Cognitive Psychology - The processes involved in attention.
Cognitive Psychology (PSY323M1) Lecture 4. The processes involved in attention. Reading: Chapter 5 Eysenck & Keane; Styles, E.A. (1997). The psychology of attention. Psychology Press, Hove Cognitive Lab: Eriksen task in Superlab folder Your objectives are to-: i). Understand the notion of attentional selection and attempts to pinpoint the location (i.e. 'early', 'late' or 'flexible') of the attentional filter in the information processing chain. ii). Assess the utility of the different metaphors that aid our understanding of visual selective attention. iii). Understand current thinking regarding the fate of 'unattended' stimuli, and in particular the results derived from the 'negative priming' paradigm. iv). Be cognisant of the processes involved in visual search, with particular emphasis on Treisman's (1980) Feature Integration Theory. v). Be able to describe some of the major disorders of attention. When you are having a conversation in the coffee bar, a place that is notoriously noisy, you are most often so engrossed that you remain oblivious to the noise all around you. Likewise, when you are looking for someone in a crowd, especially if they are well known to you and the crowd isn't too large, it is most often a relatively effortless task to pick them out. How do we pick out and concentrate on that one sound source from among all others as we track
Schizophrenia and related psychosis.
The author of this work is currently employed as a community psychiatric nurse whose remit is to work with those clients with serious and enduring mental illness, the majority of whom have a medical diagnosis of schizophrenia and related psychosis. Over the past 10 years there's been a growing movement towards diverse treatments for schizophrenia other than the acknowledged role of medication as a treatment modality (Birchwood and Tarrier 1993). Developments in psychological theory have led to a number of innovative psychological treatments drawn from human experimental psychology such as behavioural and social psychology and cognitive science. Therapies based on cognitive behavioural theory have been rapidly developing, initially for the so called 'neurotic disorders' but in recent years evidence has accumulated to suggest that these cognitive behavioural approaches can be effective for those people suffering from psychosis ( Williams 1995). The aim of this assignment is to explore the basis of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and review its' therapeutic application to schizophrenia. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is an evolutionary paradigm that came about a from the merging of the established paradigm of behavioural therapy and contemporary cognitive therapy (Clarke and Fairburn 1997). Behavioural therapy historically focused on anxiety, phobic
Significant figures - Vector symbols
Andy Somody 97300-6222 ENSC 495 Assignment #2 Significant figures Vector symbols 4-1). The linear coefficient for the thermal expansion of quartz used for a mask plate is 5.5x10-7 oC-1. This implies that when the mask plate is heated or cooled, its length changes by an amount proportional to the original length, the change in temperature, and the linear coefficient for thermal expansion of quartz. Mathematically, we can describe this relationship with the following equation: where ?T is change in the temperature of the mask plate, ?l is the change in length of the mask plate caused by the thermal expansion, ? is the linear coefficient for the thermal expansion of quartz, and l0 is the largest distance from the portion of the mask plate that remains aligned during expansion to any portion on the mask plate that becomes misaligned. Therefore, ? = 5.5x10-7 oC-1. Alignment accuracy across a 6 inch (15 cm) silicon substrate must be maintained from one layer to the next within 0.5 um. The mask must be properly aligned on the wafer. However, if there is a change in the temperature of the mask plate during alignment, the mask plate will expand or contract. The amount that the mask plate expands or contracts will be determined by the above equation. All of the features on the mask plate will also expand or contract in accordance with the above equation. I have solved this
I will also look at Kingman's models of language and how it relates to the National Curriculum as well and other theories of language. I will observe language and communication development of two children from my school.
Introduction For this assignment I am going to define language acquisition and the development of language by children, discuss the system of language in terms of social and geographical factors, identify differences between language and a language and identify the functions of language in differing situations. I will also look at Kingman's models of language and how it relates to the National Curriculum as well and other theories of language. I will observe language and communication development of two children from my school. From this I will illustrate my findings and how these children fit the models of language acquisition and development. Curriculum Language "Language is about communication; communication with self and communication with others. It helps people to move from the here and now to the past, into the future and into alternative worlds. It uses agreed signs which evolve to fit the times and setting in which the language is used. It enables people to think and feel at an abstract level about ideas which are hypothetical and imaginary in effective, efficient, deep and moving ways. It normally involves talking and listening; it can involve reading and writing. In Western culture, all four elements are important areas of language in the school setting and in life generally." Bruce, T. 1987 p87. Language marks the most important difference between humans and
Research report on friendship
Perception of Friendship Among Young Adults: A Qualitative Study Abstract Same-sex friendship in childhood and adolescence has been well investigated. However, normative individual differences in the perception of friendship among heterosexual young adults has had little research attention. The aim of this study is to explore individual differences in the perception of friendship including needs attached to close relationship. Three young adults were interviewed using a semi-structured schedule focusing on the description and qualities of real friendship; the difference in friendship between males and females; the role of time; the importance of friends and how does someone prove to be a real friend. Research was conducted using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Qualitative analysis revealed five main themes - intimacy, empathy, similarity, fun and effect of the time on friendship. Five common features of close friendship emerged: trustworthiness, shared interest, close friendship developed between people with the same gender, time tested the friendship and friendship was important in a person's life. Friendship is a word that has a different meaning for each of us. Smith, Cowie and Blades (2003) defined friendship as a close relationship between two particular individuals, as indicated by their association together or their psychological attachment and trust. This
