Discuss one explanation of Personality Development and evaluate its conclusion.
Discuss one explanation of personality development and evaluate its conclusion. For this assignment I am going to discuss Freud's perspective of personality development. Freud used psychoanalytic theories that are based around the emotional development of the personality, whereas Erikson's psychosocial theory focuses more on the role of social factors in development. Personality development can be broken down into three strands within Freud's theory: the personality structure, defence mechanisms and psychosexual development. Personality can be defined as ' the distinctive and characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behaviour that define an individual's personal style, and influence his or her interactions with the environment'. (Atkinson et al, 1992) Freud developed his theories by psychoanalysing adults, mostly middle-aged women and individuals with personality problems. He used various methods to study his patients, such as, dream analysis; which are interpretations of individual's dreams as they are a "window on the unconscious" (Davenport, 1988), free association; where the person is given a word or a phrase and encouraged to say the first thing that enters their head and 'slips of the tongue'; which is when a person says something in error but these can subconsciously reflect what they really mean. Freud suggests that adult personality is derived from
Definition of Psychology.
Psychology: The term psychology comes from two Greek words: psyche, which means . The spirit or soul. 2. The human mind. 3. In psychoanalysis, the mind functioning as the center of thought, emotion, and behavior. And logos, "the study of." or according to modern researches "science" These root words were first combined in the 16th century, at a time when the human soul, spirit, or mind was seen as distinct from the body. Definition of Psychology: Psychology is one of the youngest sciences. It is still going through the process of its development. There has been much fierce controversy about its definition. It has been variously defined as the science of soul, the science of mind, the science of consciousness, the science of behavior. The science of soul: Psychology was first defined as the science of soul. But it was not excepted, for the reason that it had too much of religious flavour. Soul generally conveys the idea of a supernatural thing. it is immortal, beyond one's control. It is not easy to observe and study the soul so this theory was discarded. The science of mind: Then, Psychology was defined as the science of mind. Later , it was changed to mental processes, by Psychologists as Hume and Tichener. This "invisible" world of mind involves many different aspects, functions and potentials. Imagination, attention, intellect, awareness, intention, reason,
Describe and evaluate one or more psychodynamic explanations of personality development.
Describe and evaluate one or more psychodynamic explanations of personality development. (24 marks) One of the key elements of Freud's theory of personality development is conflict, and to understand how these conflicts arise we first have to look at the structure of the personality. Freud believed that personality has three parts, known as the tripartite. Firstly the id, this contains innate sexual and aggressive instincts and is located in the unconscious mind. The id works in accordance with the pleasure principle, with the emphasis being on immediate satisfaction. Then the ego, this is the conscious, the rational mind and it is developed in the first two years of life. It works on the reality principle. It takes into account what is going on in reality and it acknowledges that acting impulsively can hurt us. Then finally the superego, this develops during the phallic stage and it is the child's conscience and sense of right and wrong. It is formed when the child adopts many of the values of the same sex parent. It is said that there is conflict between the three parts. Evidence into the tripartite personality is Solms, who used PET scans to provide support for the concept of the id and the ego. During REM sleep the rational part of the brain is inactive and Freud's theory would say that the ego does indeed become suspended while the id is active during dreaming. But the
Health and social care - Physical, intellectual and emotional need.
C/w 12th September 2007 Health and social care Physical need - It is most important that your physical needs are met. Physical needs induce food, drink, warmth and shelter. To be healthy we need a balanced diet that is a diet that contains all the nutrients that help the body to function properly. We need fluids to drink and clothing to keep us warm. Intellectual need - These are needs that are met by using that part of the mind that does your thinking. We use our brains so solve our problems that occur in our day - to day lives, in our work and during leisure and recreational activities. We also use our brains to help us develop new skills and knowledge. We all have our own interests and like different things and so as individuals we think differently. To make the best use of all our abilities we need to intellect to set our goals and targets. By doing this we help to develop our self-esteem. When we communicate with others our intellectual needs are being met. Taking part in activities that stimulate the brain to solve a problem we feel a sense of achievement. Emotional need - How do we feel about ourselves and others? How we feel is linked to our emotions. Sometimes we feel happy because we have achieved a goal, such as being successful in an examination or at sport. Sometimes we feel sad because a pet dies or we have to move away from our friends.
Theories from the psychodynamic approach have helped to explain how mental health issues may be dealt with. Discuss how mental health issues are tackled by the psychodynamic approach
Theories from the psychodynamic approach have helped to explain how mental health issues may be dealt with. Discuss how mental health issues are tackled by the psychodynamic approach The psychodynamic approach highlights the importance of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences, therefore practitioners of this approach will attempt to deal with the mental health issues of their patients by incorporating these ideas and creating 'therapies' using these bases. The basic concept behind psychoanalysis is that a patient that suffers from mental health problems such as depression can address any regressed feelings thus, the patient gains insight of and can learn to work through their emotional 'baggage'. It is a generalised notion that if the cause of the symptoms were tackled it would only be logical that the symptoms would desist. The psychodynamic approach is mainly comprised of ideas and notions suggested by Sigmund Freud, based partly on his psychosexual development theory. In essence, the child passes through stages such as oral and the anal. Major conflicts or excessive gratification at any of these stages can lead to fixation, therefore if an adult experiences great personal problems, he or she will tend to show regression (going back through the stages of the psychosexual development) to the stage at which he or she had previously been fixated. Thus
Describe and evaluate Bowlby's theory of attachment.. 10 marks
Describe and evaluate Bowlbys theory of attachment (10)… Bowlby believed that babies have a biological need for an attachment with an adult carer (most often the mother), this is a biologically mechanism as it keeps the baby close to the mother for survival this would be done by both parent and child. The attachment instinct promotes survival in three ways: keeping the baby close for food and protection; to provide a safe base for exploration; also to help form future relationships with stranger (e.g. by introducing the baby). Bowlbys theory came under five sections, Firstly ‘Monotropy’ this is the belief that infants form one very special attachment with their mother. This special intense attachment is called Monotropy, if the mother is not present the infant could bond with another ever present adult (mother-substitute) an example of this is when the child is in any social situation, it will only smile and make contact with the person it has this intense bond with. Secondly the ‘Critical Period’ this is when babies have to form the attachment with their caregiver during a critical period, this is between birth and 2 ½ years old. Bowlby said that if this didn’t happen the child would be damaged for life socially, emotionally, intellectually and physically, an example of the child not being able to bond is neglect, if the child is constantly left alone or
The Psychodynamic Approach.
