Calibrating a Potentiometer sensor.
Sensor Coursework - Calibrating a Potentiometer sensor. Introduction Sensor: A device capable of detecting and responding to physical stimuli such as movement, light or heat. All sensors have an input, which can be any physical variable, Common examples include, temperature, position, light intensity, and sound. This input is then converted into a readable output, normally an electrical signal. Sensors are extensively used in the modern world, and are important components in many household electrical appliances such as ovens, computers, and televisions. The purpose of this experiment is to calibrate a sensor, which involves establishing and marking units on a measuring device. In electronic sensors, the calibration is achieved by the production of a graph with input plotted against output. From the resultant curve, expected output can by interpolated for a given input, and vice versa. Aim The aim of this investigation was to calibrate, and investigate the properties, of a sensor that finds the weight of objects. Preliminary Work What sensor should I use? The sensor to be used should have input, varied by applying different weights, to give a reasonable range of outputs. I've decided to look a few possible sensors. Sensor What it measures (input) Why used / not used Pressure The force of objects pushing down on the sensor. I'm not going to use this sensor as
Electronics coursework.
Electronics coursework Remi Adeyemo 11E Situation My parents have been complaining recently of the temperature `which the car reaches when they park it anywhere due to the constant heating up of the sun. They find that it may get too hot for the dog when they leave it for short times to go shopping and they obviously cant roll down a window due to the dog escaping or theft of the vehicle. So to help solve this problem I have decided to create a heat sensitive circuit that will open the sunroof as hot air raises allowing it to escape and reducing the risk of theft and the dog escaping. The will also only be on for a set time so that theft may be reduced even further. Design brief To design a small device to open and close the sunroof. The sunroof shall be opened depending on the temperature of the time. And also close on an automatic timer so as to reduce theft. The device will also close the sunroof if the temp drops to acceptable levels in the allotted time. If the sunroof closes and it is still very warm it shall open again in about five minuets. The device shall be small and inconspicuous; it shall also be light and resistant to the elements. Also needs a mains connection so it can also be run on a car battery. Analysis Materials- insulate the circuit where needed to protect components from damp cold and wet conditions. The size should also be small as it will
'A small business wishes to sell a range of electronic games to help alleviate boredom for young children and also be of educational value. You have been asked to design and make a suitable prototype'.
Design Brief For my electronic products GCSE project I have chosen to produce the following project from the NEAB approved list. 'A small business wishes to sell a range of electronic games to help alleviate boredom for young children and also be of educational value. You have been asked to design and make a suitable prototype' I have decided to design, research and make a portable infrared target game that is fun to use and good for improving reactions. After choosing this idea a number of guidelines instantly presented themselves to me: > Appearance > Safety > Expense > Guidelines set by NEAB For this project I am going to extensively research all of the major areas of the product such as the four listed above and other areas such as chips and casing. I must try and consider every option of fulfilling the product guidelines to the greatest amount of customer satisfaction. Design Specification This section is going to cover the rough spec of the product I am going to produce. I have compiled a list of points to do this: > The final product must cost less than £10 > The final product must be aesthetically pleasing > The laser emitter must be cased ergonomically > The product must be enjoyable for children > The product must have an ON/OFF switch > The product must have a battery power indicator LED > Mains electricity cannot be used > Battery must be
Review of Electronics Systems in Society
Electronics Research Assignment Review of Electronics Systems in Society Mobile Phones: Mobile phones are small, portable devices used for voice or data communication using cellular radio networks. In recent years, the technology of mobile phones has advanced much and many additional features have been added such as digital cameras, video recording, internet and email. MP3 Players: These are devices used for storing and playing music. The music is stored digitally as files in formats such as MP3 and WMA. Although the devices are small they can store up to 160 GB of data or around 50,000 songs. People can therefore take their entire music library with them wherever they go. Computers: Machines used to store data and perform complex calculations using sets of instructions called programs. They can be used to carry out many tasks such as word processing, graphics and electronic communication. Television: A system of sending and receiving pictures and sound by means of electronic signals transmitted through wires and optical fibres or by electromagnetic radiation. (MSN Encarta). Television is a source of information and entertainment. Recently television technology has developed and digital television has become more and more used with better picture quality and more channels. General Effects of Electronic Systems in Society Positives * Electronics allow widespread
Elecrtonics - Audio Amplifier
Problem: At the moment my computer uses a pair of small active speakers that do not produce very good sound, also when I want to plug my mp3 player into then I have to unplug them from the back of my computer first which usually consists of a lot of wire untangling and takes a while. Solution: To solve the problem I am going to build an amplifier which will take four separate inputs and be able to switch between them. It will produce good sound quality through external, passive speakers Specification for Amplifier: . It must use an op-amp amplifier 2. It must have four inputs 3. It must have a volume control 4. It must have a bass control 5. It must have a treble control 6. It must be able to switch between inputs 7. It must have stereo speaker outputs 8. It must include a power supply. 9. It must have a maximum size of 300x150x250mm 0. It must be completed by 28th March 2007. 1. It must have a mains power switch. There are various ways in which I can approach this task. I will draw three system block diagrams to show different ways in which I could build my amplifier. Solution 1:- Description:- This is a basic amplifier system. It has four different audio inputs. Two processes, the input selector will select the desired audio input to amplify. The amplifier is a single op amp and the output from this will power the speakers. Solution 2:- Description:-
For my sensing project I decided to make a Digital Micrometer.
