New product development for ericsson
ELE402 Enterprise management Coursework Proposal The New Division for Ericsson Table of Content Page Introduction 3 External Analysis 4-6 Strategic Analysis 7-12 Marketing Analysis 12-17 Conclusion 17 Reference 18 Appendix Introduction Ericsson is a leading Swedish-based provider of telecommunication and data communication systems, and related services covering a range of technologies, including handset technology platforms. It was founded in 1876 as a telegraph equipment repair shop by Lars Magnus Ericsson; it was incorporated on August 18, 1918. Headquartered in Kista, Stockholm Municipality, since 2003, LM Ericsson is considered to be part of the so-called "Wireless Valley". Since the mid 1990s, Ericsson's extensive presence in Stockholm helped transform the capital into one of Europe's hubs of information technology (IT) research. The handsets division was given a fresh start in the form of a joint venture with Sony called Sony Ericsson in 2001. LM Ericsson is a major provider of handsets and an infrastructure supplier for all major wireless technologies. A smartphone consists of most digital requirement all packed into one device. From devices with the best specification, a smartphone consists of a good camera, music player and etc all in built in one device which in turn saves the stress of carrying a typical
Expectations in Economics
Expectations in Economics Expectations play a major role in determining the behaviour of the economy. How agents respond to change in policy determines the size and sometimes the direction of the economy's response to the change. The importance of expectations is an old theme in macroeconomics. Nearly all the economic decisions people and firms make - whether to buy bonds or stocks, whether or not to buy a machine depend on their expectation of future profits, or future interest rates. In real world people form expectations for every activity they do. When it comes to economic activity the agents in the economy also form expectations. These expectations can be in relation to expected rise or decrease in price of any goods or services. Therefore the policy maker's should take into account the expectations of the people. Until 1970, macroeconomists based the formation of expectations on animal spirit and backward looking rules. These were called as regressive expectations or adaptive (error learning) expectations. In early 1970 Robert Lucas and Thomas Sargent argued that economists should assume that people have rational expectations that people look to the future and do the best job they can in predicting it. Economists work with many scenarios for how managers, workers, and investors go about forecasting the future and forming their expectations. The main formulations about
Inflation Is No Longer a Problem In the Uk Deflation Is? Discuss
GABDULLINA KAMSHAT INFLATION IS NO LONGER A PROBLEM IN THE UK DEFLATION IS? DISCUSS THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH INFLATION OCCURS AND THE ABOVE STATEMENT. THEORY OF INFLATION Monetary policy can be used as a method to control inflation within an economy. This is usually done by the manipulation of interest rates to either increase or to decrease the spending power of the population of that economy. This is a particularly useful method to use within the UK as the majority of people own their own homes, as most of these people will have a mortgage and therefore any change in interest rates will directly affect their spending power. This can be shown in a simple example: if a family own a home where they are paying £700 a month for their mortgage while interest rates are 8%, a decrease in interest rates to 5% will mean that they are now having to pay £438 per month on their mortgage. This means that the family will have £268 less per month to spend on other goods and services. Aggregate demand is made up of all demands or expenditures in the economy at any given price, and consumption is a major part of the equation; AD = C + I + G + (X-M) This means that a drop in interest rates will mean that a large number of people will be able to spend a lot more money per month on other forms of expenditure. This shows how an increase in consumption will shift aggregate demand to
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Performance
Topic Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Performance 990-2001 Preface The desire to disseminate one's knowledge, gained through experience in the field, often prompts one to say what one has to say in spite of the pitying and patronizing attitude of the amused but silent out lookers. The Macro Economics final report on the GDP and GNP trends of Pakistan since 1990 has got everything about the crusts and troughs of the Pakistan economy. In writing the report we have been guided mainly by our teacher. The reason for writing this report is to have a look at the trends in Pakistan economy and comparison of it with the world's economy for a look at the changing world scenarios. The difficulty we faced while writing this report was definitely the collection of data as these type of data are not very rarely found on websites as well as economic journals are very hard to be understood. We hope that the readers will appreciate our work and give suggestions for the betterment as nothing is perfect in this world and there is always a chance of enhancement and betterment in every field of life. Your good suggestions and ideas will be eagerly accepted. Topics No. Tables Of Contest Description Preface 03-03 2 Acknowledgement 04-04 3 Brief introduction of the Pakistan 06-07 4 CHALLENGE FACES OF GDP IN 08-09 5 ECONOMY OF THE PAKISTAN 0-12 6 GDP RATED 3-13 7 TAX ON
