How does amount of a certain exercise effect human pulse rate?
Pulse Rate Experiment Research Question: How does amount of a certain exercise effect human pulse rate? Variables: * Controlled: Time/Amount and type of exercise * Dependent: Pulse rate * Independent: Time/Amount of exercise Hypothesis: I am pretty sure that the pulse rate will increase as the amount/time of the exercise increases. I think that if the person is fitter, the pulse rate will be slower. As we do the exercise more, the amount of glucose/oxygen in our body will probably change so this will result to the pulse rate to change as well. Background Information: During each heartbeat, the muscles of the heart contract which causes a wave of pressure which forces blood through the arteries. This wave of pressure is called a pulse. There is one pulsation for each heartbeat. The pulse can be felt at different parts of the body where the arteries are just under the skin. These places are the temples, neck, crook of the elbow, wrist, groin, back of the knee, and the inside back of the ankle. The normal pulse rate is different with age. When we exercise or do any kind of physical activity, the heart rate increases to supply the muscles with more oxygen to produce extra energy. With extreme exercise, the heart can beat up to 200 times per minute. The brain sends nerve signals to the heart to control the pulse rate. If we measure one's pulse while they are lying
Mechanics of Breathing and responses to exercise
Practical Three Mechanics of Breathing and responses to exercise Authors: Leah Frisby, Rebecca Murray, Shuchtra Ghash, Holly Franklin, Emily Gibbs, Rhian Jones, Jake Hatt, Thushe Joseph, Charlotte Hall, Emma Kirk Aims * To investigate how holding breathe for 30 seconds affects the tidal volume, respiratory rate and respiratory minute volume. * To find out how moderate exercise for 3 minutes affects the tidal volume, respiratory rate and respiratory minute volume. Introduction The respiratory system can be divided into to sections: the upper and lower respiratory system. The upper respiratory system consists of the nasal and oral cavities and the pharynx. The upper respiratory system warms and moistens the air before it reaches the lungs. The lower respiratory system consists of the trachea, the lungs and the diaphragm. The trachea, bronchi and bronchioles are the conducting zone and do not have a gas exchange role. The alveoli are the respiratory zone and gas exchange solely occurs here. The lungs are divided into lobes; the right lung divided into three lobes (superior, middle and inferior) whilst the left lung is only divided into two lobes (superior and inferior). The primary functions of the respiratory system are: * Exchange of oxygen from the atmosphere to the blood and of carbon dioxide from the blood to the atmosphere. * Providing protection from
6 Session Personal Exercise Program
Matt Turner 6 Session Personal Exercise Program Introduction In My Training Program, I will be working to improve my muscular strength and cardiovascular endurance. The reason for this is that next season football matches are 90 minutes instead of 80. Last season I was getting tired toward the end of matches and this was affecting my performance. I also take throw-ins deep in the opponents half. I would like to be able to throw the ball further to create an attacking opportunity in the box. I think my level of fitness should be reasonably good as I play football twice a week and bike to school every day as well as P.E lessons in school. Before I start my exercise Program, I will test my current level of fitness. I will measure my cardiovascular endurance using the cooper test. The cooper test is where you run continuously at the same speed for 12 minutes. The further you run, the better your cardiovascular endurance is. I will test my muscular strength using the medicine ball throw test. You throw a medicine ball as far as you can and the further you throw it, the more muscular strength you have. To increase my cardiovascular endurance I will need to work my aerobic system. The effects of aerobic training are: * The Heart Grows bigger and can hold more blood. This means it pumps more blood per beat and becomes more efficient. * Resting Heart rate falls because you can
Orthopaedics - Define the term fracture.
ORTHOPAEDICS . Define the term fracture. With aid of a diagram, illustrate the types of fractures. Fracture means the breakage of a bone, either complete or incomplete. (Oxford medical dictionary) For types of fracture see diagram (A) 2. Describe the stages of fracture healing. The stages of fracture healing are as follows; After fracture - wound bleeds and fills with clot. After one week - clot retracts and is removed by phagocytes. Capillaries and Fibroblasts go to damaged area. These cells have osteogenic potential which lays Osteoid. After three weeks - Cartilage and Osteoid is forming around the breakage. Six to twelve weeks - Osteoid ossifies to form Callus (a cuff of provisional woven bone). Six to twelve months - Cortex to cortex union (bone directly joining the fractured surfaces. 3. Identify the signs and symptoms that lead you to beleive a bone is fractured. - Pain. Most common symptom, but people have different pain thresholds, so sometimes hard to tell. Also depends on the site and how instable it is. - Swelling. Gross swelling normally means a vascular rupture. - Weakness - Loss of function. May be unable to move the limb or have difficulty. E.g. An old lady may be able to walk on a fractured neck of femur, but will limp. - Loss of sensation or motor power. Suggests nerve or vascular damage. - Tenderness - Deformity. Limb may
5-session fitness programme for Netball.