The Psychodynamic Approach The first man who began to study the Psychodynamic Approach was Sigmund Freud. When you talk about the Psychodynamic approach you can consider it as focusing on the role of internal process in shaping personality. As Robinson (1979) stated, concerns about motivation are always linked together with the psychology of personality. According to this, psychoanalysis is both a theory of motivation and a theory of personality. However, who was this Freud and what did he do to be this famous? Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was born in Moravia in the Czech Public. He lived in a middle class family and was the eldest of eight children. He studied in Vienna and most of his life he spent in this town. Later on he became a doctor and during that time he learned about hysteria disorders and techniques of hypnosis. These two were to play a big role in his career. Soon he became more specialized in neurological disorders and became a leading figure in the area. Freud became famous for his writings on psychoanalysis. In 1919 he granted the title of professor at the University of Vienna. Later on in his life he underwent a series of surgeries for cancer in the jaw. He died in London in 1939 at an age of eighty-three. Freud has become one of the most famous psychologists of all time. One of Freud's most fundamental assumptions, Physic determinism, was partially based
Compare and contrast two psychological perspectives I am going to research the psychodynamic and Cognitive theory thoroughly
I am going to research the psychodynamic and Cognitive theory thoroughly, using different resources with this I will compare their strengths and weaknesses of each. The psychodynamic approach includes all theories in psychology that see human functioning based upon the interaction of drives and forces within the person, particular unconscious between the structures of personality. Freud's psychoanalyst was the original psychodynamic theory. Sigmund Freud's Theory is quite complex. He believed that different driving forces develop during these stages which play an important role in how we interact with the world. In An Outline of Psychoanalysis, Freud (1949) explains the principal tenets on which psychoanalytic theory is based. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality, personality is composed of three elements, these three elements of personality is known as the id, the ego, and the superego which work together to create complex human behaviors. The id is the only component of personality that is present from birth. This aspect of personality is entirely unconscious and includes of the instinctive and primitive behaviors. According to Freud, the id is the source of all psychic energy, making it the primary component of personality. The id is driven by the pleasure principle, which strives for immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and needs. If
Perspectives on Divorce
3) There are many parts of the brain that effect the way we live and act every single day. There is the frontal lobe which controls planning, organizing, coordinating and controls movements, reasoning and the overall thinking process. I have used my frontal lobe today when I decided to write this essay, and how I was going to set it up. There is the temporal lobe which controls hearing. I used this today when I listened to my Ipod in the halls. There is the cerebellum which controls balance, movement, and coordination. I used this today when I tried to dance during lunch (key word tried.....). There is also the occipital lobe which controls vision. I used this today when I read a book during English. The possibly most important part of the brain is the medulla, which controls vital functions. I used this today when I had to go from the first floor to the third floor, and I had to catch my breath. When people say "your eyes don't see, your nose doesn't smell, your tongue doesn't taste, your ears don't hear, and your skin doesn't touch; your brain does it all" they are saying although we associate all of those senses with their respective body part really we cant see, touch, taste and so on without our brain first processing it and telling our bodies what is going on. 2) The psychoanalytical perspective says someone may get a divorce because their parents had gotten a
How useful is psychoanalytical approach to understanding a person? Choose one of Freud's case studies. How credible and useful do you find Freud's way of making sense of this person's problem? Which, if any, limitations of the theory do you see?
How useful is psychoanalytical approach to understanding a person? Choose one of Freud's case studies. How credible and useful do you find Freud's way of making sense of this person's problem? Which, if any, limitations of the theory do you see? Much controversy surrounds the psychoanalytical approach to personality. The psychoanalytical approach is primarily based of on Sigmund Freud's (1856-1939) theory of personality. Freud was, and still is, a great figure in personality psychology; he was one of the first to state a personality theory. He suggested that unconscious regions of the mind exist and aid in everyday living, this is somewhat supported through cognitive psychology (Cooper). His theory primarily explained the workings of a patient with 'hysteria', but was later noticed to be a broad theory which could explain a variety of behaviours. The psychoanalytical theory was based on the idea that internal forces drive human behaviour. The two main drives were known as Eros (life drive) and Thanatos (death drive). The Libido was thought to control the life drive and depending on the personality could be very different from person to person. This drive was assumed to determine all behaviours, depending on the people present and the ideas presented to the individual. Freud focused a lot of his workings on childhood development and split the development into stages. The