Explain the main instruments of macro economic policy - Fiscal Policy
Explain the main instruments of macro economic policy Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy is the use of government expenditure and taxation to manage the economy. The main changes in fiscal policy happen once a year in the Budget. It is in the Budget that the Chancellor sets the levels of taxation and government expenditure for the next fiscal year. The fiscal year runs from 5th April one year to 4th April the following year. This is why the budget is usually in March. The changes come generally into effect in the following month. Fiscal policy can be used in various different ways. It may be used to try to boost the level of economic activity when the economy is flagging a little. In this case it is called reflationary policy. Alternatively the economy may doing a little too well and in need of slowing down. In this case deflationary policy is called for. The final use for fiscal policy is as a tool of supply - side policy To help imagine how these policies work think of the economy as a balloon. The air in the balloon is the level of demand or economic activity. If the balloon is a little low and short of air you want to reflate it, but if it is over-expanded and in danger of bursting you deflate it. The same is true of the economy, though when it is over-expanded instead of bursting we get other problems such as higher inflation and a large balance of payments
How the Exchange Rate Mechanism attempts to control fluctuating currencies between its members.
The Single European Market. Outcome 1. Suzanne K Menzies. Tutor: C Masterton. Contents. Introduction 3 Part 1 A brief description of the Exchange Rate Mechanism. 4 - 6 Part 2 How the Exchange Rate Mechanism attempts 7 - 8 to control fluctuating currencies between its members. Part 3 The ECU's 'Basket' of currencies. 9 - 10 Part 4 The principle role of the ECU. 11 - 12 Part 5 The purpose of the European Monetary Co-operation Fund. 13 Conclusion 14 Bibliography 15 Appendices 1 - Basket Quantities 1991 & Composition of ECU 1979 - 1989 16 2 - Key events in the ECU's 1981 - 1999 17 3 - History of the Euro - BBC News 18 4 - Convergence Criteria - BBC News 19 Introduction. A European Monetary Union has been high on the EU's agenda for some time. The belief is that full harmonisation of Europe has to be on an economic, social, political and monetary basis. Now, with the implementation of the Euro becoming legal tender last January (2002), this aspiration has been instated. The Euro, established by its forerunners: the ERM and ECU, as it expands will offer vast provisions, in the aim of developing economic monetary, power, aid and achievements in the long run. This assessment explores the European Monetary field, hopefully giving some coherence to it along the way. Part 1-
Romania's economic expansion between 1999 and 2003.
INTRODUCTION Located in Southeastern Europe by some accounts and in Central Europe by others, Romania benefits from an enviable strategic position. The country also enjoys generous access to the Black Sea (Bartleby.com, 2000). These geographical coordinates have played and will continue to play a significant role in the context of a united Europe. Romania's prosperous economy between the two World Wars took a progressively negative turn beginning in 1947, when the country fell under the Soviet Union's sphere of influence. Nineteen eighty-nine marked an unprecedented turning point in recent modern history - the Cold War came to an abrupt end. Romania freed itself from its dictator and from its communist regime (Bartleby.com, 2000). Since then, the country has been passing through a transition period, as it attempts to compete economically with its neighbors and the rest of Europe. In 1995 Romania gained associate membership status to the European Union (EU), which offered several economic advantages including reduced tariffs with other EU countries (Price Waterhouse Coopers, 2001). Currently, 70% of Romania's exports are directed towards EU countries and 60% of Romania's imports come from EU countries (National Bank of Romania, 2003). Yet Romania's inclusion in the EU is much more than a simple macroeconomic balance of payments issue. The economies of Spain, Portugal,
Evaluating the Health of the US economy. Analyse the macroeconomic policies of the Bush and Obama administrations.
