There are certain factors that affect the rate of reaction the four main factors are:
Rate of Reaction A rate of reaction is how slow or how fast a reaction takes place "the speed of the reaction" e.g. a slow reaction like rusting an explosion is a fast reaction. There are certain factors that affect the rate of reaction the four main factors are: Temperature: When gasses or liquids are heated the particles gain kinetic energy and move faster. The increased speed results in a higher frequency of a collision between the reactant molecules and the rate increases. Heated molecules have a greater average kinetic energy, and so at higher temperatures, a greater proportion of them have the required activation energy to react Concentration: If the concentration of a chemical increases the will be more particles within the certain space, particles will therefore collide more often and the rate of reaction also increases. Physical State If the particles are the same for e.g. Gas/Gas or Liquid/Liquid then its is easy for the particles to mix with each other, giving them a greater opportunity to collide. If the reactant is a solid the reaction can only take place on the surface of the solid. Catalyst A catalyst is a substance that alters the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up or
Chemistry Rate of Reaction Coursework for Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid
Investing Rate of Reaction I am going to investigate the rate of reaction between two substances: calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. Rate of reaction measures the speed at which a reaction takes place. This is measured by; rate of reaction = amount of reactant used or amount of product formed time taken As seen above, there are two ways to measure a rate of reaction ; ) measure the rate at which the reactant is used up, 2) measure the rate at which the product is formed Different reactions can happen at different rates. Reactions that happen slowly have a low rate of reaction. Reactions that happen quickly have a high rate of reaction. For example, rusting has a low rate of reaction. Explosions have a high rate of reaction. A reaction must be at a convenient speed to measure, because a fast rate of reaction can be hazardous, and a very slow rate of reaction is not practical. The Equation for the Reaction Calcium carbonate + Hydrochloric acid Water + Carbon dioxide + Calcium chloride REACTANTS PRODUCTS CaCO3 + 2HCL H2O + CO2 + CaCl2 (s) (aq) (l) (g) (aq) How to measure the rate of reaction Using a gas syringe This method measures the gas product of the reactants. The gas syringe has marks along its length
Chemistry: Practical Investigation
Chemistry: Practical Investigation Aim To see how varying the concentration of hydrochloric acid affects its reaction time with calcium carbonate. CaCo3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 Apparatus In this experiment I will need: Hydrochloric acid, calcium carbonate, water, conical flask, a bung with hole for tube, burette, water basin, eye protection, stopwatch. Background science "A reaction rate is the speed at which reactants are converted into products in a chemical reaction. The reaction rate is given as the instantaneous rate of change for any reactant or product"1. Collision theory is the theory that atoms or molecules need to collide to react. Most, if not all, reactions also need activation energy for the reaction to occur, also orientation is needed. Factors affecting collision theory are surface area, catalysts, temperature and concentration. Surface area affects the rate of reaction because it increases the frequency of collisions as there is more to collide with, temperature affects the rate of reaction because it both increases the frequency of collisions and the energy in the collisions as it excites the atoms, while concentration affects the rate of reaction because it also increases the frequency of collisions as there are more atoms to collide into the calcium carbonate. Catalysts affect the rate of reaction by providing an alternate route with a
To monitor the rate of reaction we measure how a product changes with time, I am going to collect the gas given off when magnesium reacts with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid at a given time.
Chemistry Investigating the rate of reaction by changing the concentration Aim: To monitor the rate of reaction we measure how a product changes with time, I am going to collect the gas given off when magnesium reacts with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid at a given time. I think that by increasing the concentration of the acid we will increase the rate of reaction. In this experiment I am going observe and record the reaction between magnesium and different concentrations of hydrochloric acid I am going to investigate how temperature affects the rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. My question is to see that if I change the concentration of the Hydrochloric acid for each experiment I will see an increase or decrease in the rate of reaction between Hydrochloric acid and Magnesium ribbon. I am intending to react a chosen length of magnesium ribbon with a chosen volume of hydrochloric acid. I will measure the rate of reaction by collecting the hydrogen gas that is produced in a gas syringe that will be connected, via a piece of rubber tubing and a rubber bung to the conical flask that the reaction will take place. I will quickly drop the length of magnesium into the flask and connect the rubber bung to it. I will then start the stop clock and record the volume of gas evolved every 5 seconds for 15 seconds. I have chosen these times
To find out and analyse what factors affect the rate of reaction between limestone and acid rain.
