The effect of temperature on enzyme activity.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON ENZYME ACTIVITY AIM * The main aim of this experiment is to see if temperature has any effect on the enzyme activity. HYPOTHEISIS The hypothesis I am going to use is: - * Hydrogen peroxide will form oxygen gas and water when it is broken down. * More gas will be produced as the temperature increases. This is because the particles will gain more kinetic energy hence will be moving faster, leading to a successful collision. * I can predict that if the temperature is above the normal body temperature (370C), the amount of gas being produce will eventually decrease and the enzyme will denature as enzymes are known to work best at body temperatures. APPARATUS * Water bath * Crushed ice * Thermometer * Screw clip * Stop clock * Beaker * Delivery tube with bungs to fit the test tubes/boiling tubes * Hydrogen peroxide * Soaked peas * 10cm3 syringe barrel * Test tubes or boiling tubes * 10ml Measuring cylinders * Distilled water VARIABLES In this experiment the DEPENDENT VARIABLE is going to be the temperature while the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE is going to be the amount of oxygen gas collected. I will use 4 crushed peas of the same/similar size for all the investigation. I will also make sure that I use 4cm3 of hydrogen peroxide and 2cm3 of distilled water to make it a fair test. SAFETY PRECAUSIONS * To wear safety goggles to protect
Jodie and Mary were conjoined twins. On appeal, the Court of Appeal was asked to determine whetherit would be lawful for surgeons to operate on the pair to separate them.
Jodie and Mary were conjoined twins. On appeal, the Court of Appeal was asked to determine whether it would be lawful for surgeons to operate on the pair to separate them. The implications of separation were that M would certainly die within minutes and that J would most probably live. On the other hand, if the twins were not separated ultimately both would die within a matter of months. M's own heart and lungs were inadequate to sustain M's life. While joined to J, M survived only by relying on J's heart to pump the blood oxygenated by J through both twins' bodies. Sustaining both lives was imposing an excessive strain on J's heart. It was common ground that J's heart would fail within approximately 3-6 months. M's death would inevitably follow J's. On these facts, the Court of Appeal held that it would be lawful (though not required) for surgeons to carry out the operation. To the extent that any general proposition can be extracted from the decision, its gist seems to be that a defence of necessity can extend to lethal acts undertaken in order to negate a threat to life even where that threat is an innocent one. Hence, on the best view of the law after Re A, the story told of the petrified passenger during the sinking of the Herald of Free Enterprise, who had to be pushed off a ladder (and who apparently then drowned) in order that others may survive, may
Analysing 'Observe the sons of Ulster marching towards the Somme' and 'How many miles to Babylon?'
Analysing 'Observe the sons of Ulster marching towards the Somme' and 'How many miles to Babylon?' 'For God and Ulster'. This is what the eight men in 'Observe the sons of Ulster marching towards the Somme', a play by Frank McGuinness want to fight for when they enlist to join the Great War. Jennifer Johnston is the author of the novel 'How many miles to Babylon?' It tells the story of the unlikely friendship of an Anglo Irish upper class boy and a catholic peasant and the episodes of war. Although both pieces of First World War literature are similar in some ways, they differ in others. Both pieces are set in the genre of social realism. They depict real images and experiences of War. Both the play and the novel use a framing technique. They begin in the 'present day', retreat to the past and conclude in the 'present day'. In 'How many miles to Babylon?' the main protagonist and narrator of the novel Alexander Moore tells the reader 'I have no future except what you can count on hours...' In saying this he gives the reader the clue that he has little time to live. Throughout the novel Alex speaks directly to the reader. As Alex is speaking directly to the reader, it makes the novel more personal. One could interpret the novel as being similar to a journal of diary, due to the close relationship between narrator and reader. This differs from '...Sons of
Consider the following applications of ICT as used at a checkout in a large modern supermarket of the 90's.
