Explore a link between aggressive behaviour, and the consumption of alcohol.
There are many different areas of life that impact on my work as an informal educator that I have little or no control over. Not only that, but I also have a limited understanding of key areas that I feel I should be more knowledgeable about. With this in mind I am using this essay as an opportunity to explore one of these areas. I am currently working with a group of young men who have anger management issues. Since I have been working with them, through conversation and various incidents, I have seen a link between their behaviour, which is aggressive, and the consumption of alcohol. I have no knowledge of this area so therefore within the context of this essay I am going to explore this issue and relate it to key theories to ascertain whether there is indeed a link. Myself and a colleague work with a group of six young men, who have all been referred from the Youth Offending Team because of their lack of control over their aggressive and violent behaviour. One of the young men for example was referred to the project because his anger lead to the stage where he physically assaulted a teacher and due to this was expelled. Since then all other schools in the borough have refused to accept him and so he has been left with nothing to fill his days. I believe that as a result of this his behaviour has deteriorated and he has been involved in several other incidents in
With reference to psychological literature, explain the underlying processes regarding the effects of media violence and increased aggression.
Media Violence and Aggression Assignment . (a) With reference to psychological literature, explain the underlying processes regarding the effects of media violence and increased aggression. (b) Discuss possible ways of counteracting the effects of media violence. The effects of media violence on aggressive behavior have attracted many researchers over the past decade (Bandura, 1961, Berkowitz, 1962, Zillmann, 1988, Anderson, 2003, Huesmann, 2007). As individuals in society displayed more aggressiveness in their behaviors, researchers have endeavored to identify the influence of media violence on person’s action, with the aim of proposing intervention strategies that would minimize the effects of media violence (Baron, Branscombe, & Byrne, 2009). Huesmann and Taylor, (2006) define media violence as ‘visual portrayals of acts of physical aggression by one human or human-like character against another (p 395).’ Human-like or fictional media violence can be encountered on medium such as television and film, video games and music. Psychologists such as Anderson, Berkowitz, Donnerstein, Huesmann, Johnson, Linz, Malamuth and Wartella, (2003) believe that fictional social interaction contributes to increased aggressive behaviors in individuals. These psychologists further
How Does Single Parents Living Status Affect Their Daily Coping Strategies For Maintaining Mental Wellbeing
How Does Single Parents' Living Status Affect Their Daily Coping Strategies For Maintaining Mental Wellbeing? Abstract The paper aims to investigate how single parents' living in poverty adopt their daily coping strategies to solve difficulties and minimize their psychological impacts to maintain mental wellbeing. This report employs explore 2 female single parents transcripts from an interview study (Lea, Burgoyne, Jones, & Beer, 1997) and use Grounded Theory(GT) to analyze and then generate 2 main themes which is: the difficulties from both living in poverty and being in a single parents' position will generate risk factors of mental wellbeing; Both participants had a set of daily coping strategies to minimize the impact of risk factors of mental health. The reason for using GT and both demerits and merits have been discussed. Introduction Qualitative approaches are employed in order to acquire an comprehension of underlying motivations and reasons, to bring insights to obscure problems for developing testable theories; facilitating to gather in depth understanding of how people make sense of their experiences, lives and their structures of the world . qualitative are different from quantitative approaches, they do not involve statistic or measurement but nonnumeric context or representation. Qualitative approaches cover a wide range of methods, including Content
Worplace Bullying
Hidden Costs: The links between Incivility and Bullying in the Workplace Duda Silva Psychology 460 Dr. Diane Villa March 24, 2009 Abstract Research indicates that human incivility, can and is the cause of many cases of "workplace bullying". Workplace bullying can affect a company's bottom line due to lost productivity and employee turnover. An ongoing issue, incivility is directly linked with the attitudes that start the actual bullying. Bullying crosses personal boundaries and hurts not only the people affected, but many organizations worldwide; from sales to hospitals, service industries to technology firms. Incivility and bullying deteriorate work performance and leaves those individuals experiencing these repeated attacks, physical or verbal, ashamed to not only return to their job, but with a feeling of helplessness and defeat. This article is written to not only to examine the shared traits and differences between incivility and bullying and how it affects individuals, but to better inform the working class and companies alike on how these activities affect personal well-being, work performance, and company profitability. Hidden Costs: The Links between Incivility and Bullying in the Workplace Civil behavior involves treating others with dignity and respect as well as acting with consideration for their feelings (Estes, B, & Wang, J., 2008). Uncivil
Despite its numerous critics, labelling theory has many supporters. Outline the main principles of this theoretical approach, discuss relevant supporting evidence and consider its major limitations.