Chemistry - Rate of Reaction Coursework Section 1: Planning Aim To find out and analyse what factors affect the rate of reaction between limestone and acid rain. Background Information Most materials that are exposed to outdoor conditions are likely to eventually erode due to a natural weathering process. Limestone and marble are two rocks that are often used in the construction of buildings, and this has been so since the 19th century. Both rock types contain a large amount of calcium carbonate. All carbonate materials are likely to erode due to rain. Pure water has a pH of 7, however rain is slightly acidic, with a pH of approximately 5.6. Rain water in some areas has known to be even more acidic, with a pH of 3 or less. The chemical equation for this reaction is: Calcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric Acid --> Calcium Hydroxide + Carbon Dioxide CaCo3 + H2SO4 --> CaOH2 + CO2` I know that these three main factors could affect the rate of reaction between limestone and acid rain: * Temperature * Surface Area * Concentration (of solution) * Pressure (of gas) However in my experiment I am only going to investigate one of these factors. I have decided that surface area isn't the best one to choose because I only have 3 different sized marble chips so I wouldn't get a very large range of results to plot onto my graphs. I have
rates of reaction
Rates of reaction coursework The rate of reaction is the speed in which the reaction occurs. For a reaction to take place, the particles that are reacting have to collide. If they collide, with enough energy and pressure to turn, then they will react and form a compound. There are 4 factors what effect the rate of reaction. Firstly temperature will effect the rate of reaction as there will be more energy in the particles making the particles faster resulting in more chance of collision. Secondly concentration and pressure will effect it as if there is more pressure there will be more particles within a given space therefore particles will collide more often resulting in the rate of reaction increasing. Thirdly the size of the particle will effect the rate of reaction as if the particle is smaller the greater the area that the reaction can take place in. Lastly a catalyst is a chemical what we add what will increase the surface area, so there is more chance of collisions to take place, at the end of the reaction the catalyst can be removed. The reaction of the collision theory: Sodium thiosulphate+hydrochloric acid sodium chloride+ sulphur dioxide + water +sulphur My prediction I predict that as I increase the concentration of the sodium thiosulphate the rate of reaction will increase. This is because the number of particles will increase meaning more chance of collision
Rates of Reaction
Introduction In this investigation I am investigating the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate (known as limestone). The rate of reaction is basically the speed a reaction takes place- meaning how long it occurs for. Chemical reactions only occur when reacting particles collide with each other with sufficient energy to react. The minimum amount of energy that causes them to react is called the activation energy - simply because it activates the reaction. There are many variables that need to be taken under consideration when measuring the rate of reaction. These can include catalysts, surface area, temperature or concentration of the liquid. In this case the dependant variable is the concentration of the liquid. These variables can either decrease or increase the rate of reaction. Theoretical Background When a reaction takes place it has to overcome a minimum energy barrier known as the Activation Energy. If the particles collide with less energy than the activation energy then nothing worth noting happens. "You won't get a reaction unless the particles collide with a certain minimum energy called the activation energy of the reaction." (Taken from www.chemguide.co.uk). Only those collisions, which have energies equal to or greater than the activation energy result in a reaction taking place. The reason why collisions have to overcome the
rates of reaction
The rates of reaction The purpose of our investigation was to find out if the surface area of marble chips, affect the rate of reaction and to find out which method would give the best and most accurate results. We did this by measuring out the same volume of acid and add it to a measuring cylinder. We used 20 ml of acid. And we used the same weight of marble chips. But had them in three different sizes, Powdered, Large Chips and small chips. KEY 2Hcl + CaCo3 CaCl2+H2o+Co2 aq : aquaris (aq) (s) (aq) (l) (g) S: solid l: Liquid g: Gas We poured the acid into the measuring cylinder and got the stop watch ready and the right weight of marble set. As we tipped in the marble powder to the acid solution we started the stop watch and waited for the marble powder to dissolve. Apparatus: Measuring tube Thermometer Large measuring cylinder Stop watch Acid Small/Large/Powdered Marble chips Set of scales When finishing our experiment we consulted a table of results. Which looked something like this: Table 1 Acid used Sizes & weight Temperature °C Time Taken 40 cm3 Powder 0.96g 22°C 8.02 secs 40 cm3 Small 0.96g 22°C 0 mins + 40 cm3 Large 0.96g 22°C 4 mins+ Table 2 Acid used Sizes & weight Temperature °C Time Taken 40 cm3 Powder 1.42g 22°C 38.5 secs 40 cm3
Rates of Reaction
Rates of Reaction Rates of Reaction Background information: Hydrogen Peroxide is a compound made of hydrogen and oxygen. The formula for hydrogen peroxide is H2O2. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide is a colourless, thick liquid which may blister the. To slow the decomposition of the peroxide into water and oxygen it is stored in dark bottles at a low temperature. It is a powerful bleaching agent and a good disinfectant. It is used to bleach hair, ivory, feathers, and delicate fabrics. Hydrogen peroxide always decomposes into water and oxygen gas: 2H2O2 › 2H2O + O2 The rate Hydrogen peroxide decomposes depends on the temperature and concentration. Hydrogen peroxide has many catalysts that make it decompose faster which include most of the transition metals and their compounds. The release of oxygen and energy of hydrogen peroxide as it decomposes can be dangerous. Spilling high concentration of Hydrogen peroxide on a flammable substance can cause an immediate fire. Factors: Concentration The concentration of a solution is how strong the solution is. If the concentration is increased, there are more particles in the same volume. This means there is a greater chance of them colliding, so the rate of reaction increases. In a low concentration, the number of collisions is low, so the rate of the reaction is slower. The concentration does not change the speed of the
Rates of Reaction
Science Course Work - How does the dilution of Hydrochloric acid affect the rate of reaction between itself and Sodium Thiosulphate? Aim: To see how changing the concentration of Hydrochloric Acid affects the rate of reaction. Prediction: In this experiment I predict that the more diluted the acid is, the longer it takes for it to react. For example, If 2 molar HCL added to X molar Na2S2O3 took 40sec to react, 1 molar HCL added to X molar Na2S2O3 will take 80sec to react. This is my prediction of the results table (not necessary the times, but the pattern of the times and rate) HCL(cm3) H20(cm3) Na2S2O3(cm3) Time (sec) Rate (sec) (1/X) (2mol/dm3) 25(from bottle A) 0 25 40 0.025 (1mol/dm3) 25(from bottle B) 0 25 80 0.0125 (0.5mol/dm3) 12.5(from bottle B) 2.5 25 60 0.00625 (0.25mol/dm3) 6.25(from bottle B) 8.75 25 320 0.003125 (0.125mol/dm3) 3.125(from bottle B) 21.875 25 640 0.0015625 I believe this will happen because each time the acid becomes more diluted, the amount of acid particles is halved. Therefore if there are half of the acid particles to react with, the time must be doubled because it will take twice as long for the Sodium Thiosulphate particles to collide with the Hydrochloric acid particles. Also the rate of reaction is halved each time, there for it will take double the time to react. Although the particles may hit each
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