Applications & Effects Consider the following applications of ICT as used at a checkout in a large modern supermarket of the 90's: * Each item is swiped over a bar code reader. The bar code is printed on the packaging by the manufacturer. * The computer looks up the current price listed against the bar code in a database. * Discounts or loyalty credits are taken care of. * The prices for all items are added up to provide a total - usually shown on a digital display. * The customer's debit card is scanned and the money is automatically transferred from the customer's bank account to the supermarket's account. If real cash is used then the correct amount of change is calculated. * An itemised receipt is printed. * Each item is automatically reordered from the warehouse via cable and made ready for the next delivery. * At a later stage various charts can be easily produced to compare monthly sales, calculate profits, etc. This is how it was done in the 70's and is still done in small shops today, without the use of ICT: * Every item is priced individually using a sticky label put there by a shop worker - when prices change these have to be updated manually. * The sales assistant looks at each label and adds up the prices to provide a total, either mentally or using pen and paper. * He/she then takes money from the customer and calculates the amount of
In this essay, I am going to evaluate the effect of job satisfaction on work performance.
Does job satisfaction generate high worker performance? In other words, do happy workers work harder? In this essay, I am going to evaluate the effect of job satisfaction on work performance. It is not the first time that this topic has been investigated. There is a lot of past research which link these two variables. The topic is still a live one and is even more important in the twenty-first century given the longer working hours culture. A recent survey show that a great number of workers lack job satisfaction these days compared with a decade ago. Today companies intent on achieving growth and profitability need to consider job satisfaction as it not only saves costs in terms of staff retention but may also increase profitability due to increased staff performance. In order to achieve these aims the modern manager needs to understand what motivates his workers, what job satisfaction means to them, how it can be measured and how it can be implemented practically in the workplace. Some studies found that there is no link between those two criterions whereas other studies found that there is a slight link. For example, (Iaffaldano, and Muchinsky 1985) have found and described link between satisfaction and performance as a link between two factors that logically or intuitively should connect but in reality do not. On the other hand, (Judge and Thoresen and Bono and
In the first scene of the play, Romeo comments,
English Coursework 2: "Romeo and Juliet" Essay Question: In the first scene of the play, Romeo comments, "Here's much to do with hate, but more with love." How far do you consider this to be a fair assessment of "Romeo and Juliet"? Love and hate are the two predominant, contrasting themes of one of William Shakespeare's early tragedies, "Romeo and Juliet". "Romeo and Juliet" was penned in approximately 1595. During this period Shakespeare was compiling his infamous sonnets and it would seem that these two forms of prose share similar roots and characteristics. Not only were they written simultaneously, but shared themes as well; love, time and death. William Shakespeare also solidifies this view more so by including three sonnets in "Romeo and Juliet itself at key points in his masterpiece. The first sonnet is coincidentally the first fourteen lines of the play, the chorus, the second is when the two lovers first meet at the Capulet ball and third sonnet concludes and summarizes the happenings of Act One and introduces and explains what will come to pass in Act Two. As afore mentioned, "Romeo and Juliet" is one of Shakespeare's early tragedies and therefore differs quite significantly from his latter works. For example, Romeo and Juliet, the hero and heroine of the play, try everything and anything in order to make their ending a happy one but have obstacles thrown in
My research questions: did the United States of America really lose the Vietnam War and if so why did they lose it?