0350420 Crime, Deviance and Social Policy SA 2770 Despite its numerous critics, labelling theory has many supporters. Outline the main principles of this theoretical approach, discuss relevant supporting evidence and consider its major limitations. Labelling theory originated in the 20th century works of researchers such as Cooley "the looking-glass self" (1902), Tanenbaum (1938) and Lemert (1951). Their work was followed by Howard Becker's "Outsiders" (1963) which is a key text from the past 50 years. Although the affecting influences of labelling theory are far ranging, Lemert is seen as the founder of the basic theory. In this essay I aim to give an in-depth description of the origins and history of labelling theory and explain its limitations as well as give examples of research studies and evidence both in support and in critique of the theory. Other issues discussed will include a discussion regarding labelling as an actual theory in reality and to generally evaluate the contributions of labelling theorists and the criticisms against them using the evidence available. The symbolic interactionist approach to deviance, first formed in the Chicago school of Sociology and held by theorists such as Lemert and Becker, began to focus on the way in which negative labels get applied and on the consequences of the labelling process. Edwin Lemert, for example, made a
"Discuss the main tenets of the labelling perspective on crime and deviance. Also consider the limitations and the implications for policy that might be derived from this approach".
Crime, Deviance and Social Policy SA2770 Card no.0144298 "Discuss the main tenets of the labelling perspective on crime and deviance. Also consider the limitations and the implications for policy that might be derived from this approach". In this essay, I would like to explain some of the basic concepts and ideology of the labelling perspective, as are common with the most influential writers of this topic (Although there are too many to mention them all). This will be followed by in-depth explanations of arguments formed by early labelling theorists and the similarities etc between them, and later studies to verify the arguments presented by these theorists, who will be contrasted with the more modern labelling beliefs, arguments and ideas. Ideas both old and new will be assessed, and finally evaluated to establish if or even how they can cause implications to policy. This will then be completed ultimately with a summary of criticisms and then a full conclusion. The labelling perspective Prior to the Labelling perspective, the majority of criminologists had a "non-problematic conception of crime" I.e. Criminal behaviour/activity was just simply something that broke the law. The ideas that followed by labelling theorists argued that no behaviour is "inherently" criminal, wrong or deviant. The behaviour only turns into that of criminal or deviant behaviour when it
Emotions and facial processing of emotions
“A frown is a smile upside down” – Fats Waller Distinctive universal signals 2 Distinctive physiology 3 Automatic appraisal 4 Distinctive universals 5 Distinctive appearance developmentally 6 Presence in other primates 7 Quick onset 8 Brief duration 9 Unbidden occurrence 10 Distinctive thoughts, memories and images 11 Distinctive subjective experience Emotions have played an important role in our evolution and the ability to express these come from environmental cues (Darwin, 1872). In 1999, Ekman provided criteria for emotions (see table 1). He and Friesen (1975) also identified six emotions (happiness, disgust, surprise, sadness, anger and fear) that were universal, that is these emotions were represented facially the same way across different cultures of the world. As a result, these six facial expressions tend to be termed as innate and hence support the “nurture” side of the debate in the famous “Nature vs Nurture” theme in Psychology. Amongst these emotions, of key interest to psychologists are the emotions of anger and happiness. Hansen and Hansen (1988) concluded that it was easier for participants to detect an angry face within a set of happy faces. This is generally called the anger superiority effect. Further evidence (amongst others) for this effect was given by Fox, Lester, Russo, Bowles, Pichler, and Dutton (2000).