PHYSICS Advanced Subsidiary GCE UNIT 2862 - (a) Instrumentation Task Aim: For my sensing project I decided to make a Digital Micrometer. I use analogue micrometers quite often in design technology but I always find it a long and time consuming process to read off the scale and find the reading that the micrometer gives. I am planning to make the micrometer accurate to microns as all micrometers should be, however this will require a great deal to calibrating and will require highly accurate test equipment. The project will measure distances using an accurate linear potentiometer. Therefore in short my project is to calibrate a linear potentiometer so you can reliably measure changes as small as a micron. Plan: In order to set up my micrometer I will need the linear potentiometer which the physics department already has. This potentiometer is mounted on a stand with the measuring arm sticking straight out into a large screw thread with a low pitch. With this setup I will be able to push the potentiometer in with the screw thread, therefore giving a simple yet reliable way of getting precise positions on the potentiometer. With these precise known distances (which will become thicknesses) I can take a reading through the potentiometer which will be proportional to the position of it. To take the readings I will have to connect up the potentiometer in a circuit. Because it
The aim of this investigation is to design, build and test a sensor.
Sensors Coursework Aim and Hypothesis The aim of this investigation is to design, build and test a sensor, which has an appropriate: * Sensitivity * Response time * Resolution * Range * Minimum random/systematic error The sensor I have designed operates by detecting the intensity of light using an LDR (light Dependant Resistor), also known as a photoconductor, in a Potential Divider circuit. In this experiment my input variable will be the mass of milk powder added to 750ml of water. My outcome variable will be the potential difference across the normal resistor (which changes as the resistance varies). I will be measuring this using a multi-meter of resolution 0.01V. This will be positioned as shown in the circuit diagram below. Background A potential divider is a resistor or a chain of resistors connected in series in an electrical circuit. It is used to obtain a known fraction of the total voltage across the whole resistor or chain. When a variable resistor, or potentiometer, is used as a potential divider, the output voltage can be varied continuously by sliding a contact along the resistor. Devices like this are used in electronic equipment to manipulate factors such as volume, tone, and brightness. In this case I have used a potential divider comprising of an LDR and a fixed resistor. I have used two components that have very similar resistances to
Analysis Courseork
Analysis Section "Bin IT" is a newly established company whose purpose is to specialise in educating its customers in the benefits of recycling. Kate Devon is the Chief administrator of the company and does all of the payroll calculations for the pay slips by hand and not only does it take her a long time to do but she often makes mistakes. She has asked me to help her and create a new system that will make the job easier and eliminate their existing problems. I interviewed Kate Devon, the chief administrator to find out about her job, the problems she's having and the user requirements needed. Amy Smith: What are the problems you, as the payslip writer face with the current system? Kate Devon: Well, to start off with it was an alright job to do, I used a calculator to do my calculations and got through the task quite quickly. But after a while I couldn't keep up and the task started to take longer and because I was restricted to time scales I would start to make mistakes. It was such a daunting task to do that I started getting tired throughout the day. Amy Smith: Would you say you would like a new system that is easier? Kate Devon: Yes, after a long hard day my hand gets tired and people often don't understand my writing, they have complained, but there is nothing I can do, I have tried to explain this to them. I would like to see a new system put in place that is
Vacuum Chamber Investigation
Planning: Apparatus List: When conducting the experiment I will need the following pieces of apparatus: * Rotary Vacuum Pump * Vacuum Chamber * Manometer * Valve * Short Pipe * Long, thin pipe * Stop Clock Apparatus Diagram: Safety Considerations: It is important that when setting up and carrying out the experiment no objects are poked into the belt drive mechanism of the rotary pump. The mains voltage in the mains powered equipment is also dangerous but is screened in normal use. Obeying these two safety points will help prevent physical injury and electric shock. Variables which could affect the Experiment: * The length and diameter of the pipe connecting the vacuum chamber to the vacuum pump. * The size of the vacuum chamber. * Changes in atmospheric pressure may affect the experiment. This is perhaps one of the more major variables because it can account for up to plus or minus 50 mbar. * The consistency of the Rotary Pump may be a major variable in this experiment. It is unlikely that its performance will remain constant when evacuating the vacuum chamber. This is because of heat build up in both electrical and mechanical components such as the mains transformer and seals when pumping takes place. * Changes in room temperature may cause variable characteristics in the experiment. Changes in temperature may affect several items such as the efficiency of
Specifications for the Ultra Sonic Proximity Detector
Electronics AS coursework Aim To design and build a proximity detector for the rear of a car that is used when it is parking. The sensor's main objective is to decrease stress for the driver and make the task of parking easier and quicker. The sensor will use ultra sound to detect close objects. Initially the project will produce a simple mechanism to portray the idea, which then can be developed. For example the feedback to the driver could just be a buzzer that comes on when the car is too close. Research I chose to use ultra sound in my sensor, because I have had no experience with the components so it would be a good research topic and hopefully prove to be interesting. The transmitter sends out the high frequency pulses, which reflect off of objects and are detected by a receiver. The longer the time between the emission and detection the more the amplitude of the wave decreases. Also the waves are transmitted in a 20? arc, I was able to find these facts from Rapid electronics company whom sent the ultra sound part I requested. I have also found out that the waves received will still have a low amplitude so therefore a low voltage so a form of amplification is needed. The next slight hitch I found was that the vibrations from the transmitter were also being received along with the pressure waves, to limit this I mounted the ultra sound devices in a piece of