US economy Part I Use a few stylized facts to point out the most relevant strengths and weaknesses of the US economic policy. The economy of the United States (US) is the largest in the world. The United States is a market-oriented economy where private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions. However, to analyze economy of the United States we have to see economy indicators, such as; the GDP (Gross Domestic Product), Unemployment Rate, Inflation Rate and others. Economic growth is the increase in value of the goods and services produced by an economy. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or GDP. Growth is usually calculated in real terms, i.e. inflation-adjusted terms, in order to net out the effect of inflation on the price of the goods and services produced. In economics, "economic growth" or "economic growth theory" typically refers to growth of potential output, i.e., production at "full employment," which is caused by growth in aggregate demand or observed output.Owe First of all, we will look into the indicator of growth in the economy; and the main indicator is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The GDP growth rate is the most important indicator of economic health. If GDP is growing, so will business, jobs and personal income. If GDP is slowing down, then businesses will hold off investing
Macroeconomic analysis of Brazil. In the following sections, we give a brief overview of the economys past and then present a detailed analysis of its current macroeconomic policies and the challenges faced.
2010 FTMBA CORE, Division B [MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS: BRAZIL] INDEX Introduction 3 . Analysis of the past 4 .1 The "Lost Decade" of the 80's and 90's 4 .2 The Real Plan and the East Asian Currency Crisis: 1994- 1998 6 2. Current Macroeconomic Environment: Brazil under Lula 7 2.1 Lula's first administrative term: 2003 - 2006 7 2.2 Lula's second administrative term: 2007 - 2010 11 3. Challenges faced and Policy recommendations 15 Conclusion 16 References 17 Appendix 18 INTRODUCTION The economy of Brazil is the world's eighth largest by nominal GDP and ninth largest by purchasing power parity. It is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world with an average annual GDP growth rate of over 5 percent. Characterized by large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, Brazil's economy surpasses all other South American countries. In 2001, Goldman Sachs chief economist coined the term BRIC, a concept, which states that Brazil, Russia, India, and China could become the four most dominant economies by 2050. Macro Economic Indicators In order to give an overview of the Brazilian economy, below is some macroeconomic data depicting its development. The GDP of Brazil in terms of PPP was 2.013 trillion dollars in 2009. After the high rates of inflation experienced in
Slovak economic development, measured by GDP, inflation, and Unemployment
Slovak economic development, measured by GDP, inflation, and Unemployment Peter Matay Tomas Koribana Macroeconomics Research paper 20/4/03 Prior to the research, there is need to define, what GDP, Inflation, and Unemployment is. Gross Domestic Product is the value of all goods and services produced in a country during one year.(Macro economy, 11,) The second macroeconomic indicator as well as macroeconomic problem is Inflation. It's occurs when quantity of money within economy increases faster than production showing itself in growth of prices. Unemployment is a problem and macroeconomic indicator as well. When a certain percentage of people that are considered to be a part of labor force, are willing to work but there are not jobs available in the market and therefore they cannot find a job. These 3 macroeconomic indicators and problems (inflation and unemployment), do indicate the state of economy. Also, they influence may the economy in positive and negative way. An example of negative inflatory influence occurred in post war Germany, where the inflation rate was more than 50% and the money had practically no value. The prices of goods and services increased so rapidly, people lost their confidence within the economy. It was calmed just when thigh monetary and disinflatory policy was introduced. Fortunately, with government involvement and concrete disinflatory laws,