By Thulasi Nathan Contents Page Page Introduction Activity Analysis Personal Analysis Testing Result Sheet Specific Analysis Safety Considerations Warm up Warm down Fitness Programme 1 Fitness Programme 2 Heart Rate / Recovery Rate Evaluation of Week 1 Contents Page Page Evaluation of week 2 Evaluation of week 3 Evaluation of week 4 Evaluation of week 5 Overall Final Evaluation Introduction * Thulasi Nathan * 11s * Preston Manor High School For my GCSE project I am going to organise my own 5-session fitness programme for my chosen sport of Netball Circuit training is a good way to organise your muscle training. A circuit usually has 8 to 15 stations. You do a different exercise at each station. Circuits can also be used to improve your skills at a specific sport. You practice a skill at each station. This is my circuit. The purpose of this training programme is to improve my skills, strength, endurance and my aerobic and anaerobic respiration. It will consist of a lot of repetition and hard work. My overall aim is to improve my fitness by considering the following training principles: Specificity Progression Overload Reversibility Tedium Specificity- Training should be specific. This means that it should concentrate on the specific needs of the performer. Lifting weights, for example, will increase muscle strength, but it
Circuit Training For rugby
Circuit Training For rugby Circuit training is a way of training. A circuit has about 8 to 15 stations. At each station a exercise is done for a set amount of time. Circuit training can lots of things it can improve muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, aerobic fitness, muscular strength, speed and agility. Circuit training can be made for just one sport (I have done rugby). Circuits for only one sport will only have exercises to improve all the muscles and skills for that sport. My circuit-training program is for rugby and it is going to be done for six-weeks. The 8 stations I have made are specifically suited to help play rugby. My circuit is aimed to improve: muscular endurance, muscular strength, speed, agility, cardiovascular endurance, and ball skills. These are all needed for a rugby player. These skills will be needed because. Muscular Endurance - To keep the muscles contracting for the full length of the match without them getting tired or weak. Muscular Strength - This is an important part of rugby because as you know rugby is a very physical sport. Also strength is useful when you take a line out, (good muscular strength in the abdominal muscles is required to throw the ball higher and further to reach a player that is a long distance away from the touch-line.) If you are tackling you need muscular strength ( upper body mainly) to bring them to the
AQA GCSE PE Training Programme
AQA GCSE PE / Games Health-Related Exercise / Training Programme Coursework By Vasilis Panayi Aim I will be creating a training program so that I can improve my general fitness and football skills, I will include specific exercises to help improve the areas required for football. I think that I am generally unfit but I have no injuries or other health problems. In a typical week I do no physically strenuous exercises. The targets I expect to achieve at the end of the five session exercise program that I create, are to improve my leg strength, ball control and stamina, also I would like to improve my fitness and be able to do each exercise for a longer duration. - Shuttle Runs 2 - Bench Press 7 - Wall Sits 3 - Skipping 6- Passing ( against wall) 5 - Step Ups 4 - Dribbling During every training session heart rate should be recorded to see recovery rate. Resting Heart rate should be taken before each session, It should be taken again immediately after exercise and then at regular intervals to test recovery rate. Fitness Testing - There are many fitness tests, one of which should be chosen to test fitness before training sessions are started and after 5 sessions. Below are two of the possible tests I will use. . Bleep Test 2. Cooper run I have selected to do the bleep test before and after my training programme. Bleep Test The aim of the bleep test is test
Taking part in health related fitness prevents a range of diseases such as obesity, coronary heart disease, diabetes and other diseases. Taking part in a health-related fitness programme will reduce a persons
Health Related Fitness Taking part in health related fitness prevents a range of diseases such as obesity, coronary heart disease, diabetes and other diseases. Taking part in a health-related fitness programme will reduce a persons risk of having a heart attack, exercise is also a very effective method for people who have suffered from a heart attack. Having good levels of aerobic fitness is important in order to have a good quality of day-to-day life. Taking part in regular exercise helps to slow down the ageing process of the cardio respiratory systems. Regular aerobic exercise burns off a number of calories, the longer the person exercises for and the more intense it is the more calories they will burn, therefore help to control a persons weight. An area of fitness that people often neglect is flexibility. As we get older our bodies become less flexible. If a person lacks flexibility they are more likely to injure themselves through overstretching or pulling a muscle Maintaining muscular strength is very important for many different reasons. By taking part in resistance training exercises or weight-bearing activities a person will be less likely to suffer from osteoporosis, a disease in which bones become very fragile and more likely to break after a fall. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends three to five days a week for most cardiovascular
Planning the PEP - Purpose of the programme in relation to prior fitness levels.
Planning the PEP Purpose of the programme in relation to prior fitness levels The sport I'm going to be training for is football. At the moment my current level of performance is fairly average so I wish to improve over six weeks to make me a better player and to increase my level of fitness in different areas such as endurance- as this is key to being a footballer. I play football at the college and my main position at the moment is as a striker but I use to play in goal for a time. I felt moving back onto the pitch was a good step for me, as I believe it makes you a fitter athlete and you learn more about the game and the different skills. At the moment I don't feel I have any injury worries but I have been ill recently so this could affect my performance when training. For football you have to have a high level of fitness at all times otherwise when it comes to the matches I will falter and so not play to my best possible ability. For my position you have to be aware at all time and have quick reactions to what's going on in order to react to certain situations. I also have to have a good level of skill in order to dodge around players, to create a good chance to score. Speed is also important so for my programme as being a striker you need the pace to outrun the defender and then hopefully score- if you are lacking in this department its hard to get anywhere so in
Understand the effects of sport in the development of children
Understand the effects of sport in the development of children Social effects Children who regular play sport have showed differences compared with those who don't. There are many social factors but I have highlighted the main ones. These social factors can be used later in life maybe to have respect for work colleagues. Learning respect for others When participating in local sports teams children tend to have respect for their team mates, but also their opponents. Due to the sex difference during school boys tend to be outside whereas girls play indoors. Because of boy playing sport outside they tend to learn goal setting, independent roles, techniques to improve performance and settle dispute. Whereas girls tend to cooperate better and have good patience. Development of coping ability When children play matches or games there are only one winning team but there is also a losing team. When losing the children will have to cope with disappointment and have respect for teamwork and the opposing team. When winning it will teach the children to have respect for the opposing side. Improved cooperation skills A successful team will need to cooperate to do well in a competition, so when children play in a competition in a team sport the performers will need to cooperate with each other, when older they can cooperate with people and consider other peoples feelings and