A Critique of Evolutionary
A Critique of Evolutionary In this essay I will assess evolutionary psychology (E.P) as a scientific research programme. I will outline the concept of a scientific research programme and the utility of discussing E.P in this manner. I will also give an outline of the origins of E.P, discussing on the one hand its fundamental principles and their auxiliary hypotheses and on the other the earliest work done in this spirit. I will discuss certain ambiguities and weaknesses present in the programme, those concerning reverse engineering, modularity, adaptation and the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness (E.E.A). I will complete the discussion of Archer's claim by assessing criticisms of E.P and their motivation, and providing some warning comments about progress and degeneration. E.P as a Scientific Research Programme Archer (2001) presents the hierarchical theoretic structure of E.P. as outlined by Buss (1990). His basic claim is that the fundamental principles of E.P are not being tested in empirical research; the role of these fundamental principles (the first and second level) is to generate 'novel hypotheses' (the second and third level) which are then empirically tested. To understand fully what is being claimed one needs at least a brief gloss on work done in Philosophy of Science in the latter part of the twentieth century. In his Conjectures and Refutations Karl
Attachment and Adulthood: A Neurobiological Perspective
Attachment and Adulthood: A Neurobiological Perspective Tammy D.Schamuhn, MS Candidate Portland State University Couns 510 What is Attachment? Attachment theory, as defined by Bowlby and Ainsworth, asserts that strong early relationships serve as a secure base from which to go confidently out into the world (Bowlby & Ainsworth, 1991). These fundamental relationships are those that individuals form and try to maintain because they are fundamental to feelings of belonging, security and protection from fear (Sable, 2008). The research suggests that a secure, close connection is a source of strength and personality integration (Siegal & Hartzell, 2003). Research puts forward that healthy development is dependent on secure parental attachment, where in the child or adolescent feels safe enough to explore his or her environment, while knowing his parental figures are accessible and responsive when called upon (Bowlby, 1988). "This secure attachment is associated with the individuals' ability to connect with others and cope with affective or stressful problems" (Ketterson & Blustein, 1997, p, 14). Siegal and Hartzell (2003) clarify that when children have primary caregivers who are consistent in their behaviors, are emotionally attuned (the inner state of the child is matched with that of the parent), and respond to the child in such a way that accurately matches the child's
Aggression and violence effect society in a variety of ways.
Aggression and violence effect society in a variety of ways. It is the general consensus that our society is becoming increasingly more violent. The Bosnian civil war was the most brutal chapter in the break up of Yugoslavia. On February 29, 1992, the multiethnic republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where Catholic Croats, Orthodox Serb, and Muslim Slavs lived side by side, passed a referendum for independence - but not all Bosnian Serbs agreed. Under the guise of protecting the Serb minority in Bosnia, Serbian leaders like Slobodan Milosevic channelled arms and military support to them. In spring 1992, the federal army, dominated by Serbs, shelled Croats and Muslims in Sarajevo the Bosnian capital. Bosnian Serb guerrillas carried out deadly campaigns of 'ethnic cleansing', massacring members of other ethnic groups or expelling them from their homes to create exclusively Serb areas. Millions of Bosnian (and Croatians) had been driven from their homes by July 1992. In early 1994 the fierce three-way fighting became a war between two sides. In February and March the Muslims and Croats in Bosnia called a truce and formed a confederation, which in August agreed to a plan for 51-49 split of Bosnia, with the Serbs getting the lesser percentage. Despite the Muslim-Croat alliance, the peace proposal, and an ongoing arms embargo against all combatants, the fighting did not