Electronics Project - Remote Infrared Circuit.
Electronics Project Remote Infrared Circuit Introduction For my electronics project I chose a circuit that would incorporate an infrared sensor, which would pick up infrared coming from an infrared transmitter/source. This would lead to a motor or LED becoming operational. I started off by using the Internet to research information on infrared sensors and transmitters. Once I had collected enough research and understood the principles behind infrared and how it worked I could start constructing my actual project on breadboard. However before constructing the actual project I had to firstly make a preliminary project substituting the infrared components for an LDR with a light source. This would allow me test the circuitry and collect readings while allowing me to better understand the principles of the circuit and the components while deciding whether the concept of the circuit would be feasible. Then once this stage of my project is complete and the circuit is found to be reasonable I will substitute the LDRs for infrared sensors. Specifications My preliminary circuit senses a change in light intensity(By utilizing a LDR and resistor in a potential divider arrangement) and then, with the use of a D type flip-flop acting as a latch, sends a voltage to an LED or motor. An optional addition to the circuit is to have another LDR in another potential divider arrangement
My aim is to produce a line follower robot with a bump sensor which can
Aim: My aim is to produce a line follower robot with a bump sensor which can reverse if it goes off course Research: Line follower robots are most commonly produced to take part in competitions. The purpose of the line follower robot is to follow a line. The robot will only follow a line that is black against a white background or a white line against a black background. This is so that the sensors can distinguish a clear difference in light and so the robot can trace and follow the line. From my research I have decided to use infrared LED emitters (phototransistors). They are fairly cheap but work relatively well. To research into the project I was going to make I looked on the internet to find other examples of the line follower robots. I found many different variations and concentrated on the components used. I looked into books and gathered information on how to assemble the circuit on the breadboard and researched on how the components work. I have researched on the type of amplifiers I could use for the line follower. I will use an amplifier to increase the current as I am using low voltage. I looked on the Maplins website (www.maplins.co.uk) and decided to use the LM386 because it is suitable for low voltage applications and it is relatively cheap. Specification: * The robot has to be able to follow straight lines, curves and turn around corners * It has to
Test and evaluate a linear position sensor, and identify a possible use for this sensor in every day life.
Outline For my experiment, I chose to test and evaluate a linear position sensor, and identify a possible use for this sensor in every day life. The experiment was done using a variety of apparatus, as seen in the list below, and was set up as shown in the diagram which follows. Apparatus: Retort stand with two clamps 100g, 20g, and 10g weights with holder Piece of string Sensor Precautions and Safety Safety was not a big issue when doing this experiment, as no harmful materials or apparatus were used. However, some precautions were taken. I made sure that I had enough space to carry out my experiment effectively, without worrying about knocking anything over; and when applying the weights to the sensor's mechanical contact, I made sure to this gently, and not drop the weights on, which could damage the sensor. Procedure After gathering and setting up my apparatus, the circuit was connected using a pair of connecting wires, a few crocodile clips, a power source, multimeter, and of course the position sensor. In this sensor, the exact circuit set up is not known, however there are two possibilities, both of which are shown in the two diagrams which follow. Throughout the experiment, a constant supply voltage of 5 V was used, so as to maximize accuracy of the readings. The multimeter, set in voltmeter mode, was connected across or in parallel with the variable
Building a mass balance to measure small weights (0g-100g) using a rotary potentiometer
BUIDING A MASS BALANCE TO MEASURE SMALL WEIGHTS(0g-100g) USING A ROTARY POTENTIOMETER Introduction: Nowadays, we have mass balances, weighing scales etc to measure masses but we hardly have devices that measure small masses. Sometimes, we may have to measure objects with small masses say 10g to 100g and my model is created backed up with this idea. Components Used: Digital multi-meter, Meter rule, Retort Stand, Clamp, Rotary potentiometer, Power supply (5V), Spring, Masses (in unit of 10g), 2k and 3k resistors, 1k variable resistor, amplifier. Reason For Choice Of Components: * Rotary Potentiometer: I used a rotary potentiometer so that when masses are placed on the meter rule the change in voltage (output) could be noted. The rotary potentiometer is of 5k Ohms but I connected it to a 5V power supply as a more convenient way of measure. As the potentiometer moves the resistance changes and also does the voltage. * 2k, 3k Fixed Resistor and 1k Variable Resistor: I used these resistors in order to make a Wheatstone Bridge so that there will be a significant change in output when masses are added to the meter rule. * Amplifier: I am using the amplifier in order to make my model more sensitive and obtain a more accurate result. * Spring: Without the spring, when masses a put on the meter rule, the masses will pull the rule till the masses came to rest on a flat
Single Slit and Double Slit Diffraction
Single Slit and Double Slit Diffraction Objective To observe the diffraction patterns created by laser light passing through a single slit and double slit and to verify the equation which predicts the diffraction patterns in theory. Mathematical Theory n ? = d sin(?) n ? = d Procedure . Align a laser, a diffraction disk, and a light sensor mounted on a rotary motion sensor. 2. Allow the laser to pass through the diffraction disk. 3. Run the light sensor attached to the rotary motion sensor across the diffraction pattern to detect the intensity of light at different positions along the pattern. 4. Record the displacement measured by the rotary motion sensor and the intensity of light measured by the light sensor. Data Laser wavelength - 6.7x10-7 meters Distance from the slit to the light sensor - 0.72 meters Single slit diffraction pattern with a 2x10-5 m wide slit Single slit diffraction pattern with a 4x10-5 m wide slit Single slit diffraction pattern with a 8x10-5 m wide slit Double slit diffraction pattern with a 4x10-5 m wide slit and 2.5x10-4 m between slits Double slit diffraction pattern with a 4x10-5 m wide slit and 5.0x10-4 m between slits Double slit diffraction pattern with a 8x10-5 m wide slit and 2.5x10-4 m between slits Data Analysis By observing the characteristics of the diffraction patterns produced, one can see the difference between
Palm OS Management
Palm OS Palm OS - Table of Contents Topic Page I. Introduction...........................................................................2 II. Aim of Palm OS.......................................................................3 * Flexibility...........................................................................3 * Ease of Uses........................................................................3 * Mobility.............................................................................4 III. Power Management..................................................................4 IV. Data and File Management.........................................................5 V. Memory.................................................................................5 * Overview...........................................................................5 * Architecture.......................................................................6 * Format..............................................................................7 * Allocation..........................................................................7 VI. Process Management................................................................8 VII.