IMPULSE CONTROL DISORDERS
IMPULSE CONTROL DISORDERS Many of the self-control disorders involve disturbances in the ability to regulate an impulse - an urge to act. People with impulse control disorders act on certain impulses involving some potentially harmful behavior that they cannot resist. Impulsive behavior in and of itself is not necessarily harmful; in fact, we all act impulsively upon occasion. Usually our impulsive acts have no ill effects, but in some instances they may involve risk. Consider the following two examples. While walking through a clothing store, a young woman decides on the spur of the moment to charge an expensive sweater which is over her budget; she may regret her decision later, but few serious consequences will result. Were she to use all her financial resources to buy an expensive sports car, the consequences would be considerably more serious. Neither of these situations is as threatening as that of another woman, who invites a man she has just met at a singles bar to her apartment where they have unprotected sex--a behavior that puts her at serious risk. People with impulse control disorders repeatedly engage in behaviors that are potentially harmful, feeling unable to stop themselves, and experience mg a sense of desperation if they are thwarted from carrying out their impulsive behavior. Impulse control disorders have three essential features. First, people
An eight-page paper discussing the cause of aggressiveness in humans - nature or nurture
Summary: An eight-page paper discussing the cause of aggressiveness in humans - nature or nurture. "AGGRESSIVENESS AND VIOLENCE IN HUMANS IS DUE TO THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THEY ARE BROUGHT UP AND THEIR INNATE NATURE PLAYS A SECONDARY ROLE IN DECIDING THEIR PERSONALITY" Table of Contents Abstract Statement of Study Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION Defining Aggressiveness Purpose of the Study Importance of the Study Rationale of the Study Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW The Nurture Theory Frustration - Aggression Hypothesis Social Learning Theory Self-hatred and Understanding Aggression due to Mental Processes in Social Interactions - Prejudice, Pride, Powerlessness and Boredom Anger Generating Fantasies Child Rearing Practices The Nature Theory Freudian Theories Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH Research Methods Case Study Chapter 4: DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Analysis Conclusion Abstract Aggression is a common behavior in humans. It is not necessary to regard aggressiveness in a person as a bad quality for it has been found to be necessary in animals and is a part of nature. The more aggressive animal in a species is generally more successful, powerful and gains control over food, territory and mates. Aggression is also a means of maintaining social order. Aggressiveness in this case becomes a necessity for Darwin's survival of the fittest. In the highly
Assess media violence in the world's media.
Abstract The purpose of this dissertation is to assess media violence in the world's media and how it affects Human beings are affected everyday by the media. The media is everywhere, influencing what people have for breakfast in the morning, to what people wear. The media's goal is to showcase their product in a way so, you will buy or agree what is being said. The media does this by flashing pictures across the screen that only take moments to remember inside our sub-conscious. What can happen when the message becomes more than an exciting item? What if the messages come from "Grand Theft Auto: Vice City", a game for the Playstation games console that has the player help the main character beat a man to death? Retired U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel Dave Grossman is the author of the Pulitzer-nominated book On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society. His most recent book, Stop Teaching Our Kids to Kill, is co-written by Gloria DeGaetano. Grossman, a former psychology professor at West Point University, teaches law enforcement officers around America, as well as the FBI, Texas Rangers and Green Berets about the psychology of killing. He also teaches medical and mental health professions how to deal with and prevent killing. He has been a specialist witness at several murder trials, and has written a number of encyclopaedia articles on
Cocaine Addiction: Literature Review, Modalities, and Improved Treatment Plan
Cocaine Addiction: Literature Review, Modalities, and Improved Treatment Plan by Addam Brown A Paper Presented in Fulfillment Of the Requirements of CST5108 - Foundations of Addictive and Compulsive Behavior Addam Brown June, 2011 627 E Trail Creek Dr Nampa ID 83686 208/899.0055 [email protected] Dr. Wayne Cunningham Abstract The purpose of this paper will focus on an intervention design for cocaine addiction that place emphasis on the historical and current role, the rights, diversity, and legal or ethical issues that play a role with cocaine addiction as well as the diagnosis and treatment that will help cocaine addicts become drug free from other researchers through literature review. It will also describe the available treatment interventions critiques from the strengths, weaknesses, and other issues to treat cocaine addiction as well as an existing intervention design that is appropriate for treating cocaine addiction. Table of Contents Literature Review 5 Historical Role 5 Current Role 6 Rights, Diversity, and Legal/Ethical Issues 6 Diagnosis and Treatment 8 Treatment Intervention (Trends Critique) 11 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 11 Description 11 Strengths 11 Weaknesses 12 Contingency Reinforcement Description 15 Strength 15 Weaknesses 15 Other Issues 15 Other Intervention 17 Comparison of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy & Contingency
How important are ethics and social responsibility?
How important are ethics and social responsibility? Introduction The study of ethics has become increasingly important with global business expansion, because of an increase in ethical and social responsibility - concerns that businesses face in different country environments. There exists, however, a wide divergence in the level of importance attached to these two issues in different countries (Czinkota and Ronkainen, 1998). Moreover, vast differences exist from country to country in the economic development, cultural standards, legal/political systems, and expectations regarding business conduct (Wotruba, 1997). In addition, there is great divergence in the enforcement of policies (Mittelstaedt and Mittelstaedt, 1997). In the business ethics literature, ethical variations among marketers/managers from different nations are documented in many empirical studies on various types of ethical issues (e.g. Armstrong et al., 1990; Graham, 1985; Becker and Fritzsche, 1987). Variation in ethics across cultures was evidenced in a cross-national study of industrial salespeople by Dubinsky et al. (1991) where some significant differences in ethical perceptions were found among marketing managers from Japan, Korea, and the USA. A study by Singhapakdi et al. (1994) also revealed that American and Thai marketers differ on various components of their ethical decision-making process.
