In the centre of the model was the C.B.D (Central business district).
This is the most accessible part of the city and was full of shops, offices and entertainment facilities. There are many important buildings here such as town halls, foreign embassies and museums. There are many roads and different types of public transport, which helps to make the C.B.D easily accessible. Due to limited space and high demand for land, the C.B.D becomes highly dense and as a result of this, tall buildings are erected. There is little space for factories and industry.
The 2nd ring was named the zone of transition (inner city). This in the early 19th century was where most factory and industry was. The owners of the factories built there workers high density terraced housing laid out in a grid-iron pattern. As the population grew in the inner suburbs, the terraced housing became slums with poor facilities such as gardens and parking spaces/garages.
The 3rd ring was called the zone of independent workers (inner suburbs). Here the housing mainly comprises of detached and semi-detached houses which are lowly dense. These houses have been built since 1914 and are more spacious than the housing in the inner city. Many elderly residents retire here.
The 4th ring is called the zone of better residences (outer suburbs). Here the streets are often cul-de-sacs and there is little traffic. The housing is mainly detached and have a lot of facilities such as large gardens, garages and lots of bedrooms. The better off can only afford a home here, as the house prices are very high. Most people have their own transport. There are plenty of open spaces for fields and parks. Retail parks often locate here due to the large amount of cheap land. Normally the rural urban fringe surrounds this area where the countryside and housing/recreational facilities fight against each other.
The 5th and final ring is called the zone of commuters (the commuter zone). This is where middle and high-income families have moved away due to the pollution, crime and traffic. Most people have their own transport, as public transport often doesn’t run this far away from the C.B.D.