An electronics firm wishes to introduce a range burglar alarms. This coursework contains the design and a prototype, which has been made for further development by the firm.
Electronics Coursework Problem An electronics firm wishes to introduce a range burglar alarms. This coursework contains the design and a prototype, which has been made for further development by the firm. Possible Projects Brief I have decided to design and make a prototype of a home burglar alarm. Research into Alarms - I have phoned companies, talked to staff at electrical shops, to find the following information. Analysis of commercial alarms From my research into commercial alarms I have found out the following... * All alarms have more than 1 input. * All alarms sound for a time after they have been triggered. * Most alarms sound for a variable time of between 2 minutes and 20 minutes. * All alarms have a sound output of at least 98dB. * All alarms have either a delay between being switched on and being armed or they can be remotely switched on and off from outside the premises. * The better alarms have a small delay between being triggered and the siren sounding. Research into Burglaries - To Catch a Thief The following research came for the television programme 'To Catch a Thief'. The presenters are ex-burglars, who have decided become good to help people prevent burglaries. First the ex-burglars find a house, burgle them (with the householders permission), and then the BBC pay for extra security to be fitted e.g. Burglar alarm, new locks, windows, and
Specifications for the Ultra Sonic Proximity Detector
Electronics AS coursework Aim To design and build a proximity detector for the rear of a car that is used when it is parking. The sensor's main objective is to decrease stress for the driver and make the task of parking easier and quicker. The sensor will use ultra sound to detect close objects. Initially the project will produce a simple mechanism to portray the idea, which then can be developed. For example the feedback to the driver could just be a buzzer that comes on when the car is too close. Research I chose to use ultra sound in my sensor, because I have had no experience with the components so it would be a good research topic and hopefully prove to be interesting. The transmitter sends out the high frequency pulses, which reflect off of objects and are detected by a receiver. The longer the time between the emission and detection the more the amplitude of the wave decreases. Also the waves are transmitted in a 20? arc, I was able to find these facts from Rapid electronics company whom sent the ultra sound part I requested. I have also found out that the waves received will still have a low amplitude so therefore a low voltage so a form of amplification is needed. The next slight hitch I found was that the vibrations from the transmitter were also being received along with the pressure waves, to limit this I mounted the ultra sound devices in a piece of
Short story - Speed Demon.
SHORT STORY. SPEED DEMON. It was early, but he could hack it. People were paying good money for him to do this job and he was going to make damn sure that he did it right. The morning dew glistened on his track, and a hazy evanescence could be seen arising from the cold, hard tarmac. He had just completed a previous lap of this, his, circuit, he owned that circuit, it was his, and he made sure that it was his by beating off any rivals who even dared to try and complete it. Waiting...waiting... He was ready. The huge behemoth that was his combustion engine waited, guzzling up diesel as if there was no such thing as the greenhouse effect. His V-12, twin-turbine engine gave off an almost deafening growl. What it lacked in manoeuvrability it made up for in pure power. His hand twitched, his hand reached coolly for the cold hard shaft that was his gear stick, he was keeping the nervousness he felt inside of him as if he were a world-class poker player. He was ready. The light cycle started - red. He had been waiting for this moment for what had seen to be an age. Amber. Glistening, a droplet of sweat condescended down his forehead, finally resting upon his brow. Green. The wheels tore away, as if circular saws with the way that they ripped apart the road from underneath all eight of them. A split second was all that was needed for him to change from first to second gear. He
Arora - creative writing.
Arora "You better be ready, for tomorrow night. You know that if anyone of us messes up, we'll be as good as dead." "D-d-dead" "Yes DEAD!" "I will be ready. Sir!" "Morning General could you knock next time." "Sorry Sir." "At ease! How may I help?" "Thank you sir. I just heard someone shouting I thought there was a problem" "No, no problem, you should know by now that we shout in the army. You may leave." "Thank you sir!" "Now Melvin nothing will happen, it will be ok. Don't worry." "Sorry sergeant I just get nervous. You know how it is" "How many times! Call me Tony." "Sorry." "You can go now, remember tell no-one." "Y-y-y-es s-sir." "For heavens sake stop shaking man!" Melvin goes home and gathers the things that he needs. Tony is talking to a good friend on the phone. "Hi Joe. I was thinking of installing some security round here. A few things have been going missing and I was wondering what kind of security they have over there because it looks like it's not very heavily guarded." "That's what they want people to think, but its got all these hi-tech gizmos." "Really! Like what?" "Well I can't tell you, it's against the rules." "Come on, I have been your friend for 10 years now." "True. Well they only have two security systems." "Only two?" "Wait for it. They have a battery sensor." "I thought they hadn't released that yet, I was told they were