INTRODUCTION If we want to judge one or other nation for losing a War we must first consider the empirical background of the war itself. "War is the condition that exists when a group --generally, a recognized state or nation but often a political, social, or economic faction within a recognized political group -- feels its vital interests are at stake and seeks to impose its beliefs or control on a rival group through the use of overt force."1 From this definition we can see that a group goes to war to protect its interests. The question that is paramount in my essay is who do we consider the victors and who the vanquished? The winner might be the one who kills most people and loses the least. Also, the one who withdraws the last from war. But the overriding criterion describing the victor is the one who achieves its pursued aim in the war. Hence, I will consider this question in a particular area - The Vietnam War. My research questions: did the United States of America really lose the Vietnam War and if so why did they lose it? In my study I will enlist and afterwards analyze the goals and interests of the United States. First I will define the official goals of the Americans and analyze whether they succeeded to fulfill them. Afterwards I will discuss what unofficial aims some particular groups had linked to the Vietnam War and what they ultimately achieved. In my
Explain why America became increasingly involved in the affairs of Vietnam between 1954 and 1965’
Christian Hamilton-Smith Burnley Habergham High School History Syllabus B (Modern World History) Assignment 2 (Question 1) 'Explain why America became increasingly involved in the affairs of Vietnam between 1954 and 1965' In 1939, Vietnam was part of an area known as French Indo-China. French Indo-China consisted of three countries, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. The French had added these countries to their empire in the 19th Century. Indo-China was home to 25 million people of which around 80 per cent of these lived in Vietnam. The French ruled Vietnam directly but the royal families of Laos and Cambodia ruled in these areas under French control. The people of Indo-China were unhappy due to French rule. The French imposed their language, laws and exploited their economic system. They also spread their religion amongst the people of Indo-China. The French suppressed the people with Catholicism, when their religion was of the Buddhist faith. Indo-China was an attractive country, in that it was rich in natural resources. This is one of the reasons why it was sought after so much. It was rich in coal, rice, corn and also rubber. After the South of France had been taken by the Germans, in June 1940, it became hard for France to remain in control of their valuable empire. Some Vietnamese saw France's defeat as an opportunity for their countries own independence. Japan also
Of mice and men
CW 3. Ashley ziyanai sithole Year 10R Mr. R Shaw 15/02/09 ENGLISH COURSEWORK: WHY DOES AUTHOR JOHN STEINBECK INCLUDE CROOKS IN HIS NOVEL `OF MICE AND MEN'? In America the Wall Street Stock market crashed in October 1929, the world economy was plunged into the Great Depression. By the winter of 1932, America was in the depths of the greatest depression in its history. It led to many people becoming jobless and many offices and banks shutting down and business and trade was at its most minuscule point. And in John Steinbeck's novel `Of Mice and Men' he describes the life that individuals had and the complications of lifestyle and dreams that were hard to accomplish. And in this essay I am going to be answering the question, "Why does John Steinbeck include crooks in his novel `Of Mice and Men', with detailed and supported statements that will help me generate a final opinion on why john Steinbeck included crooks in his novel. John Steinbeck uses crooks in his novel `Of Mice and Men' because of Racial discrimination amongst the workers on the Ranch. Some evidence to support my statement is the following "She turned to him in scorn. 'Listen, Nigger,' she said" evidence captured from chapter 4 from the novel `Of Mice and Men'. Steinbeck wanted to show that life for Afro-Americans was hard, and that the Characters
How does Dickens Presentation of Pip as a Young Boy Contrast to Pip as an Adult?
How does Dickens Presentation of Pip as a Young Boy Contrast to Pip as an Adult? In this essay I will consider how Dickens presentation of Pip as a young boy contrasts to Pip as an adult. In 'Great Expectations' Pip starts off as a young, poor, deprived orphan but is later given money from an unknown benefactor and becomes what he would call a gentleman, he later finds out that his benefactor is a convict named Magwitch. Pip goes through three distinct changes in this novel, he starts off as a polite young boy, who would love to learn and aspires to be a 'gentleman' but believes that this is not possible as he has no money. The second is when Pip has received his money; he has achieved his goal of becoming a so called gentleman but still hasn't worked out what being a gentleman really means. The last is when he visits Joe and Biddy, he discovers money isn't everything. It is a story of Pip's self discovery with many tragic elements. It was published in 1860 in weekly instalments; this affects the form and the structure, necessitating elements such as cliff hangers and lending the novel as a whole a relatively slow pace. The two scenes that I have selected to focus on portray Pip's relationship with Magwitch in chapter one and chapter thirty nine, as they present a radical contrast between the youthful, naive, courteous Pip and the older pretentious man, who is appalled to
