic and motivational. Emotional characteristics are that if being euphorically happy then drastically changing into feeling of extreme sadness. The individual is also very irritable.Cognitive symptoms include an inflated self-esteem, racing thoughts and ideas as well as lack of attention however this may drastically change into feelings of hopelessness and dysfunctional thought. Somatic symptoms include decreased need of sleep as well as being fidgety and more talkative with rushed speech. Finally Motivational symptoms include
Compare and contrast two theories of depression.
Compare and contrast two theories of depression The biological and the cognitive explanations of depression both have strong support and offer plausible explanations for the onset and graduation of the disorder. The biological approach consists of two main explanations based on neurotransmitters and the other on hormones. These theories are supported by the family, twin and adoption studies that have been carried out. The cognitive explanation of depression originated with Seligman, he developed the theory of learned helplessness and attributions. The other cognitive explanation came from Beck who stated that depression was the result of how the individual perceives themselves, the world and their future. The biological approach looked more at the influence of genes and hormones etc on the onset and continuation of the disorder. The family studies indicated that the closer the relative the higher the chance that they to will have a similar diagnosis, the phrase first-degree relatives was coined, them being sisters, brothers and parents. The twin studies further strengthened the idea that biology was the origin of depression, showing that MZ twins are more likely than DZ twins to both receive a diagnosis of depression. However it was 100% so it is also indicates environmental influences that can be seen as causing the onset of depression and it also fails to explain why the
Great Depression
Amit Mehta Final Essay Question # 1 The global crisis of the 1930's world depression elicited a multitude of economic and political responses. In their attempts to confront the situation, both the Unites States and Germany utilized generally varying policies. As two different political systems with contrasting historical backgrounds, the economic and social values both countries attested to varied greatly. As a democracy, the United States approached the Depression with great caution and unwillingness to sacrifice the constitutional foundations in search of a solution. However, the German's, who had only recently suffered under the leadership of the newly formed Weimar Republic, chose a far more totalitarian approach to the crisis. Nevertheless, both nations also demonstrated a great many similarities in their approach to the crisis, particularly in their initial support of monopolies and their strikingly similar agricultural plan. Under the National Socialist Party, a new economic order referred to as the "third way," was introduced to the German nation. Declaring it to be distinct from both socialism and capitalism, the institutional structure was to be based upon the goals of ending unemployment, stopping the hyper-inflationary trend, and rearming Germany. There was also a denunciation of liberal capitalism, favoring instead a system of state controlled capitalism.
Great Depression and effect on Britain
What were the effects of the Wall Street Crash on Great Britain? This all began with the Wall Street Crash in the United States, it quickly turned into a worldwide economic collapse. Largely due to the fact that United States had emerged from the First World War as the major creditor and financier of post war Europe, while other national countries had been weakened by the war, because of the Wall Street Crash the United States called up in their loans to other countries and put up custom barriers to stop import of foreign goods. As historian John Child said 'the Wall Street crash was the final nail in the economic coffin for Britain.' The collapse led to a crisis in the liberal economic system, with nations creating barriers to protect their home markets from foreign goods, which cuts world trading. The heavy industry was hit the worst. They were the industries that created the foundations of Britain's economy. They were steel & iron, cotton, coal mining and shipbuilding. Production of steel dropped from 9.2 million tons in 1929 to 5.2 million in 1931. In 1933, 30% of Glaswegians were umployed due to the severe decline in heavy industry. They were badly affected because other countries could not afford to buy Britain's goods as they were expensive and could be bought cheaper from countries such as Japan and Germany. Also, many Britain's industries relied on each other to
Teenagers in Depression.
Teenagers in Depression Depression is a common problem that affects men, women, young and old alike, but it is young adults suffering from depression who are not taken seriously by the rest of society. "What could teenagers possibly be depressed about?" This is a common statement from adults who do not understand the workings of the young mind, but teenage depression is a serious problem and can, in some cases lead to very tragic consequences. There is a dramatic increase in the number of children aged 5 to 14 who attempt suicide, according to Shamoo & Patros (1997) Despite the increased suicide rate, depression in this age group is greatly under diagnosed and leads to serious difficulties in school, work and personal adjustment, which may often continue into adulthood. According to Nutt, Bell, Materson & Short (2001), the reason why depression is often over-looked in children and adolescents is because children are not always able to express how they feel. For many teenagers, symptoms of depression are directly related to low self -esteem stemming from increased emphasis on peer popularity. For other teenagers, depression arises from poor family relations, which could include decreased family support and perceived rejection by parents, (Lasko 1996). "When parents are struggling over marital or career problems, or are ill themselves, teens may feel the tension and try to
